GRAND COUNCIL AT ALBANY.

Berkeley, he adjudged them, with insulting tauns, to instant death. Thus perished twenty of the best citizens of Virginia. "The old fool," said Charles II., who sent him orders to desist, "has shed more blood than I did, for the murder of my father."

91

PT. II.

P'D. I.

CH. I.

15. "Bacon's rebellion" was extremely injurious to 1677. the affairs of the colony in England. A new charter, Lord Culpep which was sent over, was not favorable to the Virgin- per. ians. Lord Culpepper was made governor for life. He cared not what he made the people suffer, provided 1683. he could gain money for himself. Lord Howard, the Lord next governor, was of the same stamp.

Howard.

Five

16. It was at this period, that the Five Nations became very powerful. They had overcome all the surrounding Indians, and menaced the whites. This produced a grand council at Albany, in which Lord Peace Howard, and Colonel Dongan, the governor of New with the York, together with delegates from the northern prov- Nations. inces, met the sachems of the Five Nations. The negociations were friendly; and, in the figurative language of the Indians, "a great tree of peace was planted."

17. MARYLAND. Clayborne, in 1645, returned to 1645. Maryland, raised an insurrection, and compelled Gov- Insurrec ernor Calvert to fly to Virginia for safety. The rebel- tion in lion was, however, quelled. The next year, Calvert land. returned, and quiet was restored.

Mary

18. The reign of Puritanism in England was disastrous to Maryland. Calvert, the governor appointed by the proprietor, was obliged to surrender the government; and the Catholics, after having settled the coun- 1652. try, were shamefully persecuted in it, by the English Catholics authorities. Clayborne took advantage of this, and Per with one Josias Fendall, made a famous "disturbance," their of which little is now known, except that it involved the province in much expense.

19. Lord Baltimore was restored to his rights, by

15. How did Bacon's rebellion affect the colony in England? What governors were sent over?-16. What Indians became powerful? What council was held ?-17. Who made trouble in Maryland? 18. What did he take advantage of? Who was with him? What is known of "Fendall's disturbance ?"

ted in

own pro

vince.

92

THE DUTCH SETTLEMENTS.

PT. II. Charles II., but he died soon after. His son and sucP’D. I. cessor, soon found himself in trouble; for the English: CH. II. would not allow the Catholics of Maryland to enjoy 1675. any political rights. At the same time the people in Death of the province, wished for a greater share in the governBalti ment, than the proprietor would grant.

Lord

more.

20. James II., who succeeded Charles, was a Catholic, and he was a tyrant. He declared that there should be no charter governments, but that he should 1688. rule, according to his own sovereign will. His opWilliam pressions were such, that his people in England, and Mary. even his own family, joined against him. They placed

and

upon the throne, his daughter Mary, with her husband, William, one of the ablest statesmen of Europe

Dutch

CHAPTER II.

New York settled by the Dutch-Taken by the English.

1. WE here, commence with the early colonization of a state which ranks first in the Union, in respect to wealth and population. In 1614, a company of mer1614. chants in Holland, fitted out a squadron of several emi- ships, and sent them to trade to the country which grants Hudson had discovered. A rude fort was constructed N.York. on Manhattan Island. One of the captains, Adrian Blok, sailed through the East river, and ascertained the position of Long Island. He probably discovered Connecticut river.

found

1615.

2. The next year the adventurers sailed up the HudFortson, and on a little island, just below the present poOrange, sition of Albany, they built a small fort, naming it Fort Albany Orange. Afterwards they changed their location, and Bounded. fixed where Albany now stands.

i. e.

19. Who restored Lord Baltimore? What gave trouble to his son? 20. Who succeeded King Charles the II.? What did he declare? How did the English people bear his tyranny? CHAPTER II.-1. In what respects is New York the first state in the Union? Did the Dutch first go there as traders, or as settlers? By whom were they sent? What fort did they first build? What discoveries make? -2. What was their second fort ?

NEW NETHERLANDS.

93

P'D. I.

3. Holland was distressed by internal troubles; and T. II. families wishing to settle in the new world, were now sent over. Cottages clustered around Manhattan fort, CH. II. which was now called New Amsterdam, and the coun- 1619 try, New Netherlands. Peter Minuets was made its first governor.

to

1621

In 1627, an envoy was sent from New Netherlands to New Plymouth; friendly civilities were inter- Treaty changed; and a treaty of peace and commerce was Pilgrims. made with the Pilgrims.

with the

1629

4. A new company was made in Holland, styled "the College of Nineteen." They decreed, that, whoever should conduct fifty families to New Netherlands, the name now given by the Dutch to the whole country College between Cape Cod and Cape May, should become the of Ninepatroon, or lord of the manor; with absolute property in the lands he should colonize, to the extent of eight lands. miles on each side of the river on which he should settle.

5. De Vries conducted from Holland, a colony which settled Lewistown, near the Delaware; a small fort called Nassau, having been previously erected by the Dutch.

