to an immense crowd. I stripped myself as a farmer does to his work. It was no child's play with me; it was work-earnest work-to save freedom to the Territories and freedom to ourselves."

His next speech was in Milwaukee. Concerning that effort we will again let him speak for himself:

"I took off my coat there; I gave free utterance to all the indignation of my soul. The thought that the federal government would enforce that usurpation, and thereby force slavery into the free territory of Kansas, was the power that moved me."

He now found himself in the Republican party, which was organized the same year, upon the corner-stone of the non-extension of slavery.

In January, 1857, Judge Doolittle was elected to the Senate of the United States, and at the expiration of his term was re elected, serving continuously until 1869. During those politically exciting and stormy years, he was a conspicuous figure in the councils of the nation. His senatorial career is too well known to require any extended notice in this place. His period of service covered the election of Lincoln-the breaking out of the war, and its prosecution to the close-the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, and much of the work of reconstruction. He was a hard and effective worker, serving on the committee of foreign affairs, and of military affairs; also as chairman of the committee on Indian affairs. In 1861, he was a member of the committee of thirteen distinguished senators who were appointed to confer with a like committee of the House to devise some plan to settle the threatened disruption, without resort to arms.

In the Senate, his moderation, urbanity, dignity of manner and personal character won him the esteem of his political opponents, who recognized in him an antagonist who always fought fairly, who never lost his temper, and never struck a foul blow. He would not condescend to tricks in debate, and earnestly opposed all irregular strategy in party action. In the impeachment and trial of Andrew Johnson, and in some of the reconstruction measures resulting from the war, he felt obliged to oppose in Congress the party with which he had been acting.

During the summer recess of 1865, as a member of a joint

committee of both houses, of which he was chairman, he visited Kansas, Colorado and New Mexico, to inquire into the condition of the Indians west of the Mississippi, and reported their condition and wants, suggesting reforms in their management, and gained much information which aided him in future legislation. The inquiry and investigation were thorough, and the results were published in a volume which contained much valuable information concerning the various Indian tribes.

Senator Doolittle had, in 1860, framed the call for the Republican Convention at Chicago, which nominated Lincoln, and in 1866, he drew the call for and presided over the national Union Convention held in Philadelphia.

After his retirement from the Senate in 1869, he engaged in the practice of his profession in Chicago, retaining his residence in Racine. His partner in the practice in Chicago, was the Hon. Jesse O. Norton, who had been a member of the House. After the fire of 1871, the firm was dissolved, and a partnership was formed with his son, James R. Doolittle, Jr. In 1876, Henry McKey came into the partnership, under the firm name of Doolittle and McKey, and this firm has since continued. The office is at 169 Jackson St.

In 1876, Judge Doolittle was one of the distinguished visitors to Louisiana, to investigate the circumstances attending the result of the presidential election in that State.

He was a member of the board of trustees of the University of Chicago so long as the institution had an existence, and has lectured upon equity jurisprudence in the Union College of Law.

On the 4th of February, 1875, Judge Doolittle, at the request of many friends, made a speech in the Assembly Chamber, at Madison, Wisconsin, in vindication of his political course, and in reply to bitter attacks which had been made upon him. because of his leaving the Republican party. In that address he gave a graphic sketch of the rise and progress of political parties from the organization of the government. The election of Washington unanimously, without any party-the difference in his cabinet between Hamilton and Jefferson-the formation of the Federal school of politics under Hamilton

and the Republican under Jefferson-the election of Adams in 1796 as a Federalist, and of Jefferson in 1800 as a Republican -the re-election of Jefferson in 1804-the election of Madison as a Republican in 1808 and his re-election in 1812-so of Monroe in 1816 and in 1820-the disappearance of the Federal party in 1816, after the war with England, and the merger of nearly everything into the Republican party-the various Republican candidates in 1824, resulting in no election by the people, and the election of John Quincy Adams by the House -the election of Jackson by the people in 1828 and again in 1832-the first national party convention, and the organization of the Democratic party in 1832, and of the Whig party in 1834-the election of Van Buren as a Democrat in 1836 and of Harrison as a Whig in 1840—of Polk, Democrat, in 1844, and Taylor, Whig, in 1848-this last result being largely due to the organization of the Free-soil party already mentioned; and finally the election of Pierce, Democrat, in 1852, and of Buchanan, in 1856, thus coming down to the memory of most of those whom he was addressing, and to the events in which he had himself been a prominent actor.

