stantial evidence, to point out the editor and the translator.

It is certain that Dr. Robert Midgley held the copyright of the Turkish Spy previously to the 27 Dec. 1693. Now, there are various ways in which he might have acquired it. Was it as the author? We possess a specimen of his composition, and it utterly forbids us to ascribe to him a work of so much ability. Did he employ a person to write it? Surely the brilliant success of the work would have induced such person to throw off the mask, and claim his share of applause. There is only one other mode in which he could have acquired it., He may have purchased the inedited manuscript, and have procured the translation of it. Thus, by a new route, we arrive at the same point of conviction.

It is probable that Dr. Midgley edited the work. There are circumstances, besides his connexion with it as proprietor, which favour that opinion. He edited The History of the War of Cyprus, 1687, 8vo. It is an avowed translation, but the translation is not claimed by the editor: such is the peculiar case of the Turkish Spy. The History is said to "discover the intrigues and motions of the principal Courts of Europe:" the Turkish Spy is recommended as "discovering several intrigues and secrets of the Christian Courts."

It is probable that Mr. William Bradshaw was the translator of the entire work. Dunton describes him as the literary operative of Midgley, and recognized his style in the first volume. Now, the second and subsequent volumes are said to be translated "from the Italian by the translator of the first volume."

The question concerns, as I have before observed, the literary history of France; and as Mr. Urban is not without friends at Paris, I could wish that some employé à la Bibliothèque Royale, or some élève de l'Ecole des Chartes, would favour us with a list of all the editions of the Espion du Grand Seigneur, anterior to the year 1696, which are accessible in the numerous libraries of that capital-and also with a copy of the manuscript note, from

the printed catalogue of the royal library, which is said to be the only authority for the date of the decease of Marana. If men of letters, of whatever nation, were more disposed to interchange commodities in such a manner, the beneficial effects of it in promoting mutual riches would soon become visible.

I shall now take leave of the mysterious Mahmut. It would give me pleasure if this discussion should be the occasion of eliciting positive evidence on either side; but there is not much chance of it. In the present state of the evidence, I adhere to my hypothesis. With the most unreserved inclination to appreciate fairly the opinion of Mr. Hallam, and with gratifying recollections of his commendation and his courtesy, I cannot lose sight of certain facts to which attention has been drawn-but am willing to commit to impartial readers the task of deciding on the comparative validity of our arguments.

Yours, &c.

Miraculum pro exemplo. No. I.

"Juvenis quidam, a patre suo inter cætera monitus omni die, si posset, in honore Christi et matris ejus missam audiret, cum quodam domino inorabatur ut ei serviret. Cui quidam conservus invidens, quia carus esset domino, plusquam ipse, insidias tetendit, ut posset facere eum destrui; in tanto quod ejus dominus, qui zelotipus erat, credens servo invido ea quæ dixerat, de juvene innocente cogitavit qualiter occulte eum perderet, et statuit cum uno magistro fornacis, accensâ fornice ut primum nuntium quem ad eum mitteret in mane in fornacem projiceret. Innocens autem juvenis et inscius rei, jussu domini sui mane ad fornacem vadit, sed in itinere cum transiret, audivit missam in quâ dam ecclesiâ celebrari, et ibi moratus est, usque in finem officii divini. Interea servus invidus scire desiderans, jussu domini sui ad fornacem ivit, ut sciret, si magister fornacis implesset quod ei preceptum fuerat; cum autem magister fornacis eum vidisset, credens quod esset ille quem comburi debebat, quia primus erat, combussit eum, et sic invidus digne incidit in foveam quam alteri paraverat. Deinde juvenis innocens, finitâ missâ, ivit ad magistrum fornacis, qui dixit ei,-Vade et dic domino tuo quam bene complevi mandatum ejus ; et sic innocens juvenis a morte liberatus est; qui postea, recognitâ gratiâ, intravit religionem, et fuit deinceps servus Christi et matris ejus."

Miraculum pro exemplo. No. II.

