Gas Tar for Posts and Timber. That Gas Tar might be very beneficially used for preserving timber seems probable, yet we do not know that it has been applied to any considerable extent-probably from its not having been sufficiently tested, aud from want of a knowledge of just how to use it.

A writer in the American Agriculturist gives an account of what seems to have been careful experiments carried through a period of fourteen years. Four pieces of timber were tried, both in and out of the ground: No. 1 received no tar at all; No. 2 was boiled for half an hour in coal tar; No. 3 was coated with hot coal tar with a brush; and No. 4 treated in the same way, and covered with a coat of sand. They were all buried in garden soil to the depth of four inches. At the end of nine years, No. 1, without tar, had rotted away and disappeared; No. 3, coated with tar, had rotted very much, but still retained its form; No. 2, boiled in tar, showed signs of decay; the one coated with tar and sand was still sound. At the end of thirteen years, while the others were all decayed, the one coated with tar and sand was, to all appearances, as sound as when put there.

The same preparation was made of pieces of

tar to posts. She had previously used a brush, but found this mode too imperfect and inefficient. A tank was made of the best sheet iron, forty inches high, and over two feet in diameter. A grate of oak sticks covered the bottom inside, to support the posts and protect from accidental

blows. This tank was set on an old cook stove

placed out doors. It was then filled with posts placed on end, supported by a frame to prevent tipping the tank. It was filled with gas tar, a fire built in the stove, and the wood boiled in the

tar until well saturated-the time not stated. We may add that the wood should be thoroughly seasoned before the application, in order that the tar may enter the pores. We have no doubt that, were this work well done, (the gas coating extending some inches above the earth,) that posts of white oak or other good timber would last at least fifty years, and perhaps considerably longer.

Raising Calves.

When fresh cows sell from forty to sixty dollars each, is it not time to consider whether it will not be good policy to raise some calves, especially if we have good stock to raise from? Last season I raised two, and this spring I have

roof of an out-building. At the end of thirteen years the one without tar had rotted and blown away; a portion of the one coated with tar still remained, but rotting rapidly; the one boi.ed in tar was slightly decayed; the one with tar and sand was perfectly sound.

The writer says: "From these and various other experiments I have made, I have come to the conclusion that, while coal tar may contain little by itself that will preserve timber from rotting, it may be so mixed and combined with other substances as to prevent moisture from penetrating the pores of the wood, thereby preventing or arresting decay."

For a convenient method of making the application to posts, we give the following from the Country Gentleman :

"We have often had occasion to recommend the use of gas tar as a protection from moisture and decay. We have known an instance where acrid substances induced the complete rotting of pine boards in less than two years; when replaced with new boards, thoroughly coated with hot gas tar, they lasted fifteen years, and appeared then to be perfectly sound. The last No. of the Horticulturist gives a communication from Mrs. Shimer, of Carroll County, Illinois, who describes an excellent contrivance for applying gas

the best time to start them, as grass comes, when they will require but little care until fall.

How I Start them.-A calf that I am going to learn it to drink before than after. I have had raise I never let suck the cow; it is much easier to them drink alone, without the aid of the finger, before they were twelve hours old; and, after the second day have but little trouble with them, as they drink freely if they are in good health; beside, the great advantage is, when they are turned with the cows they never trouble them; neither have I to put straps around the nose with long nails in, to prevent their sucking, as they know nothing about it.

What I feed them.-The first two weeks I give them milk drawn from the mother of the calf; after that the cud comes, then I give them a little cake-meal, bran and salt, mixed with water, about milk-warm. It is better to scald the meal and let it soak twelve hours before feeding. If any is left, feed it to something else, and make fresh for the calves every time, as it will sour. About this time they will eat a little hay-clover is best; as soon as there is grass enough for them to get a bite, I turn them out, and I soon slack off their feed.

A small enclosure, with water and shade, is the most suitable, where horses or cows are not permitted to run.-Germantown Telegraph.

Sunday Reading.

