The number of ftreets in Baltimore is one hundred and twelve befides lanes and alleys. The principal freet is Baltimore-ftreet, is about eighty feet wide and extends from east to weft, is near a mile in length and is the prineipal street in the city for wholefale and retail flores of all kinds of merchandize. The principal of the other ftreets except Pratt, Water, Second and Eaft ftreets run in right angles. Market forect is the wideft in the city, it is about one hundred and fifty feet wide and is elegantly built on each fide with houfes most of which are new and uniformly built of brick, this and fome of the adjoining lots were formerly a marth, which on account of is low fituation rendered the city unhealty. The market which flands in the fireet is commoly known by the name of the Marsh market, no doubt from its flanding in the place where the math formerly was. Befides this there are Howards and Fells Point snarkets, all of which are plentifully fupplied with provifions of every kind. The ble places of worship are fifteen, namely for Prefbyterians three, Epifcopalians wo, Germans, Calvanifts and Lutherans two, Reformed Germn ore, Quakers one, Nicolites or New Quakers one, Methodifts two, Bapfis two, Roman Catholics one, befides one for Roman Catholics to be bat on the road between the point ad the cry. They have a Court houfe, which has been lately fupported with an arch of flone and brick but it is much out of repairs near the Court-house on the fummit of a white fandy hill flands the jail, which is alfo much out of repair, but as the new jai is in much forwards, it is likely the old one will be pulled down and the hill leveleu; the new jail is building about a mile from the city on the north fide of Jones's Fails, nearly oppofite the manfion of governor Morris; nearly a mile from the new jail in a N. E. direction and on the fummit of a hill is e.ecting an hofpital which as to its fituation will be healthy and pleafant; they have alfo a very excellent poor houfe, a public library, affemby room, play-boufe and cirus: in the city are thrice banks, viz. Maryland, Baltimore and the Branch bank of the United States; the houses are in general well built and moftly brick. Baltimore lies thirty miles N. W. of Annapolis. ale two terored and eleven S. W. of New-York.

Georgetown ftands on he back of the Potou mack river, about an bundred and fixty miles from us entrance into Chejapeak bay. The ground on which it ftands is very broken, being a clufler of line hills, which though ar prefent elevated confiderably above the furface of the river, were, probably, at fore former period overflowed, as at the depth of eight or ten feet below the turface marine he is having been found. Lat. 34° 25′ N.

Frederick-lown is a fine flour:fhing inland town: it is fituated in a fertile country, about four miles fouth of Catokton mountain, and is a place of confiderable trade; it has four places for public worship; one for Pref byterians, two for Dutch Lutherans and Caluanifts, and one for Baptifts; behides a public oal and a brick market-house. It is forty-feven miles N. W. of Baltimore, N. Lat. 39° 24′

Hagars-Town, is but little interior to Frederick-Town, and is fituated in the beautiful and well-cultivated valley of Conegocheague, and carries on a confiderable trade with the western country, feventy-three miles N. W. of Baltimore.

Elkton is fituated near the head of Chefapeak bay, on a small river which bears the name of the town. It enjoys great advantages from the carryingtrade between Baltimore and Philadelphia, and the tides ebb and flow up to the town, fifty-x miles N. E. of Baltimore.

Climate, Face of the Country.

THE climate of this flate is in general mild and agreeble, fuited to

agricultural productions, and a very great variety of fruit trees; the air in the interior country is falubrious, and favorable to the inhabitants, who, in the hilly parts, are as healthy as in any part of the Union; but in the flatlands in the neighbourhood of marthes and flagnant waters, as in the southern flates, they are fubject to intermittents and other complaints common to fwampy fituations.

Eaft of the blue ridge of mountains, which ftretches across the western part of this state, the land like that in all the fouthern ftates, is generally level and free of flones; and appears to have been made much in the fame way; of courfe the foil must be fimilar, and the natural growth not remarkably dif ferent.

The ground is uniformly level and low in moft of the counties on the eatern fhore, and confequently covered in many places with flagnant water, except where it is interfected by numerous creeks. Here alfo are large tracts of marth, which, during the day, load the atmosphere with vapour, that again falls in dew in the clofe of the fummer and fall feafons.

