Sandusky," while the distance to Black River is at least twenty-five miles, but this is probably an inaccuracy of Smith's memory—his Journal having been published after an interval of more than forty years.

V.
(Page 247.)

CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTS OF THE INDIAN HOSTILITIES OF 1774.

In the first volume of the fourth series of the American Archives, occurs the following contemporary allusions to the border war, commenced or precipitated by the massacre of Logan's family:

A communication to Lord Dunmore, dated March 24, 1774, speaks of the unhappy murder near the Ohio, not long before, of "young Russell," by a Cherokee chief, and anticipates further hostilities. (Page 278.)

Extracts are given from a "Journal of the United Brethren's Mission on the Muskingum." These mention a rumor, May 6, 1774, from Mochwesung, a Munsie village, that a Shawanese chief was killed on the Ohio, by white people, and another wounded. May 8, the journal states that "an express arrived from Gekelemuckepuck with the disagreeable news, that the white people on the Ohio had killed nine Mingoes and wounded two." (p. 283.) May 24, David Zeisberger writes (p. 284) that twenty Shawanese warriors from Woakatameka had gone to make an incursion where the Mingoes we killed, but that the lower Shawanese were peaceable and had protected the traders. The missionary adds, "we are more than 200 souls in Schoenbrun, besides the congregation at Gnadenhutten."

were

John Heckewelder was an Englishman by birth, and it is barely possible that he is "the Cosh, alias John Bull," who thus writes from the Muskingum Mission on the 24th of May:

66

About three weeks ago, John Jungman and myself were at Fort Pitt. On the way thither, we heard that three Cherokee Indians, going down the river, had killed one trader and wounded another, and plundered the canoe: the traders had imprudently shewn their silver things they had for trading. In the Fort, we heard that the Mingoes had stolen that night fifteen horses, and that they were all gone off from below Logtown. The white people began to be much afraid of an Indian war. We hastened to get home again, and after our return, received the news that a company of Virginians, under one Cresap, enticed some of the Mingoes, living at the mouth of Yellow Creek, to the other side of the river, and gave them rum to make them drunk, and then they killed five; two others, crossing the river to

look after their friends, were shot down as soon as they came ashore. Five more were going over the river, whom they also waylaid, but the Indians perceiving them, turned their canoe to make their escape, but being immediately fired at, two were killed and two wounded. The day following they killed one Shawanese and one Delaware Indian, in a canoe down the river with two traders. The same party killed John Gibson's wife, a Shawanese woman; they further pursued a canoe, killed a Shawanese chief, and wounded another man. They said they would kill and plunder all that were going up and down the river. But they soon fled and left the poor settlers as victims to the Indians; many are fled and left all their effects behind. The Mingoes took their way up Yellow Creek, and struck our road just where it turns off from the road to Gekelemuckepuck, where they hunted for ten days to catch some traders, but as the Delawares had found them out, they stopped the traders from going that road. The Mingoes having sent word to the Shawanese, they fetched them to their town, Woakatameka, where they had a council of war. * ** We are in great distress, and don't know what to do; our Indians keep watch about us every night, and will not let us go out of town, even not into our corn fields. If there should be more bad news, we will be forced to move from here, for we are in danger from both sides. I heard from some, that if the white brethren should be forced to leave them, the greatest part would return to the Susquehanna. But if only the Delawares continue in their peaceful mind, it may go better than we now think. At the council at Woakatameka, were several head men of the Delawares present, who live at Schoenbrun and Gnadenhütten, being particularly sent for by Netawatenees, to assist them in the good work of preserving peace. The chief addressed the Shawanese and Mingoes present in a fatherly manner, shewing unto them the blessing of peace and folly of war; and pressed it very much upon their reason, what misery they would bring upon themselves and others by their madness, and told them positively that they had not to expect any help or assistance from the Delawares, and enjoined them very earnestly not to stop the road to Philadelphia, but to let it be free and open. The Shawanese gave him in answer, they did believe his words to be good, and they would take notice of them, and desired him to give also a fatherly admonition to their wives to plant corn for them; which he did, but they seemed more inclined to move off than to plant." (p. 285.)