God communicates Himself with great variety to His saints, now in this ordinance, and now in that, on purpose that He may keep up the esteem of all in our hearts. Take heed, therefore, Christian, thou neglectest any one duty. How knowest thou, but that is the door, at which Christ stands, waiting to enter into thy soul?

God's commandments hang together; they are knit and woven together, like a fine web, wherein you carnot loosen a single stitch without danger of unraveling the whole. If a man lives in the breach of any one of God's commandments, if he allows himself to indulge in any one sin, none can tell where he will stop. There is no letting any one devil into our souls, without the risk of bis going and fetching "seven other devils, wickeder than himself;" and the purer the house may hitherto have been, the more eager will they be to come and lodge in it.

It is noted by the Psalmist, as a wonder of God's mercy, that "He maketh the barren woman to keep house, and to be a joyful mother of children." It is a pity he was ever born, that holds not children a blessing; yet not simple and absolute, but according as it may prove. She hath a double favor from God, that is "a joyful mother of children:"-Many a one breeds her sorrow, breeds her death.

The Lord does not delay, as if He were unwilling to bestow; but that His gifts might increase

in their value with the increase of our desires.

A Christian congregation calling upon God, with one heart and one voice, and in one reverend and humble posture, looks as beautiful as "Jerusalem, which is at peace with itself."

Of these sweet ingredient perfumes, (Petition, Confession, and Thanksgiving,) is the incense of prayer composed, and by the Divine fire of love it ascends unto God, the heart and all with it; and when the hearts of the saints unite in joint prayer, the pillar of sweet smoke goes up the greater and fuller.

The holy angels of God are the observers of our prayers and good actions on earth, and the relaters and remembrancers of them in heaven.

Not but the All-seeing God of Himself knows and takes notice of all the good actions of men,

and records them to perpetuity in the most faith ful register of His Omniscience; but He would have His holy angels to be conscious of our good actions, not only that they might congratulate our happiness, as fellow-servants and members

with us under Christ, their and our Lord and Head, but also and especially, that they might be the witnesses of His righteous judgment at the last day, when His Son shall come in His Glory, with millions of His holy angels, to judge the world.

As if abstinence attracted that invisible influence, and (od loved to converse more with persons, that are enemies to pampering of their bodies, than with those that delight in corporal food, and choicer diet. Indeed, the more the body is cherished, the more sleepy will the soul be; and the less it is cockered and pleased, the more active will the spirit be; and I think I may lay it down, as a maxim, that the greatest reve lations and inspirations have been most vouchsafed to men that have been most given to absti

nence.

The smallest rule we lay ourselves under a necessity of observing, is of great benefit, as it teaches us some part of the government of ourselves, as it keeps up tenderness of mind, as it presents God often to our thoughts, and brings a sense of our religion into the ordinary actions of our common life.

Let us beware of that proud philosophy which affects to inculcate philantropy, while it denounces every home-born feeling, by which it is produced and nurtured. The paternal and filial duties discipline the heart, and prepare it for the love of all mankind. The intensity of private attachment encourages, not prevents, universal benevolence. The nearer we approach the sun, the more intense his heat; yet what corner of the system does he not cheer and vivify?

According to the proverb of the Jews, "Michael flies with but one wing, and Gabriel with two." God is quick in sending angels of peace, and they fly apace; but the messengers of wrath come slowly; God is more hasty to glorify His servants, than to condemn the wicked.

stock or stone, whose sloth and carelessness in He must be more stupid and senseless than a his duty, torporem et oscilantiam, is not shaken off by this one consideration, that the government of the Church is the theatre of God and angels.

In the hearing of mysteries, keep thy tongue, quiet. Five words cost Zacharias forty weeks silence. In such heights convert thy questions into wonders; and let this suffice thee the reason of the deed is the power of the doer.

Because men desire to be more great than humble, they are suffered to become vain in their imaginations.

We extract the following from the last aanual report (for 1865) of the Baltimore Board of Trade:

"Commerce, with its healing wings, has been outstretched everywhere, and our city has apparently awakened, as from a deep slumber, resolved to be no laggard in the race for the golden prize. "Since the return of peace, numerous steamship lines have been organized and put in successful operation.

