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LIST OF ENGLISH PATENTS GRANTED BETWEEN THE 29TH OF JULY, 1842, AND THE 25TH OF AUGUST, 1842.

Thomas Bell, of Saint Anstill, Cornwall, mine agent, for improvements in the manufacture of copper. July 29; six months.

Jules Lejeune, of Regent's park, engineer, for improvements in accelerating combustion, which improvements may be applied in place of the blowing machines now in use. July 29; six months.

John Stephen Woolrich, of Birmingham, chemist, for improvements in coating with metal the surface of articles formed of metal or metallic alloys. August 1; six months.

Alfred John Phipps, of Blackfriars-road, gentleman, for certain improvements in paving streets, roads, and ways. August 1; six months.

Joseph Whitworth, of Manchester, engineer, for certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for cleaning roads, and which machinery is also applicable to other similar purposes. August 2; six months.

John Dry, of Beverley, agricultural implement maker, for certain improvements in thrashing machines. August 2; six months.

Samuel Carson, of Covent Garden, gentleman, for improvements in purifying and preserving animal substances. August 3; six months.

Archibald Turner, of Leicester, manufacturer, for improvements in the manufacture of muffs, tippets, ruffs, mantillas, cloaks, shawls, capes, pellerines, boas, curls, slippers, and shoes. August 3; six months.

John Lee, of Bermondsey, gentleman, for improvements in wheels and axle-trees to be used in railways, and in machinery for stopping on, or preventing such carriages from running off railways, which improvements may also be applied to other carriages and machinery. August 3; six months. Charles Henri Perrin, of Lombard-street, London, for some improvements in the construction of certain parts of the mechanism used in watches and chronometers, which improvements are also applicable to some kinds of clocks. August 8; six months.

David Napier, of Milwall, engineer, for improvements in steam engines and steam boilers. August 9; six months.

Thomas Walker, of Birmingham, stove-maker, for improvements in stoves. August 9; six mouths.

Richard Ford Sturges, of Birmingham, manufacturer, for a certain improvement in the manufacture of Britannia metal and plated wares. August 10; six months.

Dominic Frick Albert, of Cadishead, Doctor of Laws, manufacturing chemist, for a new combination of materiais for the purpose of manufacturing a manuring powder. August 10; six months.

Moses Poole, of Lincoln's Inn, gentleman, for improvements in paving or covering roads and other ways. August 11; six months.

Joseph Betteley, of the Brunswick Anchor Works, Liverpool, chain cable manufacturer, for improvements in windlasses and machinery for moving weights. August 11; six months.

John Thomas Betts, of Smithfield Bars, gentleman, for improvements in covering and stopping the necks of bottles. (Being a communication.) August 11; six months.

George Roberts, of Liverpool Road, miner, for improvements in the construction of lamps. August 17; six months.

William Raybould, of Clerkenwell, brass founder, for a new or improved sol ering iron. August 18;

two months.

George John Newbery, of Cripplegate-buildings, artist, for certain improvements in producing damask and other surfaces on leather and other fibrous substances and fabrics. August 18; six months.

Nathan Defries, of Fitzroy-square, engineer, and Nathaniel Fortescue Taylor, of Mile End, engineer,

for improvements in meters for gas and other fluids. August 18; six months.

William Ridgway, of Stafford, earthenware manufacturer for a new method of conveying and distributing heat in ovens used by manufacturers of china and earthenware, and brick, tile, and quarry makers. August 18; six months.

Goldsworthy Gurney, of Great George-street, gentleman, for certain improvements in apparatus for producing, regulating, and dispersing light and heat. August 18; six months.

Richard Else, of Gray's Inn, Esq., for certain improvements in machinery or apparatus for forcing and raising water and other fluids. August 18; six months.

Thomas Hendry, of Glasgow, mechanic, for certain improvements in machinery for preparing and combing wool, and other fibrous materials. August 25; six months.

David Redmund, of City Road, engineer, for improvements in hinges or apparatus applicable to suspending or closing doors and gates, and other purposes. August 25; six months.

