THE DOWNFAL OF A CHIEF. 101 tors, governor, and in the next year, 1681, he sum- P’T. II. moned the first general assembly held in West Jersey: P'D. I. In 1682, the people, by the advice of Penn, amended CH. v. their government. Contrary to the wishes of the proprietors, the next year they proceeded to elect their First own governor. 1681. general assembly CHAPTER V. Miantonomoh-Rhode Island and Connecticut obtain Charters- 1. DURING the reign of Puritanism in England, the New England colonies enjoyed a happy season of liberty and peace. This was occasionally interrupted, by fears of the savages, who sometimes manifested their warlike propensities. Sometimes they attacked and destroyed each other. Mianto 2. Miantonomoh sought the life of Uncas, because he was aware that he could not make him unite in a conspiracy, which he was exciting against the whites. 1643 A Pequod whom he hired, wounded the Mohegan nomoh chief, and then fled to him for protection. He refused seeks the > surrender the assassin to the demand of the court Uncas at Hartford, but dispatched him with his own hand. life of 3. Miantonomoh drew out his warriors openly against Uncas, in violation of a treaty, to which the authorites of Connecticut were a party. Uncas met Bloses and vanquished him by a stratagem, and took him he or prisoner; but he resigned him to the court. They deliberated, and then returned the noble savage to his captor. Uncas killed him,-without torture, but with eircumstances of cannibal barbarity. 10. What did Billinge in 1681? What did the people the next year? The next after this? CHAPTER V-1. How did the reign of Puritanism in Englana affect New England?-2. Give an account of the beginning o the war between Miantonomoh and Uncas?-3. Of the close of the contest? 102 P'T. II. P'D. I, 1651. CHARTERS. Rhode 4. Roger Williams was now the Father of Rhode Island, as he had formerly been the Founder. He CH. V. twice crossed the ocean, and at length succeeded in obtaining a charter, including the islands, and confirming the limits of the state, as they now exist. first in Island, if not great in territory, is rich, in the fame of religious having been the first to set the example, since followed by the nation at large, of entire "soul-liberty" in matters of religion. R. Island free dom. 5. When Charles II. was restored, his power was acknowledged in New England; but the colonies had melancholy forebodings. Yet the authorities of Connecticut, by the eminent Winthrop, even at this difficult period, successfully applied to the court of England for a charter. They plead, that they had obtained obtains a their lands, by purchase, from the natives, and by conquest from the Pequods, who made on them a war of extermination; and they had mingled their labor with the soil. 1662. Conn. charter. 6. Winthrop appeared before the king with such a gentle dignity of carriage, and such appropriate conversation, as won the royal favor. It is said he brought to the mind of Charles some interesting recollections, throp and the by the present of a ring, which had been given to his ring. grandfather as a pledge, by an ancestor of the monarch. Win 7. The king granted a liberal charter, which included New Haven. That province, however, had not been consulted, and justly felt aggrieved; as a relinquish1665. ment of its separate existence was thereby required. New But at length, the great expediency of the measure united becoming fully apparent, the union of New Haven with with Connecticut was completed. Winthrop was chosen governor. He received seventeen annual elections. Haven Conn. 8. Colonel Nichols, who was sent over to command the expedition against New Netherlands, was one of 4. What charter was obtained for Rhode Island? For what is Rhode Island distinguished?-5. By whom did the people of Connecticut apply for a charter? What reasons did they plead? 6. How did Winthrop behave?-7. What kind of a charter was obtained? How was it with respect to New Haven? Who was chosen governor ?-8. What can you say of Colonel Nichols ? JOHN ELLIOT. 103 four commissioners, who had been appointed by the PT. II. king, not only for conquering the Dutch, but for hum- P'D. I. bling the colonies. The people felt much aggrieved. CH. v. Massachusetts resisted every exercise of their power, Nichols, and two of their number, Carr and Cartwright, left Maverick, Carr the country in high displeasure. and Cart 9. This was the period of the labors of John Elliot, wright. called the apostle of the Indians. He beheld with pity the ignorance and spiritual darkness of the savages, and determined to devote himself to their conversion. J. Elliot. He first spent some years in the study of their language. The General Court of the province passed an order requesting the clergy to report the best means 1646. of spreading the gospel among the natives; and Elliot first took this occasion to meet with the Indians at Nonan- meeting tum, a few miles west of Boston. His meetings for with the religious worship and discourse were held, whenever favorable opportunities could be found or made. Elliot's Indians. 