"We have, through the commendable enterprise of the executive department of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, a regular semi-monthly line of good and substantial steamers plying to Liverpool; which, with the support and encouragement of our merchants and importers, cannot fail to add largely to the general interest and prosperity of our city. This is, now, the only American line of steamers to Europe, and this fact, alone, should enhance the interest of our citizens.

The Havana New Orleans Line, more recently organized, is equally worthy of commendation to its projectors, and, we believe, there is every encouragement for its complete success, under the energetic management of those in charge of the enterprise.

"To Southern ports we have numerous lines established-such as to Savannah, Ga.; Charleston, S. C.; Wilmington, N. C.; Richmond and Norfolk, Virginia. Others, much needed, are contemplated; but no further organizations have been perfected. It is all-important that every facility should be afforded to accommodate the growing trade with the South. Our merchants have superior claims, over those of other cities, for a large increase of the Southern trade-geographically nearer, and with an outlet for its productions, both by sea and rail, together with an alliance of sympathy and feeling, and with more moderate charges, generally, for the handling of merchandize and produce, than is expérienced elsewhere. In return, we claim it as our natural field for distributing our dry goods, both imported and domestic; our bacon, corn, flour, &c., as well as our manufactured articles, in many of which our city excels, especially such as relate to agriculture, steam machinery, house furnishing goods, furniture, and the like.. And, whilst we enumerate, these urgent claims for Southern trade, we are not unmindful that we have equally striking advantages, by reason of the same geographical position and our great railway system, which, stretching forth North and West, with innumerable connections, brings our city nearer, by several hundred miles, to all the leading Western markets and distributing points, than any other city on the seaboard; and there is no reason why a large increase of trade, by the interchange of commodities, may not be anticipated from this vast field; and it was for this that our great railway system was first inaugurated, and

The Tournament and Fair in Prince George's County, Md.

The fair and festival held by the ladies of the Forest, Prince George's county, Md., on the 29th and 30th of May, at Elverton Hall, for the benefit of the destitute people of the South, was 8 decided success. It was the intention of the managers to open the fair by a tournament on Tuesday, but owing to the inclemency of the weather, it was postponed to the following day. The following "knights" entered the lists:

Knight of Misfortune, H. B. B. Bowie; Knight of Ivanhoe, George N. Walker; Knight of Desdecardo, Wm. I. Berry, Jr.; Knight of St. Mary's, J. Frank Smith; Knight of the Lost Cause, W. A. Jarboe, Jr.; Knight of Spaldings, T. Semmes Tolson; Knight of Marlborough, A. T. Brooke; Knight of the Branch, Norman Hill; Knight in

Grey, Francis Jenkins; Knight of Northampton, Albert Andrews; Knight of the Forest, William Roberts; Knight of P. George's, Upton Brooke. Col. Odin Bowie was the chief marshal, and W. W.W. Bowie, Esq., delivered the opening address.

Two tilts were allowed each. At the end of which trial there was a tie between the Knight of St. Mary's and the Knight of the Lost Cause, when the contest was continued between them for three tilts more, which resulted in the Knight of St. Mary's being declared victor, and entitled to crown the Queen of Love and Beauty. The Knight of the Lost Cause, as second in the day's tourney, was declared by the judges entitled to crown the first Maid of Honor; the Knight of Marlborough the second Maid of Honor, and the Knight of Misfortune the third Maid of Honor.

The Knight of St. Mary's crowned Miss Maggie H. Bowie, of Vansville district, as Queen of Love and Beauty; the Knight of the Lost Cause crowned Miss Alice M. Hopkins, of Washington, D. C., as the first Maid of Honor; the Knight of Marlborough crowned Miss Alice Harper, of Marlborough, second Maid of Honor; and the Knight of Misfortune crowned Miss Rose Beall, of Marlborough district, as third Maid of Honor.