LIST OF PATENTS GRANTED FOR SCOTLAND FROM 25TH OF JULY TO THE 22ND OF AUGUST, 1842.

William Newton, of Chancery-lane, Middlesex, civil engineer, for certain improved machinery for excavating, dredging, and removing earthy and stony matters in the construction of railroads, canals, cleaning of rivers, harbours, and redeeming marshy or alluvial soils; also for boring rocks, indurated clay, and other earthy matters, for the purpose of blasting and removing the same: the whole to be worked by steam and other power. (Being a communication from abroad.) Sealed July

23.

Thomas Hendry, of Glasgow, Scotland, mechanic, for certain improvements in machinery for preparing and combing wool and other fibrous materials. July 27.

Thomas Waterhouse, of Edgely, Chester, manufacturer, for a certain improvement or improvements in machinery used for carding, drawing, and roving cotton, wool, flax, silk, and other similar fibrous material. July 27.

John Osbaldeston, of Blackburn, Lancaster, metal heald maker, for improvements in looms for weaving. July 29.

William Geeses, of Old Cavendish-street, Middlesex, gentleman, for improvements in machinery for cutting cork. July 29.

John Woodcock, of Manchester, Lancaster, millwright, for certain improvements in the construction of steam-engines. August 1.

Alexander Johnston, of Hillhouse, Edinburgh, esquire, for certain improvements in carriages, which may also be applied to ships' boats, and various other purposes where locomotion is required. August 2.

Julius Seybell, of Golden-square, Westminster, Middlesex, manufacturing chemist, for certain improvements in the manufacture of sulphate of soda and chlorine. August 11.

Benjamin Biram, of Wentworth, York, colliery viewer, for certain improvements in the construction and application of rotary engines. August 11. Anthony Tielens, of Fenchurch street, Loudon, merchant, for improvements in machinery or apparatus for knitting. (Being a communication from abroad.) August 22.

NOTES AND NOTICES. New mode of Recording Scientific Discoveries.The following advertisement appears in the Times: "I hereby record the following discovery-viz., that the wavy or zig-zag path of lightning, or the electric spark, is not its true path, but is an optical effect, arising from its being surrounded by a spiral column of condensed air, produced by its violent passage through the same, and analogous to that of the water-spout."

A Water Masquerade, or Swimming Extraordinary.-The following account of a recent exhibition on the Spree (a Grand Spree it may be fairly called) is given in a letter from Berlin of August 3, quoted in the Jersey and Guernsey News, a liberal and remarkably well-informed paper recently started, in a place where a Journal of that description was exceedingly wanted, and where there is apparently more to correct and reform, than in any other portion of Her Majesty's dominions:-"Last week we were witnesses of a spectacle, of which there is scarcely an example in modern times, at least in Germany-a swimming masquerade. This spectacle was given by the pupils of the Royal Swimming School of Berlin, in honour of the 25th anniversary of the establishment, which has formed 23,360 good swimmers. At five o'clock, 1,200 swimmers, for the most part belonging to the army, assembled in the barrack-yard of the infantry of the guard, and proceeded to tents erected on the banks of the At eight Spree, where they put on their costumes. o'clock the following procession was seen to swim forward, and pass before the view of more than 40,000 spectators:-First came a large flat boat, metamorphosed into a large harbour, in which were three bands, who executed morceaux of military music; then, a car, in the shape of a shell, in which was seated Neptune, with his hair and beard of reeds, and armed with his trident. This car was drawn by six dolphins, and surrounded by a band of Nereids and Tritons, the latter playing the trumpet and clashing cymbals. A numerous troop of Indian musicians, bearing on their heads brilliant plumes, adorned with collars and bracelets of coral, and bearing clubs: Scotchmen, Norwegians, Spaniards, Italians, and Russians, in their national costumes. Bacchus, seated on a gigantic cask, crowned with vine-leaves and ivy, brandishing in the air his thyrsus, with which he directed the grotesque evolutions of a hundred bacchants, who sported round his throne; the King of the Frogs, represented by a gigantic frog, seated on a car of reeds, and followed by a train of others of the same species thoughtless in bulk; and, last of all, 200 The immense sailors, singing national songs.

crowd who were drawn together by this strange spectacle moved about in carriages on the banks of the Spree, on horseback or on foot, or sailed about in small boats, adorned with garlands of flowers."

