the light is obtained, up which pipes the heated currents will flow freely, and by having openings in such risingpipes, air from the apartments or rooms through which such pipes may pass will flow, and thus ventilate such places; but this is not claimed separately, this part of the invention consisting of surrounding such pipes or passages so heated with gas, with water, or it might be with other fluid, by applying external pipes, or vessels surrounding those up which the heated products flow, by which the surrounding liquid will become heated, and may be drawn off at any part for use; or the same, where the quantity of gas employed is considerable, may be so arranged as to cause the water so heated to circulate in pipes or tubes suitably arranged, as is well understood for circulating water in order to heat rooms or apartments. And in making and applying such outer pipes or vessels for containing fluid where it is desired that the air of the rooms should be induced to flow away, suitable passages into the interior tube or passage are to be formed, as before mentioned. And in cases where it is desired that the whole heat of the fluid should be delivered into one locality, and that the heat should not be given off to any room or apartment through which the pipes or passages may be necessarily conducted, then the exterior surfaces are to be clothed with felt or other non-conducting material, as is well understood.

Having thus described the nature of our invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the details herein given.

But what we claim is,

First, the means herein described for applying gas to heat water in baths; and,

Secondly, we claim the means of heating fluids by the ventilating pipes or passages used for conducting off the heated products from gas.-In witness, &c.

Enrolled September 5, 1849.

NATHAN Defries.

273

Specification of the Patent granted to JAMES WILLIAMSON BROOKE, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for Improvements in Lamps. Sealed March 14, 1849.

WITH AN ENGRAVING.

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To all to whom these presents shall come, &c., &c.My invention consists of improvements in those descriptions of lamps which generate vapour by the heat of the burners of the lamps, and thus keep up the requisite supply of vapour to the burners. And in order that my invention may be most fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.

Description of the Drawing.

Fig. 1, shows the section of a lamp having part of my improvements applied thereto.

Figs. 2 and 3, are two transverse sections of parts thereof.

a, is a glass vessel containing the spirit or matter to be vapourized; b, is a tube closed at top, except that there are two small holes, c, c, for the passage of vapour as it is generated by the heat of the tube, b, which has heat conducted to it from the burner, d, by the tube, c. The holes, c, c, are when desired covered by the plate, f, which is attached to the bent wire, g, which at its lower end is fixed to the plate or disc, h, such plate or disc being readily turned by the handle, i. The tube, b, passes through wood so as to prevent heat being conducted away from the burner. The liquid, in order to be vapourized, is conducted up by cotton or other suitable material, which ascends up the tube, b, and is retained therein by the conical plug, j, which also regulates the passage of the fluid upwards, according as such plug is more or less forced into the tube, and prevents the descent of the vapour into the vessel, a. This is the means I prefer for keeping up the supply of liquid, but in place thereof a vessel may be employed above as heretofore. e, is what I call the burner-tube, into which the jet or jets of vapour (according as one or more holes, c, c, are employed,) are No. 5. VOL. XIV.

T

received from the tube, b, and the same become mixed with air by reason of the opening, l, in the side of the tube, e, and, the vapour mixed with air rushing against the top, m, are deflected off thereby and pass out at the openings, n, and thus the vapour and air become divided into jets, and produce a series of flames, the heat of the burner being conducted by the tube, e, down to the tube, b, and thus is the liquid vapourized and a constant supply kept up to the burner.

Figs. 4 and 5, show the instrument for forcing up the fibrous material into the tube, b; by this arrangement it will be seen that this lamp differs from those heretofore made, inasmuch as the vapour being generated does not have to pass downwards through a small passage from the heated burner to the orifice of escape, and yet it retains that arrangement which is so important, viz., that the vapour and air having become mixed, are divided in numerous streams where the same are burned.

