76 THE FIRST UNIVERSITY OF THE NEW WORLD. PT. I. arrived from London, and Mr. Hooker, desirous to preP’D. III. pare minds for political as well as religious union, reCH. II. crossed the wilderness from Hartford. Mrs. HutchinMrs. H. son's opinions were unanimously condemned by the banished. synod; and herself, and the most determined of her adherents were banished. 3. The unfortunate woman, excommunicated from the church, became an outcast from a society, which 1638, had but now followed and flattered her. She went to first to Rhode Island, to join the settlement, which her 1643. followers had there made. From thence, she removed Mrs. H. with her family to the state of New York, where she destroyed. met death in its most appalling form; that of an Indian midnight massacre. gins a 4. One of the earliest cares of the Puritan fathers, was to provide the means of instruction for their chil dren. At the general court in September, 1630, the 1630. sum of four hundred pounds was voted to commence Mass. be- a college building, at Newtown, now called Camcollege. bridge. In 1638, Mr. John Harvard, a pious divine 1638. from England, dying at Charlestown, left to the college Mr. Har- a bequest of nearly eight hundred pounds; and gratibequest. perpetuated his name in that of the institution. All the several colonies cherished the infant seminary, by contributions; regarding it as a nursery, from which the church and state, were to be replenished with qualified leaders. vard's Follow tude 5. RHODE ISLAND. The most respectable of the banished followers of Mrs. Hutchinson went south, 1638. headed by WILLIAM CODDINGTON and JOHN CLARKE ers of The latter had been persecuted as a baptist. By the Mrs. H. influence of Roger Williams, they obtained from Mi R. I. antonomoh the noble gift of the island of Aquetneck, obtain called RHODE ISLAND, on account of its beauty and fertility. Here they established a government, on the principles of political equality and religious toleration. Coddington was made chief magistrate. 2. What was done in regard to Mrs. Hutchinson ? -3. Wha became of her? 4. What was done in regard to the education of the young? Who was John Harvard? For what is he remembered?-5. Who gave away the island of Aquetneck? To whom? What name was given to it? On what principles was government established? NEW HAMPSHIRE-DELAWARE. 77 P'D. III. 1629. 6. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Another portion of the dis- PT. 1. ciples of Mrs. Hutchinson, headed by her brother-inlaw, Mr. Wheelright, went north; and, in the valley CH. IX. of the Piscataqua, founded Exeter. It was within a tract of country lying between that river and the Mer- Mr. rimac, which Wheelright claimed by virtue of a pur- Wheel chase made of the Indians. This claim interfered with Indian that conveyed by patent to Mason and Gorges, and patent. was accordingly disputed. New 7. In the meantime, small, independent settlements, were made along the water courses, by emigrants from Massachusetts and the other colonies; but they did not flourish, for they imprudently neglected the culture of 1641. their lands,-present necessities being scantily supplied Hamp by fish and game. In 1641, these settlements, induced shire setby a sense of their weakness, petitioned Massachusetts to receive them under its jurisdiction. The general court granted their request, and they were incorporated with that colony. tlements. Swedes They set 8. DELAWARE.. Gustavus Adolphus, the hero of his age, projected, in 1627, a colony of his subjects 1627. from Sweden and Finland. About ten years after- and Fins. wards they came over headed by Peter Minuets, and the on the settled at Christina Creek, on the west side of the 1638. Delaware, calling that river Swedeland-stream, and the country, New Sweden. Delaware The 9. Though this was the first effectual settlement, yet the Dutch had, in 1629, purchased of the natives. a tract of land extending from Cape Henlopen to the mouth of the Delaware river. A small colony con-1629. ducted by De Vries, came from Holland, and settled Dutch near Lewistown. They perished by the savages; originates but the Dutch continuing to claim the country, dissensions arose between them and the Swedish emigrants. What claim had 6. Who founded Exeter? Where is it? Mr. Wheelwright to the land? Who disputed his claim?— 7. What further may be said of New Hampshire at this early day ?--8. What eminent person projected a colony to America? Where did the Swedes and Fins settle ?-9. Had there been a settlement of the Dutch near? What became of the Dutch colony? claim 78 FOUNDERS OF MARYLAND. P'T. I. P'D. III. CHAPTER X. Maryland-Virginia. 1. MARYLAND. In 1631, William Clayborne obtained from Charles I. a license to traffic, in those parts of America, for which there was not already a patent 1631. granted. Clayborne planted a small colony, on Kent island, in Chesapeake bay. more's 2. George Calvert, afterwards LORD BALTIMORE, Ld. Balti- was of the Roman Catholic faith. To enjoy his religion patent. unmolested, he wished to emigrate to some vacant (*Maine tract in America. He explored the country, and then called returned to England. The Queen, Henrietta Maria, from an daughter to Henry IV. of France, gave to the territory of this which he had selected, the name of MARYLAND, and queen, Lord Baltimore obtained it by a royal patent. was so estate situated Maine, in 3. He died at London in 1632, before his patent France.) passed to a legal form; but his son, Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, by the influence of Sir Robert April 15, Cecil, obtained the grant intended for his father. By 1632. this patent he held the country from the Potomac to the 40th degree of north latitude; and thus, by a mere act of the crown, what had long before been granted to Virginia, was now taken away; as what was now granted was subsequently given to Penn, to the extent of a degree. Hence very troublesome disputes arose. Nov. 4. Lord Baltimore appointed as governor his brother, Calvert Leonard Calvert, who, with two hundred emigrants, sails, sailed near the close of 1633, and arrived at the Poto1633. mac early in 1634. Here they purchased of the naArrives tives, Yamaco, one of their settlements, to which was 634. given the name of St. Mary. Calvert secured by this pacific course, comfortable habitations, some improved lands, and the friendship of the natives. Feb. 1. What was done by William Clayborne ?