May 29, Arthur St. Clair writes to Gov. Penn from Ligonier. He had lately been to Pittsburgh. Capt. White Eyes protected Duncan, a trader, from the hostile Shawanese, keeping him at Newcomerstown. Cresap and Greathouse killed thirteen Indians. Cresap declares publicly that he acted by Connolly's orders. (p. 286.)

From a speech of the Shawanese, it appears that Cornstalk sent his brother to accompany and protect the traders to Pittsburgh. (p. 288.)

A newspaper publication at Philadelphia, dated May 23, 1774, gives the following version of the affair at Yellow Creek, on the authority of "Capt. Crawford and Mr. Neville, of Virginia:"

"That a number of Indians encamped at the mouth of Yellow Creek, opposite to which two men named Greathouse and Baker, with some others, had assembled themselves, at a house belonging to the said Baker, and invited two men and two women of the Indians over the creek to drink with them, when, after making them drunk, they killed and scalped them; and two more Indian men then came over, who met with the like fate. After which six of their men came over to seek their friends, and on approaching the bank, where the white men lay concealed, perceived them, and endeavored to retreat back, but received a fire from the shore, which killed two Indians, who fell in the river; two fell dead in the canoe, and a fifth was so badly wounded that he could hardly crawl up the bank." Among the unfortunate sufferers was an Indian woman, wife to a white man, one of the traders; and she had an infant at her breast, which these inhuman butchers providentially spared and took with them. Mr. Neville asked the man who had the infant, if he was not near enough to have taken its mother prisoner without killing her. He replied that he was about six feet from her, when he shot her exactly in the forehead, and cut the hoppase with which the child's cradle hung at her back; and he thought to have knocked out its brains, but remorse prevented him, on seeing the child fall with its mother. This party further informed them, that after they had killed these Indians, they ran off with their families, and that they thought the whole country was fled, as Cresap, who was the perpetrator of the first offence, was then also on his way to Red Stone. (p. 345.)

A letter from Fort Pitt, June 19, 1774, says: "We have an account of Logan's being returned to the Shawanese towns, and that he took with him thirteen scalps." (p. 429.)

A letter from Pittsburgh, June 24, states that one of the Shawanese escort of the traders was shot near the mouth of Beaver Creek, by a party of twelve whites sent out by Connolly. (p. 449.)

"Newcomerstown" also mentioned-also Snakestown, on the Muskingum. (p. 464.)

A letter from Devereux Smith (Pittsburgh, June 10), mentions a complaint by the Shawanese “down the Ohio," that Connolly's militia had fired on their camps at the mouth of Sawmill Run, on the 25th of January—that Butler's canoe was attacked by the Cherokees on the 16th of April-that the attack on the second canoe by the whites under Cresap, was on the 27th of April; and about the same time a party headed by one Greathouse, had barbarously murdered and scalped nine Indians at the house of one Baker, near Yellow Creek, about fifty-five miles down the river." The letter reports White Eyes as stating that “a Mingo man named Logan (whose

family had been murdered in the number), had raised a party to cut down the Shawanese town traders at Canoe Bottom, on the Hockhocking Creek, where they were pressing their peltry. On the 6th of June, an account was received of a family of eight killed on Monongahela by Logan's party." (p. 467)

The following persons, described as "chiefs of the Delawares," concur in pacific assurances, dated "Newcomerstown, June 21st, 1774:" King Newcomer, White Eyes, Thomas McKee, Epaloined, Neolige, Killbuck, William Anderson, and Simon Girty. (p. 545.)

Carlisle, June 30, 1774.

scalps and one prisoner.

"Logan's party has returned, and had thirteen Logan says he is now satisfied for the loss of his relations, and will sit still until he hears what the Long Knife (the Virginians) will say."-(John Montgomery to Gov. Penn, p. 546.)