A noble feature of this address was the calm and dispassionate manner in which he met the personal abuse which had been heaped upon him, absolutely refusing to participate in that mode of political warfare.

Judge Doolittle is a man of great intellectual power. The writer of this sketch well remembers sitting within the bar of the Supreme Court at Washington, many years ago, observing somewhat listlessly, the proceedings, when an attorney arose and commenced, in a quiet manner, and with a calm and distinct voice, the argument of an admiralty case. As the statement of facts proceeded, showing the situation of two vessels which had collided, and the different movements of the various parties connected with the vessels, the audience became more and more interested, until finally, all, including every judge upon the bench, were listening, eagerly, intent to catch every word of this glowing picture which was being painted upon the imagination.

This was Judge Doolittle, and from that time, the writer

has considered him the intellectual peer of any man in this country.

Judge Doolittle is universally respected and revered by the bar of this City, toward whom he maintains the attitude of friend and counsellor. We but echo the voice of the bar in wishing him many years of enjoyment of a well-earned fame.

WILLIAM B. KEEP.

The great railway system of which Chicago is the center, has rendered necessary the study and practice of railroad law as a specialty. The railroad litigation has been immense, and must for many years to come, occupy much of the time and attention of the courts.

The more important Companies have general solicitors, who act principally as counsel, going into court only in the more important cases. Such are Judge Beckwith, and Messrs. Ayer and Goudy. At the same time they have attorneys who take charge of the current legal business, and of the ordinary litigation in the courts. Among these none are more active, able and efficient than William B. Keep, General Attorney of the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company.

Mr. Keep was born at Beloit, Wisconsin, March 13, 1852. His father was Judge of the First Judicial Circuit of Wisconsin. He died when William was but nine years old.

The son developed in early life a desire and determination to have a good education, and to be properly prepared and equipped for the struggle before him to be in fact among those fittest to survive, while others should be going down.

Having prepared himself by the usual preliminary course, he entered Beloit College, from which institution he graduated, in 1873. The same summer he commenced reading law at Omaha, Nebraska. He completed his studies in the spring of 1874, in the office of Ayer and Kales, of this City.

In 1875 he was admitted to the bar, and soon afterward commenced practice. In 1881, he became associated with Mr.

Royse, Attorney of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad Company. In September, 1883, he was employed by the Northwestern Railway Company, as an Attorney for that road, acting as assistant Counsel with the Hon. Burton C. Cook, then the General Solicitor of the Company.

In 1885, he was made the General Attorney of the Company, which position he now holds, Hon. William C. Goudy being the General Counsel. Mr. Keep also tries the cases of the North Side Horse Railroad Company and of the West Division Horse Railroad Company. He has been extremely successful in the litigated cases, his Companies thus far not having been obliged to pay but one judgment since the business came into his hands. Office at 22-5th Avenue.

During the last five years Mr. Keep has probably tried more railroad cases than any attorney in the City. He has a remarkable memory, and more than once has astonished the judge on the bench as well as the attorneys in court by repeating after the jury has been empaneled, the name of every juryman, and giving his residence and occupation.

Mr. Keep is a clear and correct thinker, and is exhaustive in his researches into the law of a case. He has one quality which might well be emulated by the younger members of the bar-modesty. Without relying upon the tinsel of superficial eloquence, he is willing to take his place in the profession, wherever the qualities of his mind, aided and supported by close application and thorough research, may assign him.

EDWARD F. DUNNE.

Edward F. Dunne, of the firm of Hynes and Dunne, was born Oct. 12, 1853, at Waterville, Conn. He is a son of the Hon. P. W. Dunne, ex-member of the Illinois Legislature. He received his early education at the public schools of Peoria, graduating from the High School at the age of 16. In 1870, he entered St. Jarlath's College, taking first honors in all departments at the end of the term. He matriculated in Trinity