On Wednesday night there was a grand ball at Elverton Hall; previons to the inauguration of which Mr George C. Merrick, orator of the occasion, delivered a very eloquent address. It is expected that about $3,000 will be realized by the efforts of the ladies of Prince George's county, for the destitute people of the South.

Hale's Early Peaches.

We have received from the grower a sample of very early peach, and think the matter sufficiently worthy of attention to publish the following letter in relation thereto :

HIGHTSTOWN, N. J., June 5, 1866.

Messrs. WORTHINGTON & LEWIS :

Gentlemen: I send you by Adams' Express, a small box of Hale's Early Peaches, raised in my orchard house. This is a comparatively new variety, but is already creating a great sensation in the pomological world, on account of its earliDess. I have fruited it for the last four years in the orchard house, and also out of door, and find it all of two weeks earlier than the Troths, which has been heretofore the earliest market variety. In point of growth and hardiness, it compares favorably with the standard market varieties. The past winter, in New Jersey, was unusually severe with peaches. The Hales is the only variety in this section that escaped even with a few blossoms.

In the August number of the "Horticulturist," of 1863, there is an engraving of the Hales, with some remarks of mine concerning it. I then stated that it was from six to ten days earlier than the Troths. As it was then an entirely new variety, I wished to be perfectly safe in my statements. A longer experience with the peach, has convinced me that I was under the mark as to its relative time of ripening.

The Hales promises to be a valuable acquisition to the list of peaches, as it lengthens the peach season two weeks. Yours truly,

The Dove.

ISAAC PULLEN.

The form and manners of this bird so nearly resemble those of a pigeon, that a particular account of her is unnecessary. They are only different species of the same family, and exhibit the same general character, although they differ in Come particulars. The voice of the turtle is hoarse and plaintive, and heard frequently in the woods. It is pleasing to the ear of the husbandman, and to the lover of nature, because it announces the arrival of spring, so dear to the tenants of the forest. The sacred writers occasionally refer to the dove. "Rise up, my fair one, and come away; for lo, the winter is past; the rain is over and gone; the flowers appear on the earth; the time of the singing of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle heard in our land." The turtle dove never admits of a second mate, but lingers out her life in sorrowful widowhood. To this remarkable circumstance, these words of David

are thought by many to refer: "O deliver not the soul of thy turtle dove into the multitude of the wicked; forget not the congregation of thy poor forever." As the turtle cleaves to her mate with unshaken fidelity, so these interpreters say, Israel adhered to their God.

The dove is a harmless and simple creature, equally destitute of skill and courage for combat, and smallest of the family. She is the most proper emblem of the national imbecility into which the people of Israel had sunk, in consequence of the numerous iniquities with which they had long provoked the God of their fathers.

J. JACOB BOWER.

The Culture of Fish in England. A writer in the London Field, in treating the subject of the culture of fish at Stonnontfield, a fish-breeding establishment in England, on the River Tay, gives the following details in relation to the capacity of the establishment and of the breeding process. "The establishment of Stromontfield, with 300,000 ova each, has increased the rental of the Tay 10 per cent. Before the experiment, the annual average take of salmon and grilse was 70,000; it is now 80,000, and is still on the increase; 10,000 fish-the increase-are worth £3,000. But when we come to consider the very small number of fish from which this great increase is derived, the result can be considered nothing short of wonderful. The number allowed to escape for reproduction in the Tay is 40,000. Of these, only about 25 females are required to stock the Stromontfield breeding boxes; a proportion so small, that were they destroyed, or even ten times their number, they would not be missed. It must, indeed, be a small salmon river in which you cannot capture 25 females salmon ; and these, if properly managed, can be made to produce 10,000. This gives us some idea of the dormant wealth of our salmon fisheries. I am aware that there are many difficulties in the way, but these may be overcome when the subject comes to be thoroughly ventilated and understood. It is erroneously supposed that the great destruction of frey takes place in the sea; the destruction which takes place there is undoubtedly great-perhaps 90 to 95 per cent. of the smelts which are bred in the river; but this is as nothing when compared with that which takes place in the river, where from each thousand ova, not more than ten fry are reared to the migrating stage. By cultivation, 500 smelts can be raised from 1,000 ova. A salmon of 10 lb. weight produces in its wild and uncultivated state, five grilse or salmon; in its domestic or cultivated stage it will produce 200 to 250.

