Marine Hospitals,' "General Superintendent of Life-Saving Service," "Supervising Inspector-General of Steamboats," "Bureau of Statistics," and Light-House Board."

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There are two Assistant Secretaries who share with the Secretary the general supervision of the Treasury, and a small army of high officials, whose duties, if specified, will give the general reader a good idea of the organization and methods of this great financial workshop.

There is, first, the Chief Clerk, who supervises, under the immediate direction of the Secretary and Assistant Secretary, the duties of the clerks and employés of the Department. Next comes the First Comptroller, who must countersign all warrants issued by the Treasurer, whether covering payments into the Treasury, or authorizing payments out of the Treasury. He must re-examine and revise all accounts audited by the First and Fifth Auditors, and by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, and recover all debts certified by him to be due the United States.

The Second Comptroller revises the accounts received from the Second, Third, and Fourth Auditors. The Commissioner of Customs revises and certifies accounts of revenues collected, and of disbursements for the collection of revenue, etc. The First Auditor receives and audits all accounts occurring in the Department, except those arising under internal-revenue laws. The Second Auditor examines various specified classes of accounts, such as arrears of pay and bounty due soldiers, accounts of

army paymasters, etc. The Third Auditor examines the remaining accounts of the army; the Fourth Auditor, those of the Navy; the Fifth Auditor, those relating to the Department of State, and the contingent expenses of the Post-Office Department; the Sixth Auditor, those of the Post-Office Department.

national banks.

The Treasurer of the United States receives and disburses all public moneys deposited in the Treasury, the sub-treasuries at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New Orleans, San Francisco, St. Louis, Chicago, and Cincinnati, and in the national banks; is trustee for bonds held to secure national-bank circulation, and custodian of Indiantrust-fund bonds; is agent for paying the interest on the public debt, and for paying the salaries of Representatives. The Register of the Treasury is the official bookkeeper of the United States. The Comptroller of the Currency has control of the The Director of the Mint has general direction of the mints and assay offices. The Solicitor of the Treasury takes cognizance of all frauds or attempted frauds on the government. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue assesses and collects all internal-revenue taxes. The titles of the remaining officials-Superintendent of Coast Survey, Surgeon-General of the Marine-Hospital Service, Inspector-General of Steam Vessels, Superintendent of the Life-Saving Service, Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, and Chief of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing-sufficiently define their duties. Visitors usually find the Treasury the most inter

esting of the departments. A polite official is on duty after ten in the morning to escort visitors through the immense structure. The Redemption Bureau, the Treasury Vault, the Secret Service and Life-Saving-Service rooms, and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing are the most interesting. In the latter all the government engraving is done, and all the paper money issued by government is printed. This bureau occupies a separate building, placed on the public grounds at the foot of Fourteenth Street.

The

The Department of the Interior was established so recently as 1849. We shall find its large clerical force at work, a part of it in the great marble and granite building fronting on F Street, and covering the whole square embraced by F, Seventh, G, and Ninth Streets; and another large body in the new Pension Office on Judiciary Square. Secretary of the Interior is a very important officer of government. He has charge of the public business relating to patents, pensions, and bounty lands; the public lands, including mines; the Indians; education; railroads; the public surveys; the census; the custody and distribution of public documents, and certain hospitals and eleemosynary institutions in the District of Columbia. He has to aid him two Assistant Secretaries; a Chief Clerk; a Commissioner of Patents, of Pensions, of the General Land Office, of Indian Affairs, of Education, and of Railroads; a Director of the Geological Survey, who has charge of the classification of the public lands, and the examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain; a

Commissioner of Labor, who collects information on the subject of labor, its relation to capital, the hours of labor, etc.; and a Superintendent of the Census, who supervises the taking of each census of the United States.

The Post-Office Department is lodged in another of those white marble buildings of Grecian architecture, so popular with American architects a half century ago, which occupies the entire square bounded by Seventh, Eighth, E, and F Streets. It was erected in 1839 from designs by Robert Mills, and extensions were added in 1855, after designs of Thomas U. Walter, the total cost amounting to two millions of dollars.

The Postmaster-General has charge of the mail service of the United States. His subordinates comprise three Assistant Postmasters-General, a Superintendent of Foreign Mails, of the Money-Order System, and of the Dead-Letter Office. The Dead-Letter Office division is most interesting to visitors. Here all unmailable and undelivered matter is sent for disposition; it examines and forwards or returns all letters which have failed of delivery, inspects and returns to the country of origin all foreign matter undelivered, records and restores to their owners letters and parcels which contain valuable enclosures, and cares for and disposes of all money, and negotiable paper found in undelivered matter.

The Department of Justice is another branch which the increasing needs of the country has recently called into being, it having been established in 1870. Its officers may be found in the