10. His efforts to teach the natives the arts and usages of civilized life, were also unremitted and arduous; "for civility," it was said, "must go hand in hand with Christianity." These efforts and their effects, exhibit the children of the forest in a most in- Indians teresting point of view, and show the transforming power of the gospel. Their dispositions and lives underwent a real change. Some of their numbers became teachers, and aided in the conversion of others. convert ed. 11. In 1655, Elliot had completed his translation of the New Testament into the Indian language, and in two years more the old was added. Thus the mighty labor of learning the difficult tongue of the Indians, 1657. of making from its oral elements, a written language, Elliot and that of translating the whole Bible, was, by zeal pletes his and persevering labor, accomplished. It was the first transla Bible printed in America. But both the Indian and the Bible his language are now extinct, and Elliot's Bible is a mere literary curiosity. 8. How did the people feel? Which colony resisted? What did two of the commissioners?-9. What was John Elliot called? Give an account of the beginning of his labors? — 10. Did Elliot teach the natives any thing but religion? What success had he? - 11. What great labor did Elliot perform in respect to the Bible? com tion of 104 P'T. II. P'D. I. THE GREAT INDIAN CHIEF. "pray 12. In 1674, there were fourteen towns of ". ing Indians," and six gathered churches. The Indian converts had much to encounter. Their great chiefs Number hated Christianity. Although it made their subjects of pray- willing to do the right, yet it set them to reflect; and Indians. thus to find out, that there was a right for them to have, 1674. as well as to do. This tended to subvert the absolute ing arbitrary sway, which the sachem, however he might allow it to slumber, did actually possess; and which he naturally felt unwilling to relinquish. Of these chiefs, Philip of Pokanoket, was peculiarly the foe of the Christian religion. CHAPTER VI. King Philip's War.-Destruction of the Narragansetts and Pokanokets. 1. PHILIP was the younger of the two sons of Massasoit. He had become embittered against the English, by the death of his brother, which he ascribed to Philip' them; and though he was thus left sole chieftain of ment. the Pokanokets, yet he deeply felt his loss, and bitterly resented it. resent 2. The extension of the English had alarmed the savage nations. The new race, whom their fathers received, when a poor and feeble band, were now gradually spreading themselves over the land, and assuming to be its sovereigns. But the natives were yet Jealous numerous, and, by union, they might extirpate the whites, and regain the country. Thus thought Philip, hostile. as he secretly plotted, to bring to pass, his cruel designs. Indians and 12. How many towns were there of the "Praying Indians ?" What feelings and opinions had the great chiefs? Who in par. ticular was hostile ? CHAPTER VI.-1. Why was Philip embittered against the Eng lish? 2. What alarmed the savages? What did Philip think and do? KING PHILIP's war. 105 3. The Narragansetts, so long friendly, were now p't. 11 under the rule of Conanchet, the son of Miantonomoh; P'D. I. and doubtless he remembered the benefits, which his father had bestowed upon the whites, and their refusal to hear his last plea for mercy. CH. 71. Sausa man's 4. Sausaman, one of the natives whom Elliot had instructed in Christianity, gave to the English, intimations of Philip's designs. Sausaman was soon after disclomurdered. On investigation, the Plymouth court found sure and that the murder was committed by three of Philip's most intimate friends; and forthwith they caused them to be executed. death. 5. On the 20th of June, Philip's exasperated warriors attacked Swansey, in New Plymouth. The colonists appeared in defence of the place, and the Indians fled. The English force marched into the Indian 1675. towns, which, on their approach, were deserted. But June 24, the route of the savages was marked, by the ruins of Swansey buildings, which had been burned, and by the heads and hands of the English, which were fixed upon poles by the way-side. The troops, finding that they could not overtake them, returned to Swansey. 6. The commissioners of the colonies, meeting at Boston, were unanimous in deciding that the war must be prosecuted with vigor, and each colony furnish means, according to its ability. Of the thousand men which they determined to send immediately into the field, Massachusetts was to furnish five hundred and twenty-seven, Connecticut three hundred and fifteen, and Plymouth one hundred and fifty-eight. Subsequently the commissioners voted to raise double this number. attacked. July 5, The Congres raise an army. Compa 7. The army was sent from Swansey into the country of the Narragansetts, and negociating, sword in hand, with that confederacy, on the 15th of July, a treaty of peace was concluded. It was stipulated peace. 3. Who was Conanchet? What was his disposition towards the English? -4. How did the English become acquainted with Philip's designs? What did the Plymouth court?-6. When and where did Philip begin the war? What measures did the colonists pursue? -6. What ground did the commissioners take? How was the number of men, to be raised, ap. portioned ?-7. Where was the army sent? What treaty was made? the Nar. to make |