most, all being taken from the patterns in use with the Toorkmuns. The former sketch will show how these were placed on the horse, and the following description will demonstrate each article more in detail.

They first place it smoothly on the horse, then cross the sides over the back, and double back the two front pieces. On this they place the "arasgir," and then the "tukultoo," and fasten them with a broad leather (tung) strap. Over this again the saddle is placed, and also secured by another similar but broader strap. The tree is always taken off when the march is over, the saddle pad is often left on, and the smaller jhool is never taken off, but is unfolded and then the larger jhool is fastened on by a long girth which is wound. round and round the body, so that the horse presents a rather comical, if comfortable, appearance.

The stirrup is shaped very much like ours, but to the inner edge there is a small spike (mamoz) which answers the purpose of our spur indifferently. These men never ride with more than one rein (jilo), and this is made, as is shown in the sketch, with a loop at the end, and often a long thong which can be used as a whip. To my mind these reins are far more sensible and serviceable than ours, as they enable the horseman to drop his rein when necessary and use his left hand, and also to pick it up with the greatest ease afterwards.

In heavy marching order every man has a pair of "Khoorzeens" or saddlebags of carpeting, which are stuck behind the saddle where it is well balanced. Over this is tied a roll, consisting of an overcoat or extra blanket, and behind all the roll composed of the larger felt for the horse. This roll is the only thing that does not lock workmanlike, but owing to the

VOL. II.