The Chrysotype is a name given by Sir John Herschell to a new photographic process that he has discovered, and of which he gives the following particulars in the Athenæum. The preparation of the chrysotype paper is as follows:-dissolve 100 grains of crystallized ammonio-citrate of iron in 900 grains of water, and wash over with a soft brush, with this solution, any thin, smooth, eventextured paper. Dry it, and it is ready for use. On this paper a photographic image is very readily impressed: but it is extremely faint, and in many cases quite invisible. To bring out the dormant picture, it must be washed over with a solution of gold in nitro-muriatic acid, exactly neutralized with soda, and so dilute as to be not darker in colour than sherry wine. Immediately the picture appears, but not at first of its full intensity, which requires about a minute or a minute and a half to attain (though, indeed, it continues slowly to darken, for a much longer time, but with a loss of dis

tinctness.) When satisfied with the effect, it must be rinsed well two or three times in water (renewing the water,) and dried. In this state it is half-fixed. To fix it completely, pass over it a weak solution of hydriodate of potash, let it rest a minute or two, (especially if the lights are much discoloured by this wash,) then throw it into pure water till all such discoloration is removed. Dry it, and it is thenceforward unchageable in the strongest lights, and (apparently) by all other agents which do not destroy the paper."

Looking a-head!-We quote the following notice "An iron steamer, from a Kingston (U. C.) paper.

for the use of the royal navy on Lake Ontario, has lately arrived out from home. It came, of course, in pieces, but the Government having sent out competent persons, it is to be put up forthwith. In the same vessel which brought out the iron steamer arrived the magnificent engines of the steam frigate Cherokee, now almost ready for launching. We have received intelligence on which we can rely, to the effect that the Lords of the Admiralty have determined to put the naval establishment at Point Frederick on a substantial and permanent footing."

The Penelope Steam Frigate.-The following are the dimensions of the principal parts of the steam machinery now constructing for the vessel at the Canal Works of Messrs. Seaward and Co. :-Weight of engines, 220 tons; weight of boilers, 95 tons; diameter of cylinder, 91 inches; diameter of paddlewheel, 30 feet; breadth of paddle-wheel, 10 feet; She will diameter of paddle-shaft, 17 inches.

carry 600 tons of coal, being the average quantity required for thirteen or fourteen days' consumption. The total cost of her engines will be 28,0007., and the exact number of horses' power 625.

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French Steam Marine.-A vessel called the "Labrador" was launched at Toulon on the 7th inst. She is to be fitted with engines of 450 horse power. Loading at the Breech.-Some very successful experiments were made in Woolwich Marshes on Friday (17th inst.) with two 24 pounder guns loaded from the breech, constructed according to a plan invented by Baron Wahrendorff of Stockholm. quote the following account from the Times:"Eight rounds only were fired at a range of 1,250 yards, four of the shot being covered with a thick kind of serge, and four with lead about two-tenths of an inch thick. The object to be gained by Baron Wahrendorff's invention is to be able to load the guns used on board of vessels at sea from the breech, many valuable lives having been lost during the last war by the difficulty of running out and in the guns when naval engagements took place. The loading at the breech is effected on this plan,by having the gun bored all through, and after putting in the ball first from the breech end, then the charge of powder, and lastly a chamber amply secured and air tight, that no danger may occur at the rear. The firing was good, the second ball entering the target at the long range of 1,250 yards. The charge of powder was two pounds less on each round, and it was found to give the shot a greater elevation than by the common practice, which was easily accounted for, as the covering of lead gave less windage. It was observed that the shot covered with lead caused a recoil of about a foot more than the recoil of the gun charged with shot covered with serge.