Speech of friendly Delawares refers to towns on Muskingum, as Kakelellamapeking, Gnadenhütten and Tripiakeng, and mentions a Shawanese chief, Keesmatela, as hostile. (p. 680.)

In a letter of Col. Wm. Preston, dated Fincastle, August 13, 1774, the name of Jacob Sodousky is mentioned, as one of a surveying party on the Kentucky River, that had been in danger from an Indian attack. (p. 707.) It has been supposed that the word Sandusky was derived from the father of this person, who was a native of Poland, and had traded in Northwestern Ohio about 1740, losing his life while returning from an excursion thither; but there is evidence (see Appendix No. I) that as early as 1720, Lac San dou ske is found on European maps.

At Lord Dunmore's conference with the Ohio Indians (probably) at Fort Pitt, in October, King Custaloga, and Captains White Eyes and Pipe, Delawares, and Captains Pluggy and Big Apple Tree, Mohawks, were present. There is an allusion, by Pipe, to the "Standing Stone, near the Lower Shawanese towns"-now Lancaster, Fairfield county.

During Dunmore's campaign, Capt. William Crawford was sent with a detachment to destroy a Mingo town. He did so, making the prisoners afterwards taken to Pittsburgh.

VI.
(Page 263.)

FURTHER PARTICULARS OF CONNOLLY'S SCHEME.

It is mentioned in Sabine's American Loyalists, p. 225, that this noted character was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and was bred a physician. His Revolutionary movements are thus detailed in American Archives, Fourth Series:

In a letter to John Gibson, dated Portsmouth, August 19, 1775, Connolly urged the former to "avoid an over-zealous exertion of what is now ridicu lously called patriotic spirit;" including a speech from Lord Dunmore to Captain White Eyes, which was immediately handed by Gibson to the Committee of West Augusta. (Vol. iii. p. 72.)

On the 5th November, 1775, Lord Dunmore commissioned John Connolly, Lieut. Col. of the Queen's Rangers. Afterwards Connolly was arrested and confined at Fredericktown, Md. On the 16th of December, he wrote to Captain Lernoult, at Detroit, and Captain Lord, on the Illinois, intimating that his intention had been to penetrate to Detroit, and thence conduct an expedition through Virginia, thus dividing the Southern from the Northern governments. These letters were sent by one Dr. Smyth.

This J. F. D. Smyth, in his "Tour,” says: “It was proposed that I should pass through Pittsburgh, with despatches to Mr. McKee, the Indian Superintendent, and to some other friends of Government, then proceed down the river Ohio to the mouth of the Sciota, and from thence up that river, through the Shawanese, Delawares and Wyandots, and down Sandusky River to Sandusky Old Fort; from thence I was to cross Lake Erie, by the Rattlesnake Islands, to Detroit: while Lieut. Col. Connolly and a Mr. Cameron were to cross the Alleghany River, at the Kittaning, and proceed by the nearest and most direct route to Detroit. Here a very considerable force was to be collected from all the nearest posts in Canada, and transported, early in the spring, across the Lake Erie to Presque Isle, where I was to be employed during the winter, with a detachment of 200 men, in covering and conducting the building batteaus, and collecting provisions, in order to proceed by the French Creek, Venango, and the Alleghany River, to Pittsburgh." Here were to be Head Quarters, and thence the design was to strike through Virginia to the Potomac, or that scheme failing, to fall down the Ohio, and, reinforced by the garrison, artillery and stores from Fort Gage, at Kaskaskia on the Illinois, to proceed to the Gulf, and thence join Lord Dunmore at Norfolk. (Vol. iv. p. 615.)

Prior to the Revolution, Connolly, in connection with one John Campbell, claimed lands at the Falls of the Ohio (now Louisville), by grant of Lord Dunmore, laid out a town there, and invited settlers. The interests of Campbell in this locality were not forfeited.

Sabine states that Connolly was at Detroit in 1788, and that he and other disaffected persons held conferences with some of the prominent citizens of the West as to the seizure of New Orleans, and the control of the navigation of the Mississippi by force; but were baffled by the vigilance of Washington.