In consequence of disagreements among the company in Holland, Peter Minuets returned, having been superseded by Walter Van Twiller. Minuets became the leader of a colony of Swedes.

teen dis

pose of

1631.

The Dutch on the Dela

ware.

6. Governor Keift, who had succeeded Van Twiller, had an inconsiderable quarrel with the Manhattan Indians. Yet, when the Mohawks came down upon 1643. them, they collected in groups, and begged him to Keift's shelter and assist them. The barbarous Keift sent his barbarity troops; and at night murdered them all, men, women, natives. and helpless babes, to the number of a hundred.

7. Indian vengeance awoke. No English family within reach of the Algonquins was safe. The Dutch

3. Why were families now willing to leave Holland? Where did they settle? What name give to the fort? To the country? Who was the first governor? Where did they send an envoy? 4. What new company was formed in Holland? What did they decree? 5. What colony was led by De Vries? What account can you give of Peter Minuets? Who was the next governor?-6. Who the next? How did he treat the Indians ?

to the

94

P'D. I.

EARLY MOVEMENTS IN DELAWARE.

PT. II. villages were in flames around, and the people fleeing to Holland. In New England, all was jeopardy and CH. II. alarm. The Dutch troops defended themselves, having Ven placed at their head, Captain Underhill, who had beer geance of expelled from Massachusetts. At this time, it is sup Indians. posed, occurred a bloody battle at Strickland's plain, in Greenwich, Connecticut. The Mohawks were 1645. friendly to the Dutch, and, at length, peace was made Peace. by their interference.

the

Keift.

8. Keift, execrated by all the colonies, was remand1648. ed to Holland; and, on his return, perished by shipDeath of wreck on the coast of Wales. Stuyvesant, who succeeded to his office, went to Hartford; and there entered 1650. into negociations, by which the Dutch claims to Connecticut were relinquished.

Stuyve

sant.

conquer

9. The Dutch had built Fort Casimir on the site of New Castle, in Delaware. The Swedes conceiving 1664. this to be an encroachment on their territory, Rising, Swedes their governor, by an unworthy stratagem, made himed by the self its master. In 1655, Stuyvesant, acting by orders Dutch. received from Holland, embarked at New Amsterdam, with six hundred men, and sailing up the Delaware, he subjugated the Swedes. New Sweden was heard of no more; but the settlers were secured in their rights of private property, and their descendants are among the best of our citizens.

The

10. Many emigrants now came to New Netherlands, from among the oppressed, the discontented, and the enterprising of other colonies, and of European na1654. tions. At length the inhabitants sought a share of people political power. They assembled, and by their delecivil gates, demanded that no laws should be passed, except rights with the consent of the people. Stuyvesant treated the request rudely, and dissolved the assembly.

claim

11. But popular liberty, though checked here, prevailed in the adjoining provinces; and they conse

successor ?

7. What was the consequence of his cruelty? What occurred in Connecticut?-8. What happened to Keift? Who was his What did he do?-9. Give an account of the contest between the Swedes and Dutch?-10. By what persons were their numbers in New Netherlands increased? What did the people now seek? How did the governor treat them?-11. Which prospered most, the places where the people's rights were respected, or those where they were not?

NEW AMSTERDAM BECOMES NEW YORK.

95

quently grew more rapidly, and crowded upon the PT. II. Dutch. The Indians made war upon some of their P'D. I. villages, especially Esopus, now Kingston; and New C. Netherlands could not obtain aid from Holland. The New States General had given the whole concern into the Netherhands of "the Nineteen," and they refused to make troubled needful advances.

lands

N. Am

surrend

ered to

12. Charles II. had granted to his brother James, then Duke of York and Albany, the territory from the banks of the Connecticut to those of the Delaware. Sir Robert Nichols, was dispatched with a fleet to take possession. He sailed to New Amsterdam, and sud- sterdam denly demanded of the astonished Stuyvesant, to give up the place. He would have defended his post if he the Eng could. But the body of the people, preferred the Eng- Sept. 3, lish rule to that of the Dutch; the privileges of English- 1664 men having been promised them. Nichols, therefore, entered, took possession in the name of his master, and called the place New York.

13. A part of the English fleet, under Sir George Carteret, sailed up the Hudson to Fort Orange, which surrendered and was named Albany. The Dutch fort on the Delaware was also taken by the English. The rights of property were respected, and a treaty was made with the Five Nations. The whole line of coast, from Acadia to Florida, was now in possession of the English.

lish,

The

Dutch

forts a

surrend ered.

CHAPTER III.

Pennsylvania and its Founder.

1. WILLIAM PENN, the great and good man, to whom Pennsylvania owes its origin, was the son of

11. What troubles were made by the Indians? - - 12. What territory was granted? To whom? Whom did he send to take the country? What were the circumstances of the surrender? 13. What other places were taken by the English?

CHAPTER III. 1. What kind of person was William Penn Of which of the states is he the founder?