thereof; and all vessels, propelled in whole or in part by steam, and navigating as aforesaid, shall be subject to all the rules and regulations established in pursuance of law for the government of steam-vessels in passing, as provided by this Title [R. S., 4399–4500]; and every coastwise seagoing steam-vessel subject to the navigation laws of the United States, and to the rules and regulations aforesaid, not sailing under register, shall, when under way, except on the high seas, be under the control and direction of pilots licensed by the inspectors of steamboats.

No license, register, or enrollment shall be granted, nor any other papers be issued by any collector or other chief officer of the customs to any vessel propelled in whole or in part by steam, until he shall have satisfactory evidence that all the provisions of this Title [R. S., 4399-4500] have been fully complied with.

R. S., 4498.

Dec. 22, 1890.

The hull and boilers of every ferry-boat, canal-boat, R. S., 4426. yacht, or other small craft of like character, propelled by steam, shall be inspected under the provisions of this Title [R. S., 4399-4500. Such other provisions of law for the better security of life, as may be applicable to such vessels, shall, by the regulations of the board of supervising inspectors, also be required to be complied with, before a certificate of inspection shall be granted; and no such vessel shall be navigated without a licensed engineer and a licensed pilot. In open steam-launches of ten tons burden and under, one person, if duly qualified, may serve in the double capacity of pilot and engineer. Irondequoit Bay, New York, shall, for the purpose of applying the provisions of title fifty-two of the Revised Statutes [R. S., 4399-4500], relating to steam-vessels navigating thereon, be declared a navigable water of the United States; and steam-vessels navigated thereon, and carrying passengers, shall be inspected under the provisions of section forty-four hundred and twenty-six of the title [R. S., 4399-4500] referred to, and subject to the penalties provided therein for a failure to comply therewith.

June 25, 1890.

The hull and boiler of every tug-boat, towing-boat, and R. S., 4427. freight-boat shall be inspected, under the provisions of this Title [R. S., 4399-4500]; and the inspectors shall see that the boilers, machinery, and appurtenances of such vessel are not dangerous in form or workmanship, and that the safety-valves, gauge-cocks, low-water alarm-indicators, steam-gauges, and fusible plugs are all attached in conformity to law; and the officers navigating such vessels shall be licensed in conformity with the provisions of this Title, and shall be subject to the same provisions of law as officers navigating passenger-steamers.

R. S., 4451.

The chief officer of the customs for the district shall pay such fees to the United States marshal for his services, and June 19, 1886. to any witness, so summoned, for his actual travel and attendance, as shall be officially certified to by any inspector hearing the case, upon the back of such summons, not exceeding the rate allowed for fees and to witnesses for NAV 95, PT 2-7

R. S., 4452.

R. S., 4453.

R. S., 4454

travel and attendance in any circuit or district courts of the United States.

Whenever any board of local inspectors refuses to grant a license to any person applying for the same, or suspends or revokes the license of any master, mate, engineer, or pilot, any person deeming himself wronged by such refusal, suspension, or revocation, may, within thirty days thereof, on application to the supervising inspector of the district, have his case examined anew by such supervising inspector; and the local board shall furnish to the supervising inspector, in writing, the reasons for its doings in the premises; and such supervising inspector shall examine the case anew, and he shall have the same powers to summon witnesses and compel their attendance, and to administer oaths, that are conferred on local inspectors; and such witnesses and the marshal shall be paid in the same manner as provided for by the preceding section; and such supervising inspector may revoke, change, or modify the decision of such local board; and like proceedings may be had by any master or owner of any steam-vessel in relation to the inspection of such vessel, or her boilers or machinery, by any such local board; and in case of repairs, and in any investigation or inspection, where there shall be a disagreement between the local inspectors, the supervising inspector, when so requested, shall investigate and decide the case.