"Quidam magister erat Parisius cui apparuit quidam ejus discipulus clericus post mortem, sicut ei præmiserat in ægritudine suâ, habens cappam totam sophismatibus scriptam : qui interrogans a magistro, in quo statu erat, respondit, quod erat in inferno, dicens quod quælibet litera, ut ei videbatur, habebat pondus unius turris, et ibidem multum cruciabatur; et hanc pænam habebat, propter vanam gloriam, quam habuerat in sophismatibus; dixit etiam, quod totus ardebat. Qui discipulus interrogatus a magistro suo,

utrum esset multum horribilis pæna, dixit ei, Porrige manum tuam, ut aliquid scias de meâ pænâ.' Tunc magister porrexit manum suam, discipulus autem stillavit unam guttam sudoris sui super palmam ejus, quæ continuo perforavit eam penitus, tanquam ferrum acutum : nec postea potuit aliquo medicamine sanari. Magister autem magnopere perterritus, intravit sanctam religionem, dicens,

Linquo ranis coax: cra corvis, vanaque vanis, Ad logicam pergo; quæ mortis non timet ergo.

Miraculum ad præmissa. No. III.

"Quidam dæmon incantatus a quodam Mago, coram eo apparuit in formam juvenis succincti, habentis coronam in capite, et chirotecas in manibus. Qui cum ad quæsita responderet, ecce quidam sacerdos cum corpore Christi transibat juxta, qui ibat ad communicandum quendam infirmum. Tunc dæmon statim posuit coronam in terrâ, et extraxit chirotecas, flectens genua, donec Presbyter transiret. In reversione Presbyteri sine Corpore Christi, cum adhuc dæmon esset ibi, flexit unum genu. Tum magus vero admirans interrogavit eum cur hoc fecisset. Qui respondit, Primo ob reverentiam Corporis Christi feci quod feci; nam scriptum est, In nomine Jesu flectatur omne genu coelestium, terrestrium, et inferorum, licet fecerim hoc coacte. In reversione autem Presbyteri cum isset sine corpore Christi, flexi tamen unum genu, propter reverentiam sacerdotii, cum Sacerdos sit in loco Christi. Et nota quod propter hoc Miraculum institutum hoc fuit statim ab Ecclesia Dei, ut omnis Presbyter cum transit cum corpore Christi, habeat secum tintinabulum, et lanternam cum lumine."

Adducit Miraculum in exemplum. No. IV.

"Quidam Miles confitens peccata sua Episcopo suo, confessus est omnia, excepto uno abominabili peccato quod erubuit confiteri, quoniam cum bonus reputaret, erubescebat tum scelus pandere; quo ab episcopo separato, quidam de familia Episcopi accessit ad ipsum tertius, et dixit ei, Nonne, domine, vidistis quod

Olla Podrida, by the Author of Peter

Simple. In 3 vols. 18mo.

THE author of Peter Simple, or, as we should prefer, of Jacob Faithful, is an exceedingly clever writer. He can describe life, sketch the manners of society, paint the scenery of nature, be witty or sententious, as may be required; and the public is indebted to him for adding richly to their stores of harmless amusement. The present volumes, in the most part, may be read with profit and pleasure. The author's travels in Belgium, his winter visit to Spa, the brief but spirited sketches of the Burmese war and people, delighted us much; and, as we always find him true and faithful in his narrative, where we can follow him with our own experience, we give him credit for the same qualities when he is exploring regions that we never visited. We could gladly make copious extracts from his work, especially from that part in which he gives an account of that singular people the Burmese, and of the future effect which they may have upon the well-being and safety of our Indian possessions; but it would, perhaps, be better to refer to the work itself, where the historical picture may be seen entire; and, as we are very fond of authentic anecdotes connected with the animal creation, and of their sagacity and resources, whether instinctive or acquired, and because the knowledge of such facts is the only ground upon which a sound and solid theory on the nature of instinct itself can be formed, we shall extract a few circumstances mentioned by Capt. Marryatt, which are probably as new to our readers as to ourselves, and which may enrich

some future edition of Mr. Jesse's Gleanings.

"Vol. 1. p. 142. I could cite an hundred instances which would prove that animals have invention, independent of the instinct handed down from generation to generation. I will, however, content myself with one instance of superior invention in the elephant, which occurred at Ceylon. Parties were employed felling timber in the forests of Candia, and this timber, after having being squared, was dragged to the depôt by a large party of elephants, who with their keepers were sent there for that purpose. This work was so tedious, that a large truck was made, capable of receiving a very heavy load of timber, which might be transported at once. This truck was dragged out by the elephants, and it was to be loaded. I should here observe, that when elephants work in a body, there is always one, who, as it were by common consent, takes the lead and directs the others, who never refuse to obey him. The keepers of the elephants and the gave their natives orders, and the elephants obeyed. But the timber was so large, and the truck so high on its wheels, timber in the truck, according to the that the elephants could not put the directions given by the men. After several attempts, the natives gave up the point, and retiring to the side of the road, as usual, squatted down, and held a consultation. In the mean time, the elephant who took the lead, summoned the others, made them drag two of the squared pieces to the side of the truck, laid them at right angles with it, lifting one end of each on the truck, and leaving the other on the ground, thus forming an inclined plane. The timber was then brought by the elephants, without any interference on the part of the keepers or natives, who remained looking on, was pushed by the elephants with their foreheads up the inclined plane, and the truck was loaded.

