Central Asia to the gates of Herat, Lord Salisbury told the British public not to be alarmed for the safety of India. "They will not be able to conquer the Turcomans," he declared. "The Turcoman barrier will last for our life-time, at least."

FAME SULLIED BY SLAUGHTER.

Gen. Tergoukasoff, the Russian commander in Central Asia, disagreed with Lord Salisbury. He told the Czar that the Turcomans might be conquered by three years' hard fighting. "That is too long," said the Czar. He recalled Tergoukasoff and sent the greatest of modern Russian warriors, Skobeleff, to command the troops. Skobeleff promptly secured Kouropatkin for his chief lieutenant and together they performed in a few weeks the task which the British. premier declared would take a lifetime.

Geok Tepe, the great stronghold of the Turcomans, was carried by assault after a month's siege. The brunt of the attack fell on Kouropatkin, who commanded a contingent of light troops from Turkestan. It was a great victory, but it sullied the reputation of both the Russian leaders. They ordered their troops to give no quarter to the Turcomans of either sex and all the horrors usual when such orders are given were perpetrated, over 14,000 being slaughtered in action and in helpless retreat.

JAPANESE SOLDIERS IN EUROPEAN UNIFORMS

Up to about 1870, although the Japanese infantry had adopted many European practices, their uniforms, especially their caps, were distinctly native. They now adopted the modern military tent and cap, with their own rice bucket.

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FULL DRESS UNIFORM OF OFFICERS, 1875-86.

LATER the French ideas adopted are more distinctly
seen in the full dress of the officers, with their French
kepi, white plumes, and gold chevrons.
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LIQA-YANG is the name of this railway station, where

native laborers are seen at work.

BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF MUKDEN.

MUKDEN was one of the points selected by the Russians

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for their military headquarters.

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MODERN OFFICERS OF JAPAN.

WITHIN the past twenty years the Japanese Army
has adopted features from all the great nations. The
general officer's uniform is distinctly French; the
cavalry officer wears the flat German cap.
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MODERN INFANTRY OF JAPAN.

THE Soldiers appear in white summer uniform, with
French trousers and gaiters, and German field cap,
knapsack, coat, and cartridge pouch.
bayonet is both French and German.

The sword(6)

IMPROVEMENTS AT DALNY.

DALNY, just northeast of Port Arthur, was considered a
Russian stronghold, and, during the war, improvements, espe
cially along the line of the railroad, were continuous.

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WALLS AND GATEWAY OF MUKDEN.

MUKDEN, midway between Port Arthur and Harbin, on
the Manchurian Railway, was made one of the Russian
headquarters. This is a native section.

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