THE

REPERTORY

OF

PATENT INVENTIONS.

No. 6. VOL. XIV. ENLARGED SERIES.-DECEMBER, 1849.

Specification of the Patent granted to GEORGE KNOX, of Moorgate-street, in the City of London, Secretary to the Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway Company, for Improvements in Railway Carriages.-Sealed March 19, 1849.

WITH AN ENGRAVING.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c., &c.My invention consists,

First, of a mode of manufacturing certain descriptions of railway carriages in such manner that they may collapse, offering increased elastic resistance to a concussion, and at the same time so as to put on breaks to the wheels.

Secondly, my invention consists of improvements in the buffing apparatus used with trucks and other railway carriages.

Thirdly, my invention consists of a mode of constructing an elastic draught hook, or link for railway carriages.

Fourthly, my invention consists of improvements in ventilators of railway passenger carriages.

No. 6.-VOL. XIV.

Fifthly, my invention consists of improvements in the naves of wheels of railway carriages.

Sixthly, my invention consists of improvements in the arrangement of levers, of screw couplings, of railway carriages; and,

Seventhly, my invention consists of a mode of constructing railway carriages and waggons.

Description of the Drawings.

Fig. 1, shows an elevation of a railway carriage, partly in section, consructed according to my invention.

Fig. 2, shows a plan thereof, also partly in section. The carriage has three bodies arranged for receiving passengers' luggage or other goods, but the bodies may be suitably arranged for other purposes; this part of my invention not depending on the character of the bodies of the carriages used, so long as they are at a distance apart to allow of their moving through a space without coming in contact in case of a concussion. Each body has a pair of wheels, and the several bodies are connected together by means of screw couplings, A, A, and they are to have buffing apparatus between their framings; that which I prefer are those which consist of a series of rings of vulcanized india-rubber; B, B, having plates, c, c, between them, placed on rods, D, D; but this arrangement may be varied; E, E, are sliding-bars, which are respectively fixed to the carriages or framings of the first and last bodies, as shown, and they are capable of sliding in the bearings, F, fixed to the framing of the middle body, there being brasses, G, G, within the bearings, F, F, as shown; H, H, are breaks fixed to springs, I, I; these springs being coupled by suitable screws or nuts, as shown. By this arrangement, if by reason of any concussion the bodies of the combined carriage are caused to approach each other, the breaks will be put on, and the springs, 1, will offer a resistance to the coming of the bodies more closely together; but this arrangement for putting on the breaks may be varied, so long as the coming together of the several bodies cause the breaks to be put on. In order to prevent a rebound of the parts of a carriage, so constructed after a concussion, means are to be provided for retaining the parts in the position into which they may have been driven by the first shock, and this may be done by means of strong

stops or catches, J, J, falling into and taking hold of the notches or teeth formed into the bars, K, which are connected to the framing of one body of the carriage, and slide through the framing or bearings fixed to the framing of the other body.

I will now describe the second part of my invention, which consists of improvements in the buffing apparatus to be used with trucks and other railway carriages where a large extent of elasticity is not required.

Fig. 3, shows the section of a buffing apparatus constructed according to part of my improvements. A, is a cylinder in which the hollow stem, B, of the buffer-head slides, such cylinder, A, spreading out and forming a chamber for the play of the springs, c, c, several of which are placed around a circular plate, D, and they and the part, A, are secured to the plate, D, as shown, the ends of the springs converging so as to come against the end of the hollow stem, B, of the buffer-head. The buffing apparatus is fixed to the plank, E, by means of screw-bolts and nuts, as shown. I make the parts, A, B, and D, of wrought-iron for lightness and strength.

Fig. 5, shows the section of another arrangement of buffing apparatus. In this arrangement three coiled springs are used, one within the other, which come successively into action, offering greater and greater elastic resistance, which, however, is not new separately. These springs are placed within a cylindrical chamber, a, of wrought-iron, within which the wrought-iron hollow stem, B, of the buffer-head slides, as shown; there being a fixed bar, c, which prevents the springs expanding and driving out the stem, B, too far.