INTENDING PATENTEES may be supplied gratis with Instructions, by application (postpaid) to Messrs. J. C. Robertson and Co., 166, Fleet-street, by whom is kept the only COMPLETE REGISTRY OF PATENTS EXTANT from 1617 to the present time).

LONDON: Edited, Printed, and Published by J. C. Robertson, at the Mechanics' Magazine Office,
No. 166, Fleet-street.-Sold by W. and A. Galignani, Rue Vivienne, Paris;
Machin and Co., Dublin; and W. C. Campbell and Co., Hamburgh.

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BURBIDGE AND HEALY'S, SYLVESTER COOKING APPARATUS.

The cooking apparatus which we have now to commend to the attention of our readers has been constructed by our respectable neighbours, Messrs. Burbidge and Healy, on the principles developed by Mr. John Sylvester, C. E., so well known for his extensive and successful practice in warming and ventilating buildings, in his work on the "Philosophy of Domestic Economy,” and in the specifications of his different patents in relation to heating, (under license, of course, as to the use of these patents, from Mr. Sylvester.) It is an apparatus remarkable at once for its great simplicity, and for performing the offices required of it with the least possible waste of fuel, and with as little inconvenience from the radiation of the heat, to the persons employed in cooking, as the nature of the employment admits of.

Fig. 1 is an elevation of the apparatus, as fixed in its place, and ready for roasting, boiling, stewing, or any other cooking operation; and fig. 2 is a skeleton view, with the external coverings removed.

A is the fire-place, which is closed at top and in front, when boiling or stewing only is going on, but has a door in front, which is opened (as shown in fig. 1) when the fire is required for roasting. B is the boiler, one side only of which is exposed to the fire; but, in consequence of that side being ribbed both inside and outside, in the manner shown in fig. 2, as great a quantity of heat is supposed to be transmitted through that one side, as by any of the large heating surface plans in ordinary use. The ribs of this system are similar to the cylindrical conducting pins employed to such good purpose by Mr. C. W. Williams, in his steam-engine boilers; and exactly the same as a correspondent of ours, (C. W., last vol., p. 106,) proposed to substitute for themnot aware, evidently, that he had been anticipated in the matter by Mr. Sylvester. C is the oven. E, the flue, into which the heated air, vapours, &c., escape after taking the course round the oven indicated by the arrows. D is a door to the flue, which can be shut and opened at pleasure. The bottom of the fire-grate, the bottom of the boiler, and the bottom of the oven are all connected together, so that the heat which con

centrated in the fire-place, when the front and flue doors are closed, would destroy or greatly injure the fire-bars, is led off to the oven and boiler, where, if it do not render good service, it can do no harm. The air doors of the fireplace, as well as of the oven, are fitted with non-conducting packings, so that the radiation of heat from them when closed is inconsiderable. Messrs. Burbidge and Healy do not, like a certain Oxford improver, whose apparatus we recently noticed, propose such an impracticability as that of roasting without an open fire; but they reduce the inconvenience from that fire to a minimum, by providing for the shutting of it up as soon as the roasting is effected, and excluding radiation afterwards as much as practicable. When the apparatus is not immediately wanted for either roasting or boiling, or any other culinary purpose, the whole of the doors, namely, those of the fire-place, oven, and flue, may be closed, when the fuel left in the grate will still keep ignited, but the process of combustion will go on no faster than in an Arnot's stove. In all kitchen ranges which have no such means as are here provided, of regulating the consumption of fuel according to the occasions of the consumer, the boiler is kept in a constant state of ebullition, evaporating great quantities of water to no purpose, and causing accumulations of sediment, which render frequent scouring out necessary, and are ultimately destructive of the vessel.

The surface of the roasting bars will perhaps strike the reader as being extremely small; but we learn from Messrs. Burbidge and Healy, (at whose manufactory the apparatus may be seen in daily use,) that it has been ascertained by experiment, that an apparatus of the smallest size (3 feet) will roast a joint of 20 lbs., and one of the larger size (6 feet) a joint of any weight not exceeding 40 lbs.

