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ARTICLE XII.

The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for president and vice-president, one of whom, at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as vice president and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as president, and of all persons voted for as vice-president, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate; the president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted: the persons having the greatest number of votes for president, shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as president, the house of representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the president. But in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the house of representatives shall not choose a president whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the vice-president shall act as president, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the president.

The person having the greatest number of votes as vice-president, shall be the vice-president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the senate shall choose the vice-president: a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two thirds of the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice.

But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of presi dent, shall be eligible to that of vice-president of the United States.

[NOTE....The eleventh article of the amendments to the constitution was proposed at the second session of the third congress; the twelfth article, at the first session of the eighth congress.]

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The effects of internal war in producing standing armies, and other institu-
tions unfriendly to liberty,

NO. IX.

The utility of the union as a safeguard against domestic faction and insur.
rection,

NO. X.

The same subject continued,

24

29

34

28

43

NO. XI.

The utility of the union in respect to commerce and a navy,

49

NO. XII.

The utility of the union in respect to revenue,

55

NO. XIII.

The same subject continued, with a view to economy,

NO. XIV.

An objection drawn from the extent of country answered,

69

61

NO. XV.

Concerning the defects of the present confederation, in relation to the prin-
ciple of legislation for the states in their collective capacities,

NO. XVI.

The same subject continued, in relation to the same principles,

NO. XVII.

The subject continued, and illustrated by examples, to show the tendency
of federal governments, rather to anarchy among the members, than ty
ranny in the head,

NO. XVIII.

The subject continued, with further examples,

66

73

77

81

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The necessity of a government, at least equally energetic with the one pro-
posed,

NO. XXIV.

The subject continued, with an answer to an objection concerning standing

106

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Concerning the difficulties which the convention must have experienced
in the formation of a proper plan,

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NO. XXXVIII.

The subject continued, and the incoherence of the objections to the plan
exposed,

NO. XXXIX.

The conformity of the plan to republican principles; an objection in re-
spect to the powers of the convention, examined

NO. XL.

The same objection further examined,

NO. XLI.

General view of the powers proposed to be vested in the union,

NO. XLII.

The same view continued,

NO. XLIII.

The same view continued,

NO. XLIV.

The same view continued and concluded,

NO. XLV.

165

171

178

183

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A further discussion of the supposed danger from the powers of the union,

to the state governments,

197

203

211

217

NO. XLVI.

The subject of the last paper resumed; with an examination of the com-
parative means of influence of the federal and state governments,

NO. XLVII.

The meaning of the maxim, which requires a separation of the departments
of power, examined and ascertained,

NO. XLVIII.

The same subject continued, with a view to the means of giving efficacy in
practice to that maxim,

NO. XLIX.

The same subject continued, with the same view,

NO. L.

The same subject continued, with the same view,

NO. LI.

The same subject continued, with the same view, and concluded,

NO. LII.

222

227

234

238

241

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Concerning the house of representatives, with a view to the qualifications
of the electors and elected, and the time of service of the members,

NO. LIII.

The same subject continued, with a view of the term of service of the
members,

248

252

NO. LIV.

The same subject continued, with a view to the ratio of representation,

257

NO. LV.

The same subject continued, in relation to the total number of the body,

261

NO. LVI.

The same subject continued, in relation to the same point,

265

NO. LVII.

The same subject continued, in relation to the supposed tendency of the
plan of the convention to elevate the few above the many,

NO. LVIII.

The same subject continued, in relation to the future augmentation of the
members,

NO. LIX.

Concerning the regulation of elections,

The same subject continued,

269

273

278

NO. LX.

282

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