Here then is an instance, in which the inventive instinct of the animal-if that term may be used, was superior to the humbler reasoning powers of the men who had charge of them. *** To detail instances of memory must be superfluous, but as it does occur to me, I must give an amusing instance, how the memory of a good thrashing overcame the ruling passion of a monkey, which is gluttony, the first and only instance that I ever saw it conquered.

"I had on board of a ship which I commanded, a very large Cape Baboon, who was a pet of mine, and also a little boy, who was a son of mine. When the baboon sat down on his hams, he was about as tall as the boy was when he walked. The boy, having a tolerable appetite, received about noon a considerable slice of bread and butter, to keep him quiet till dinner time. I was on one of the carronades, busy with the sun's lower limb, bringing it in contact with the horizon, when the boy's lower limbs brought him in contact with the baboon, who, having as well as the boy a strong predilection for bread and butter, and a stronger arm to take it withal, thought proper to help himself to that to which the boy had been already helped. In short he snatched the bread and butter, and made short work of it, for it was in his pouch in a moment. Upon which the boy set up a yell, which attracted my notice to this violation of the articles of war, to which the baboon was equally amenable as any other person in the ship, for it is expressly stated in the preamble of every article, All who are in, or belonging to.' Whereupon I jumped off the carronade, and, by way of assisting his digestion, I served out to the baboon, monkey's allowance, which is, more kicks than halfpence. The master reported that the heavens indicated that it was 12 o'clock, and with all the humility of a captain of a man of war, I ordered him to make it so, whereupon it was made, and so passed that day. I do not remember how many days it was afterwards, that I was on the carronade as usual, about the same time, and all parties were precisely in the same situationthe master by my side, the baboon under the booms, and the boy walking out of the cabin with his bread and butter. As before he again passed the baboon, who again snatched the bread and butter from the boy, who again set up a squall, which again attracted my attention.-I looked round, and the baboon caught my eye, which told him plainly that he'd soon catch what was not all my eye,' and he

as

proved that he thought so, for he actually put the bread and butter back into the boy's hands. It was the only instance of which I ever know or heard, of a monkey being capable of self-denial where his stomach was concerned, and I record it accordingly.

P. 225. "I have been reading Jesse's Gleanings. Is he quite correct? I have my doubts. In one point I certainly do not agree with him, in his favourite opinion of cats. I do, however, know an instance of misplaced affection of a cat, which, although it does not add to the moral character of the race, is extremely curious for more reasons than one, and as it happened in my own family, I can vouch for its authenticity.-A little black spaniel had five puppies, which were considered too many for her to bring up. As, however, the breed was much in request, her mistress was unwilling that any of them should be destroyed, and she asked the cook whether she thought that it would be possible to bring up a pcrtion of them by hand before the kitchen fire. In reply, the cook observed, that the cat had that day kittened, and that perhaps the puppies might be substituted for her progeny. The experiment was made, two of the kittens were removed, and two puppies substituted. The cat made no objection, took to them kindly, and gradually all the kittens were taken away and the cat nursed the two puppies only. Now the first curious fact was, that the two puppies nursed by the cat, were in a fortnight as active, forward, and playful, as kittens would have been if they had the use of their legs, barked and gambolled about, while the other three, nursed by the mother, were whining and rolling about like full slugs. The cat gave them her tail to play with, and they were always in motion; they very soon ate meat, and long before the others they were fit to be removed. This was done, and the cat became very inconsolable. She prowled about the house, and on the second day of tribulation, fell in with the little spaniel who was nursing the other three puppies. Oh! oh! says puss, (putting up her back) is it you who have stolen my children. No, replied the spaniel, with a snarl, they are my own flesh and blood. That wont do, says the cat, I'll take my oath before any justice of the peace that you have my two puppies. Thereupon issue was joined, that is to say, there was a desperate combat, which ended in the defeat of the spaniel, and the cat walking proudly off with one of the puppies which she took to her own bed. Having deposited this one, she re