Chefapeak bay divides this State into the eafters and weftern divifios. It affords many good fisheries, and is remarkable for the excellence of its arbs, and alfo for a particular species of wild dack, called canvas back. In a com• mercial view, this bay is of immenfe advantage to the State; it receives a number of large rivers. From the eaftern fhere in Maryland, among other fmaller ones it receives the Potomake, Nantikoke, Choptank, Chester and Elk rivers; from the north, the rapid Sufquehannah; ad from the weft, the Petapfco, Severn, Patuxent and Potamack, half of which is in Maryland, and half in Virginia. Except the Sufquehannah and Potomack, these are Smail rivers. Petapfco river is but about thirty or forty yards wide at the ferry, just before it empties into the bafon upon which Baltimore flands; its fource is in York county, in Pennsylvania; its courfe is fouthwardly till it reaches Eldridge landing, about eight miles weftward of Baltimore; it then turns eastward, in a broad bay-like stream, by Baltimore, which it leaves on the north, and paffes into the Chefapeak.

The entrance into Baltimore harbour, about a mile below Fell's point, may be easily defended againft naval force on account of the narrowness of the channel.

Severn is a fhort, inconfiderable river, paffing by Annapolis, which it leaves to the fouth, emprying, by a broad mouth, into the Chesapeak.

Patuxent is a larger river than the Patapfco; it rifes in Ann-Arundel county, and runs foutheastwardly, and then call into the bay, fifteen or twenty miles north of the mouth of the Potomack. There are also feveral small rivers, fuch as the Wighcocomico, Eaftern Branch, Monocafy and Conego theague, which empty into the Potomack from the Maryland side.

Soil and Productions,

THE fuil of the good land in Maryland is of fuch a nature and quality

as to produce from twelve to fixteen bufhe's of wheat, or from twenty to thirty bufhels of Indian corn per acre.. Ten bushels of wneat, and fifteen bushes of corn per acre, may be the annual average crops in the State at large.

Wheat and tobacco are flaple commodities. In the the interior country, on the uplands, confiderable quantities of hemp are raised there.

Two articles are faid to be peculiar to Maryland, viz. the genuine white wheat, which grows in Kent, Queen Ann's and Talbot counties, on the raltern fhore, and which degenerates in other places, and the bright kite's foot tobacco, which is produced at Elkridge, on the Patuxant, on the weftern

fhore.

Among other kinds of timber is the oak, of feveral kinds, which is of a raight grain, and eafily rives into flaves for exportation. The black walnut is in demand for cabinet tables and other furniture. The apples of this ftate are large, but mealy; the peaches plenty and good: from these the inhabitants ditlil cyder and peach brandy.

In Worcester courty a fpecies of grape vine, of a peculiar kind, has been difcovered by a Mr. Jones, of India River. The bark is of a grey colour, very fimooth, and the wood of a firm texture. They delight in the high fandy foil, but will thrive very well in the cyprus fwamps, and the leaf is very much like that of the English grape vine.

The forefts abound with nuts of various kinds, which are colle&ively called maft; on this maft great numbers of fwine are fed, which run wild in the woods: thefe fwine when fatted, are caught, killed, barrelled, and exported in great quantities. This traffic formerly was carried on to a very confiderable Mines or iron ore are found in feveral parts of this flate, of a supe

extent.

riour quality.

Religion and Character.

THE Roman Catholics, who were the fuft fettlers in Maryland,

are the most numerous religious fect. Befides thefe, there are Proteftant Epifcopalians, English, Scotch and Irifh Prefbyterians, German Calvinifls, German Lutherans, Friends, Baptifts, Methodists, Menonifts and Nicolites, or new Quakers, who all enjoy liberty of confcience.

Notwithstanding the illiberal fentiments of Mr. Morfe, in his geography, refpecting the general character of the people in this and the other fouthern itates, every perfon not governed by prejudice, who has had any chance to travel amongst, or tranfact business with them, muft acknowledge they are not behind their fitter fates to the eastward, either in punctuality in trade, politenefs of manners, or hofpitality to firangers. That the citizens of Baltimore are more enterprizing than thofe of fome cities of a longer fanding, muft be acknowledged from the rapid increase of their trade, and the improvements of their city. That there are individuals of indifferent characters in this as well as in other ftates and communities we admit, but from them to form an opinion of a flate generally, or that the character of one flate fhould be cftablifhed on the ruins of that of another is equally illiberal and unjust, it marks the deficiency of candour, an ungenerous fondness for our own, and the want of that charity which ought to cover the defects of our neighbours. The people of Maryland in general are induftrious and wealthy, chearful in their countenances and manners, and poffeffed of that honeft fimplicity which will ever add to the character of any people, and no doubt contains as many mer of learning and real genius as any of its neighbours.

FURNACE

Trade and Manufactures.

URNACES for running iron ore into pigs and hollow ware, and forges to refine pig iron into bars, are numerous, and worked to great extent and profit. This is the only manufacture of importance, carried on in the flate, except it be that of wheat into flour, and curing tobacco.