In addition to the annual inspection, the local inspectors shall examine, at proper times, steamers arriving and departing to and from their respective ports, so often as to enable them to detect any neglect to comply with the requirements of law, and also any defects or imperfections becoming apparent after the inspection aforesaid, and tending to render the navigation of the vessels unsafe; and if they shall discover any omission to comply with the law, or that repairs have become necessary to make the vessel safe, the inspectors shall at once notify the master, in writing, stating in the notice what is required; and if the master deems the requirements unreasonable or unnecessary, he may apply for a re-examination of the case to the supervising inspector, as provided in the preceding section. All inspections and orders for repairs shall be promptly made by the inspectors, and, when it can be safely done in their judgment, they shall permit repairs to be made where those interested can most conveniently do them.

If any master or owner of any steamer shall refuse or neglect to comply with the requirements of the local inspectors, made in pursuance of the preceding section, and shall, contrary thereto and while the same remains unreversed by the supervising inspector, employ the vessel by navigating her, the master and owner shall be liable to a penalty of five hundred dollars for each offense, one-half for the use of the informer; for which sum the vessel itself shall be liable, and may be seized and proceeded against by libel in any district court having jurisdiction; and the master and owner, and the vessel itself, shall, in addition thereto, be liable for any damage to passengers and their

baggage which shall occur from any defects as stated in the notice prescribed in the preceding section.

No kind of instrument, machine, or equipment, for the R. S., 4491. better security of life, provided for by this Title [R. S., 4399-4500] shall be used on any steam-vessel which shall not first be approved by the board of supervising inspectors, and also by the Secretary of the Treasury.

108. Manning of vessels.

No steamer carrying passengers shall depart from any R. S., 4463. port unless she shall have in her service a full complement of licensed officers and full crew, sufficient at all times to manage the vessel, including the proper number of watchmen. But if any such vessel, on her voyage, is deprived of the services of any licensed officer, without the consent, fault, or collusion of the master, owner, or any person interested in the vessel, the deficiency may be temporarily supplied, until others licensed can be obtained.

109. Inspection of hulls and life-saving appliances.

The local inspectors shall, once in every year, at least, R. S., 4417. upon application in writing of the master or owner, carefully inspect the hull of each steam-vessel within their respective districts, and shall satisfy themselves that every such vessel so submitted to their inspection is of a structure suitable for the service in which she is to be employed, has suitable accommodations for passengers and the crew, and is in a condition to warrant the belief that she may be used in navigation as a steamer, with safety to life, and that all the requirements of law in regard to fires, boats, pumps, hose, life-preservers, floats, anchors, cables, and other things, are faithfully complied with; and if they deem it expedient, they may direct the vessel to be put in motion, and may adopt any other suitable means to test her sufficiency and that of her equipment.

110. Inspection of boilers.

The local inspectors shall also inspect the boilers of all R. S., 4418. steam vessels before the same shall be used, and once at least in every year thereafter. They shall subject all boilers to the hydrostatic pressure; and shall satisfy themselves by thorough examination that the boilers are well made, of good and suitable material; that the openings for the passage of water and steam, respectively, and all pipes and tubes exposed to heat, are of proper dimensions and free from obstruction; that the spaces between and around the flues are sufficient; that the flues are circular in form; that the fire-line of the furnace is at least two inches below the prescribed minimum water-line of the boilers; that the arrangement for delivering thefeed-water is such that the boilers cannot be injured thereby; and that such boilers and machinery, and the appurtenances, may be safely employed in the service proposed in the written application, without peril to life. They shall also satisfy

Sec. 14.