I would remark that lamps have before been made wherein the liquid to be vapourized has been raised by capillary means, and burners have before been made wherein the vapour (generated from the liquid without the employment of capillary action) after descending from the highly-heated burner, has ascended and mixed with air, and then come against a button or surface, and has been deflected off and divided into several streams, and so lighted; and I mention these matters in order to state that I do not claim either of these two systems separately, this part of my invention depending on the so arranging apparatus that the combined action of the two may be brought into action in the same lamps; and also the so arranging lamps that when no capillary means are used for the supply, the vapour shall not be caused to descend through small passages after leaving the heated burner; but, on the contrary, that the vapour shall without descending from the burner pass into a compartment to be mixed with air, and then be deflected off and divided into streams at the burner.

Fig. 6, shows the section of another burner acting similarly to that above described, but it differs therefrom, inasmuch as the vapour rises up through an inner tube, and is then deflected downwards, and descends and passes away at the side openings of the pipe or tube, k.

Fig. 7, shows a plan and part of a vertical section of another burner, k, which is to be arranged like that at fig. 1, but in place of the vapour mixed with air being caused to descend and be divided into numerous streams after striking against the top or upper part of the tube, it will rush through the slit or narrow opening formed therein, and thus produce a flat flame.

Another part of my improvements consists of improvements in the burners of pressure-lamps, that is, that class of lamp wherein the column of fluid causes it to press into the burner and be vapourized by the heat of the burner.

Fig. 8, shows a burner according to this part of the invention, the peculiarity of which is, that it is open at top, and the liquid passing into the interior, x, of the burner, ascends into the bent tube, y, and there being an opening, c, on the under side, the vapour as it is generated descends downwards, and strikes the upper part of the burner, and thus becomes mixed with air, the vapour and air then are deflected off and ignite.

Another construction of burner for such pressure-lamps is shown at fig. 9, which represents the same by a side view, a plan, and a front view, the opening outwards being so formed that the jet rushes against the surface, w, and enflaming, offers a good and cheap light.

Having thus described the nature of my invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I would remark that I do not confine myself to the details as herein described, so long as the peculiar character of either part of my invention be retained.

But what I claim is,

First, the mode of constructing lamps, described in respect to figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

I also claim the mode of obtaining a flat flame, described at fig. 7; and,

Secondly, I claim the construction of burners, described in respect to figs. 8 and 9.-In witness, &c.

JAMES WILLIAMSON BROOKE.

Enrolled September 14, 1849.

Specification of the Patent granted to JOHN SMITH, of Hare Craig, Dundee, North Britain, Factor to Lord Douglas, of Douglas, for Improvements in the Manufacture of Flour, applicable to the Making of Bread, Biscuits, and Pastry.-Sealed March 14, 1849.

WITH AN ENGRAVING.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c., &c.— My invention consists of manufacturing flour from oats, suitable for making bread, biscuit, and pastry. And in order that my invention may be most fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.

Oats are to be first dried, divested of the husks, and then to be ground in the same manner as wheat has been heretofore ground, when for making flour therefrom. And I would state that I have not found it necessary or desirable to make any alteration in this part of the process. The oats having been ground, the products are to be subjected to a dressing-engine or machine. And I have found in dressing oat-flour, in order to accommodate the process to the peculiar character of the grain and flour, that the engine should revolve at a greater speed than is usually practised when dressing wheaten-flour. And I have found it desirable that there should be an agitator in the feeding-hopper to keep the ground products agitated, as the same are fed into the dressingengine.

The drawing hereunto annexed shows a side elevation of an engine, such as I employ for dressing oat-flour; the wire-gauze used thereon is not so fine as that employed for dressing wheaten-flour. I drive the engine at the rate of about 600 revolutions per minute. Internal brushes are used, as with wheaten-flour, but the brushes scarcely touch the wire; and I do not employ external fixed brushes; a narrow hand-brush being used for that purpose. The degrees of fineness of the wire-cloth or gauze is marked in the drawing, and will not be required to be repeated here. The lower end of the engine is left open round the axis, for about eight inches diameter, to admit a free passage for air. The agitator in the hopper