To

The trade of Maryland is principally carried on from Baltimore, with the other States, with the Weft-Indies, and with foine parts of Europe. thefe places they fend annually about thirty thousand hogheads of tobacco, befides large quantities of wheat, flour, pig iron, lumber, and corn; beans, pork, and flax-feed in fmaller quantities; and receive in return, clothing for themselves and negroes, and other dry goods, wines, fpirits, fugars, and other Weft-India commodities. The balance is generally in their favour.

Literature."

THERE are four colleges in this flate, viz. one at Charleston, in

Kent county, called Washington college, which is under the management of twenty four vifitors or governors. One at Annapolis, (St. John's college.) Thefe two colleges conftitute one univerfity, by the name of the University of Maryland," whereof the governor of the State for the time being, is chancellor. One at Georgetown, on the Potomack river, erected by the Roman Catholics, for the promotion of general knowledge. And one at Abingdon in Harford county, inflituted by the Methodists, by the name of Cokesbury college.

In Somerfet county there is an academy inftituted by law, called Washington academy. Befides thefe there are many other literary inftitutions, of inferior note, in different parts of the State, and provifion is made for free fchools in most part of the counties.

Conflitution.

THE Legiflature of this State confifls in two diftinét branches, a

fenate and a houfe of delegates, which is filed, the General affembly of MaryLand, and are elected annually. The executive is vefted in a governor, who cannot continue in that office longer than three years fuccellive, nor be eligible as governor until the expiration of four years after he shall have been out of that office. He is commander in chief of the militia, and has alfo the direction of all the regular land and fea forces under the laws of this flate. The delegates to congrefs from this flate are chofen annually by the joint ballot of both houfes of affembly. By the declaration of rights of the 14th of Auguft 1776, the liberty of the prefs is to be inviolably preferved, and every man is at liberty to worship God in fuch manner as he thinks molt acceptable to him.

CHAP. XVIII.

CITY OF WASHINGTON,

THE territory of Columbia was ceded to the United States by the

Rates of Maryland and Virginia, for the purpose of eftablishing a federal city, that might become the permanent fear of the Federal government after the year 1800. This city lands at the junction of the river Potomack and the Eaflern Branch, in latitude 38° 53′ north, ex ending about four miles up each, including a tract of territory, exceeded in point of convenience, falubrity, and beauty, by none in America. Within the limits of the city are twenty-five fprings of excellent water. The waters of Reedy branch and of Tiber creek ma fo be conveyed to the capital, at an eafy expence.

The Eaftern branch is one of the fafest and most commodious harbours in America, for the largest ships of war four miles above its mouth; white the channel les clofe along the edge of the city.

The Potomack, although only navigable for fmall craft, for a confiderable diftance from its banks next to the city, will never helels afford a capacious fummer harbour.

The inland navigation of the Potomack is fo far advanced, that craft come down it, and its feveral branches, from upwards of 180 miles to the great falls, within 14 miles of the new city. The canals at the great and little falls are nearly completed, and the locks in fuch forwardne fs. that in the courfe of the prefent year, the navigation will be entirely opened between tide water and the head branches of the Potomack, which will produce a communication by water between the city of Washington and the interior parts of Virginia and Maryland, by means of the Potomack. The Shannandoah, the South Branch, Opecan, Cape Capon, Patterson's Creek Conogocheague, and Monocafy, for upwards of two hundred miles, through one of the molt healthy, pleafant, and fertile regions in America, producing in vaft abundance, tobacco of fuperior quality, hemp, Indian corn, wheat and other small grain, with fruit and vege tables peculiar to America, in vast abundance, and equal in quality to any in the United States.

The city is divided into fquares or grand divifions, by the streets running due north, fouth. caft and weft, which form the ground work of the plan. The great leading ftreets are all one hundred and fixiy-feet wide, including a pavement of ten feet, and a gravel walk of thirty feet planted with trees on each fide, which will leave eighty feet of paved lireet for carriages. The reft of the streets are in general one hundred and ten feet wide, with a few only ninety feet, except North, South, and Eaft Capitol ftreets, which are one hundred and fixty feet. The diagonal fireets are named after the refpective States compofing the Union, while thefe running north and fouth are, from the ca pitol caftward, named Eaft Firft Street, Eaft Second Street, &c. and those* weft of it in the fame manner called Weft First Street, Weft Second Street &c. thofe running caff and weft are from the capitol northward named, Nort A Street, North B Street, &c. and those fouth of it are called South A Street, South B Street, &c. all houfes within the city muft be built of ftone or brick, and their walls must be parrallel to the streets.

The Prefident of the United States, prevailed upon the owners of the foil to cede a certain portion of the lots in every fituation, to be fold by his direction to encourage the public buildings, dig a canal and conduct water thro No. 28,