-2. Why did Lord Baltimore wish to leave England? Who named his territory after herself? 3. Did the first Lord Baltimore receive the patent? What did his son obtain ? What country did this patent include ? 4. Who conducted the first colony to Mary land? What judicious course did he pursue? TROUBLES IN MARYLAND 79 5. The country was pleasant, great religious free- P'T.1. dom existed, and a liberal charter had been granted. P'D. III This allowed the proprietor, aided by the freemen, to cu.x. pass laws, without reserving to the crown the right of rejecting them. Emigrants accordingly soon flocked to the province, from the other colonies, and from England. Generos ity and 6. Thus had the earliest settlers of this beautiful portion of our country established themselves, without the sufferings endured by the pioneers of former settlements. The proprietary government, generally so detrimental, proved here a nursing mother. Lord Baltimore expended for the colonists, within a few years, grati forty thousand pounds; and they, "out of desire to return some testimony of gratitude," voted in their assembly, "such a subsidy, as the low and poor estate of the colony could bear." tude. 7. Lord Baltimore invited the puritans of Massachusetts to emigrate to Maryland, offering them "free 1642 liberty of religion." They rejected this, as they did Lord B. a similar proposition from Cromwell, to remove to the the puriWest Indies. invites tans. to 1643. 8. The restless, intriguing Clayborne, called the evil genius of Maryland, had been constantly on the alert to establish, by agents in England, a claim to the country, and thus to subvert the government of the 1635, good proprietary. In his traffic with the natives, he had learned their dispositions, and wrought them to jealousy. In England, the authority of the long Parliament now superseded that of the king. Of this, Clayborne, and other disorderly subjects of Lord Baltimore, took advantage. Thus the fair dawn of this rising settlement was early overcast. Sir 9. VIRGINIA. In 1621, Sir Francis Wyatt arrived 1621. as governor, bringing from the company in England a Francis more perfect constitution for the colony. It contained Wyatt. 5. What inviting circumstances drew emigrants ?-6. What may be said of the proprietary government? How much did Lord Baltimore expend for the colony? Did they testify any gratitude? 7. What did Lord Baltimore offer the Puritans?-8. What was Clayborne called? What were some of his plans to injure the proprietor? 9. Who arrived in Virginia? What did he bring? P'T. I. Some seeming concessions to the people, which not PD. III. only gratified the settlers, but encouraged emigrants; CH. X. and a large number accordingly accompanied Governor Wyatt to the province. 10. This year, cotton was first planted in Virginia, Cotton and the plentiful coming up of the seeds," was regarded by the planters with curiosity and interest. first planted. 11. Opechancanough, the brother and successor of Powhatan, had determined to extirpate the whites, and regain the country. For this purpose he formed a spirary conspiracy to massacre all the English; and during A con four years, he was, secretly, concerting his plan. To each tribe its station was allotted, and the part it was to act prescribed. 12. On the 22d of March, 1622, at mid-day, they rushed upon the English, in all their settlements, and butchered men, women, and children, without pity or remorse. In one hour, nearly a fourth part of the 1622. whole colony was cut off. The slaughter would have Indians been universal, if compassion, or a sense of duty, had not moved a converted Indian, to whom the secret was communicated, to reveal it to his master, on the night before the massacre. This was done in time to save Jamestown and the adjacent settlements. massacre 300. 13. A bloody war ensued. The English, by their arms and discipline, were more than a match for the Indians; and they retaliated in such a manner as left The the colonies for a long time free from savage molestaretaliate. tion. They also received a considerable accession of territory, by appropriating those of the conquered natives. whites 14. In 1624 the London company, which had set1624. tled Virginia, was dissolved by King James, and its L. Com. rights and privileges returned to the crown. Gover dissolved and Va. nors were sent over by Charles I. the successor of a royal province James, who were oppressive; and the Virginians resisted their authority. Sir William Berkeley was sent over in 1641. The colonists were, under him, con 9. What effect had these concessions?-10. When was cotton first planted in Virginia? 11 & 12. Give an account of the Indian massacre ? 13. What was done in retaliation? 14. What became of the London company? Under whom vs Virginia then? What can you say of the royal governors? |