Wholesale Produce Market.

Prepared for the American Farmer by ELLICOTT & HEWEB, Produce

and Commission Merchants, 67 Exchange Place.

BALTIMORE, June 12, 1866.

BUTTER.-Ohio, in brls, and kegs, solid packed, 25 cts;

Roll, 28; Virginia and Pennsylvania in kegs and tubs,

25 to 28; Glades, 35; Goshen, 40.
BEESWAX-42 cts.

CHEESE.-Eastern, 22; Western, 18 to 20.

DRIED FRUIT.-Apples, 14 to 16 cents, and Peaches, 16

Prices were maintained under the enhanced premium
on gold last week, although European advices continue
discouraging for shipment.

FERTILIZERS-Peruvian Guano, $100 pr to:; Patapsco
Company's Soluble, $63; Rhodes' Standard Manure, $55
(bbls.,) $57.50 (bags;) Baugh's Rawbone S. Phosphate,
$55; Dissolved Bone, $55; Fine Ground do., $45; Plas-
ter, $18. The ton of 2,000 lbs.

FISH.-Mackerel.-No. 1, $19 50a20; No. 2, $18a18.50;

large new, No. 3, $16a16.50. Herrings -Shore (split,)

$6a6; Labrador, $8a9; Potomac and Susqueh'a, $7.50a8.

Codfish, new, $4a4.50.

FLOUR.-Howard Street Super and Cut Extra, $10 25a

$10.50; Family, $14.50a15.50; City Mills Super, $9.50a

9.75; Baltimore Family, $17.50.

Rye Flour and Corn Meal.-Rye Flour, new, $6.25a

6.50. Corn Meal, $4.50a4.75.

GRAIN. The general tenor of the advices indicate a

short supply of Wheat.

Wheat.-Inferior to fair Red. $2 50a2.75; prime to

choice Maryland, $3a3 07. White, $3.25a3.50 per bushel.

Corn:-White, 96a98c. for good; prime, $1. Yellow,

87a90c. per bushel. Market active.

Rye.-Small offerings. Held at $1.10 per bushel for

prime Maryland.

Oats -Heavy to light-ranging as to character from 70

a77c. per

bushel,

HAY AND STRAW.-Good supply. Timothy $19a20, and

Rye Straw $20 per ton.

MILL FEED.-Brownstuffs, 27a28c.; Middlings, light, 43

a45c; heavy, 45a48c.

PEAS AND BEANS.-Scarce. Last sale prime New York

State at $1.85a1.90 per bushel.

POTATOES.-In good supply. From vessel's side, $1.40

a1.45, for Maine and Peach Blows.

PROVISIONS.-Bacon.-Shoulders, 15a15c.; Sides, 18

18c; Hams, plain bagged, 23c.; sugar cured, 24a25c.

per lb. Buik Meat.-Shoulders, 14c ; Sides, 17% c.

SALT.-Ground Alum, $1.90a2; Marshall & Worthing-

ton's Fine, $3.25; Turk's Island, 58a60c. per bus. Rock,

$32a85 per ton.

WHISKEY-$2.30a2.32 per gallon, in barrels.

WOOL-Demand very good, and prices are better. We

quote: Unwashed, 30 to 33c. per lb.; Tubwashed, 45 to 50

cts.; Fleece, common, 40 to 43 cents; Fine, 43 to 48 cents;

Pulled, No. 1, 32 to 36 cts.; Merino Pulled, 42 to 46 cents

per lb.

CATTLE MARKET.-Common, $6a7.50; Prime Beeves,

$8a9 per 100 lbs.

Sheep-5a6% cents per lb. gross.

Hogs-$13.25a14 per 100 lbs., net.

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