themselves that the safety-valves are of suitable dimensions, sufficient in number, and well arranged; and that the weights of the safety-valves are properly adjusted, so as to allow no greater pressure in the boilers than the amount prescribed by the inspection certificate; that there is a sufficient number of gauge-cocks properly inserted, June 19, 1886. and suitable steam gauges to indicate the pressure of steam; and that there are reliable low-water gauges; and that the fusible metals are properly inserted so as to fuse by the heat of the furnace, whenever the water in the boilers falls below its prescribed limits; and that adequate and certain provision is made for an ample supply of water to feed the boilers at all times, whether such vessel is in motion or not, so that in high pressure boilers the water shall not be less than four inches above the top of the flues; and that means for blowing out are provided, so as to thoroughly remove the mud and sediment from all parts of the boilers, when they are under pressure of steam. In subjecting to the hydrostatic test boilers usually designated and known as high-pressure boilers, the inspectors shall assume one hundred and ten pounds to the square inch, as the maximum pressure allowable as a workingpower for a new boiler of forty-two inches in diameter, made in the best manner, of inspected iron plates, onefourth of an inch thick, and of a quality required by law, and shall rate the working power of all high-pressure boilers, whether old or new, according to their strength, compared with this standard; and in all cases the test applied shall exceed the working power allowed, in the ratio of one hundred and sixty-five to one hundred and ten. In subjecting to the hydrostatic tests boilers usually designated and known as low-pressure boilers, the inspectors shall allow as a working-power for each new boiler a pressure of only three-fourths the number of pounds to the square inch to which it has been subjected by the hydrostatic test, and for which it has been found to be sufficient. Should the inspectors be of the opinion that any boiler, by reason of its construction or material, will not safely allow so high a working pressure as is above described, they may, for reasons to be stated specially in their certificate, fix the working pressure of such boiler at less than threefourths of the test-pressure. All boilers used on steamvessels and constructed of iron or steel plates, inspected under the provisions of section forty-four hundred and thirty, shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test, in the ratio of one hundred and fifty pounds to the square inch to one hundred pounds to the square inch of the working steampower allowed. No boiler or pipe, nor any of the connections therewith, shall be approved, which is made, in whole or in part, of bad material, or is unsafe in its form, or dangerous from defective workmanship, age, use, or other

R. S., 4420.

cause.

In applying the directions of the preceding section [4418] to steamboats used exclusively for towing and carrying freight on the Mississippi River and its tributaries, the local inspectors shall substitute, for such boats, one hun

dred and fifty pounds of steam-pressure in place of one hundred and ten pounds for the standard pressure upon standard boilers of forty-two inches diameter, and of plates of one-quarter of an inch in thickness; and such boats may, on the written permit of the supervising inspector of the district in which such boats shall carry on their business, be permitted to carry steam above the standard pressure of one hundred and ten pounds, but not exceeding the standard pressure of one hundred and fifty pounds, to the square inch.

One of the safety-valves may, if in the opinion of the local R. S., 4419, inspectors it is necessary to do so, and the steam-registers shall, be taken wholly from the control of all persons engaged in navigating such vessels and secured by the inspectors.

Every boiler manufactured to be used on steam-vessels, R. S., 4428. and made of iron or steel plates shall be constructed of plates that have been stamped in accordance with the provisions of this Title [R. S., 4399-4500].

R. S., 4429.

Every person who constructs a boiler, or steam-pipe connecting the boilers, to be used on steam-vessels, of iron or steel plates which have not been duly stamped and inspected according to the provisions of this Title [R. S., 4399-4500], or who knowingly uses any defective, bad, or faulty iron or steel in the construction of such boilers; or who drifts any rivet-hole to make it come fair; or who delivers any such boiler for use, knowing it to be imperfect in its flues, flanging, riveting, bracing, or in any other of its parts, shall be fined one thousand dollars, one-half for the use of the informer. Nothing in this Title shall be so construed as to prevent from being used, on any steamer, any boiler or steam-generator which may not be constructed of riveted iron or steel plates, when the board of supervising inspectors have satisfactory evidence that such boiler or steamgenerator is equal in strength, and as safe from explosion, as a boiler of the best quality constructed of riveted iron or steel plates: Provided, however, That the Secretary of the Aug. 7, 1882. Treasury may grant permission to use any boiler or steamgenerator not constructed of riveted iron or steel plates upon the certificate of the supervising inspector of steamboats for the district wherein such boiler or generator is to be used, and other satisfactory proof that the use of the same is safe and efficient; said permit to be valid until the next regular meeting of the supervising inspectors who shall act thereon.

Every iron or steel plate used in the construction of R. S., 4430. steamboat-boilers, and which shall be subject to a tensile strain, shall be inspected in such manner as shall be prescribed by the board of supervising inspectors and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, so as to enable the inspectors to ascertain its tensile strength, homogeneousness, toughness, and ability to withstand the effect of repeated heating and cooling; and no iron or steel plate shall be used in the construction of such boilers which has not been inspected and approved under those rules.