When more than one large joint is required to be roasted at the same time, the additional one may be done in the oven; the current of air passing from the fire-place into the oven and over the meat, having all that peculiar and agreeable effect upon it, which constitutes the difference between roasting and baking.

MR. SAMUEL HALL'S MODE OF ADMITTING AIR TO FURNACES.

Sir, Mr. Samuel Hall's plan, by which he proposes to burn coal, instead of coke, in the furnaces of locomotive boilers, having been tried, under his own inspection, on the Liverpool and Manchester Railroad, and having signally failed in producing the desired effects, on which account it was abandoned, after several trials, Mr. Hall being unable to perceive, or point out the causes of such failure, I propose, next week, if possible, or at the first leisure opportunity, to show-1st, That the principle intended to be applied by Mr. Hall, is a direct piracy, and attempted infringement of my patent for introducing air to the combustible gases evolved from coal. 2nd, That manifestly not understanding the principle, as to its chemical bearings, and the conditions on which alone the introduction of such air could be effective in converting such gases into flame rather than smoke, he has so erroneously and unscientifically carried out the principle, (which is, nevertheless, indisputably and chemically correct,) as necessarily to fail in effecting the desired object And, 3rd, That although Mr. Hall affects to introduce hot air into the furnaces, the use of hot air being the avowed basis of his patent, he has, nevertheless, introduced cold air, of atmospheric temperature, and nothing else.

Having personally examined the application of the principle of introducing air to the furnace and fire-box of the locomotive boiler on the Liverpool and Manchester Railroad, and having noticed the manifest chemical errors committed by Mr. Hall in that instance, I am in a position to speak positively on the subject, and point out those errors. This I deem it the more necessary to do, lest the principle, hitherto so neglected by all writers on the practical details of the furnace, might suffer under the unskilful and (as I consider them) piratical efforts of Mr. Hall; and as presenting a glaring and remarkable instance of the errors and disappointments into which even experienced, ingenious, and observant men may fall, when attempting to carry out a complicated chemical process, as combustion avowedly is, by mere reference to mechanical considerations and proportions, and without a correct and accurate acquaintance with the conditions, on which heat is chemically and electrically evolved under that difficult process.

On this head, also, I am in a position of more experience than most others, having witnessed many failures in effecting perfect combustion in furnaces by reason of the neglect, or omission of some one or more of the essential conditions which nature demands, and chemistry points out, while, at the same time the operators, from ignorance of the necessary chemical details, believed they were conforming to all the essentials of the process. Many indeed, while professedly they were adopting the true principles on which alone air can be admitted to furnaces to produce the desired effect, remained so wedded to certain conditions, proportions and details, which, in their wisdom, they believed would assist nature in her developments, as actually to mar, and even counteract these developments. Mr. Hall's late notable attempt to introduce hot air to the furnaces of locomotive boilers, as a means by which coal may be used in place of coke, may be taken as an illustration of this blundering practice; and under which I am myself a sufferer, and the public interests injured, from the doubt and uncertainty which such failures produce in the minds of inexperienced, though well-disposed I am, yours, &c.

men.

C. W. WILLIAMS.

Liverpool, August 23, 1842.

MR. SAMUEL HALL'S SMOKE BURNER.
Report by Mr. Josiah Kearsley, Engineer
of the Midland Counties Railway,
To the Committee of Management.

Gentlemen, In compliance with your resolution of the 20th of June last, that I should report to you my opinion respecting Mr. Hall's offer of the use of his apparatus for burning coal in our locomotive engines, I desire in the first place to refer you to my report of the 3rd January last, in which, after describing the experiments which had been made with the "BEE" engine, I stated that a gross reduction of expenditure from the use of coal is thence evident, provided the action of the fire and the great body of gaseous matter generated and ignited by the apparatus, in the different parts of the boiler and engine exposed to it, be not so prejudicial as to counteract the saving in fuel by increased wear and tear."

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I then proceeded to remark, that, "time and hard work alone can give practical proof on this point;" and I added, that "the

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