Fig. 6, shows the section of means of obtaining elasticity to a draught-hook or link of railway carriages. A, is the plank through which the stem, c, of the hook or link, c, passes, and on its end is fixed a disc, c', which moves in the cylinder, B, as a piston; and within the cylinder, B, are three coiled springs, one within the other, which offer an elastic resistance to the stem, c, being drawn out; the separate springs come into action in succession, and when hard pressed on they act in conjunction to resist the drawing out of the stem, c.

The fourth part of my invention consists of improvements in ventilators for railway passenger carriages. Fig. 7, is a plan.

Fig. 8, is an internal view, with some of the parts removed to show the internal construction.

Fig. 9, is a section.

Fig. 11, is an external view; and,

Fig. 12, shows the plate with a slot in it, through which the knob of the wedge comes. D, is the moveable shutter having slots in it to correspond with the slots in the fixed shutter, E. The moveable shutter is constantly pressed on by springs, F, F, and the moveable shutter is raised with facility by means of the sliding wedge, G, the knob of which, H, passes through the slot in the plate, 1, and according as the knob is at one end or other of the slot, so will the ventilation be open or shut as indicated on the plate.

The fifth part of my invention consists of improvements in the construction of the naves of railway carriages, and consists of forming the inner ends thereof open, of a bell or conical form, by which the axles will be found to be less liable to break off at the point behind the nave, as heretofore.

Fig. 13, shows this part of my invention; a, being the axle partly in section, and B, the conical or bell-formed ends of the naves.

I will now describe the sixth part of my invention, which is shown at figs. 14 and 15, and consists of applying three weighted arms to the screw couplings of railway carriages, and which arms I make of such a length as not to require a man to get in between the carriages to screw up the couplings.

I will now describe the seventh part of my invention. Fig. 16, shows a side view of part of the framing of a railway waggon or carriage, and the novelty consists in dispensing with the use of tenons and mortices, and using in place thereof, iron sockets. The other figures show various views of the sockets employed. A, A, is the sole or under-frame; B, B, the cross-heads or end pieces; c, transverse bearers; D, D, diagonals; F, F, longitudinals; G, G, Sockets attached to the ends of the crossheads, and to the sole; H, H, are sockets for the diagonals. The other sockets, marked N, O, P, and Q, are similar to those shown at Q.

Having thus described the nature of my invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself

to the details as herein described, so long as the peculiar character of any part of my invention be retained. But what I claim is,

First, the mode of constructing railway carriages, described in respect to figs. 1 and 2.

Secondly, I claim the construction of buffers, described in respect to figs. 3 and 4, and I also claim the construction of buffers, fig. 5.

Thirdly, I claim the mode herein described of giving elastic resistance to the draught links or stems of railway carriages.

Fourthly, I claim the mode of arranging and combining the parts of ventilators of railway passenger carriages, described in respect to figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.

Fifthly, I claim the forming of the inner ends of the naves of railway wheels, bell or cone shaped.

Sixthly, I claim the application of three arms to screw couplings of railway carriages; and,

Seventhly, I claim the mode of constructing the framework of waggons and other railway carriages by dispensing with mortices and tenons, and employing iron sockets. In witness, &c.

Enrolled September 19, 1849.

GEORGE KNox.

Specification of the Patent granted to HENRY DUNINGTON, of Nottingham, Manufacturer, for Improvements in the Manufacture of Looped Fabrics, and in the making of Gloves and Hatbands.-Sealed April 3, 1849.*

WITH AN ENGRAVING.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c., &c.— My invention consists

First, of improvements in the manufacture of looped fabrics made in warp machines, whereby a raised surface may be produced on one side of such fabrics by the introduction of woollen or other materials (on one side of such fabrics) suitable for having a nap raised thereon, and subsequently raising a nap by means of wire cards or teazles.

* The words "and hatbands" have been disclaimed.