Presburg. England saw all her hopes blasted: Venice, Dalmatia, Istria, the whole of the Adriatic coast, and that of the kingdom of Naples, fell into the power of France. The Germanic body, established upon principles contrary to those upon which the French empire was founded, dropped to pieces; and the system of the confederation of the Rhine transformed into close and necessary allies the same nations who in the first coalitions marched against France, and united them indissolubly to herself by their common interests. The peace of Amiens then became in England the object of the regret of every statesman. The new acquisitions by France, which there were no hopes of wresting from her at any future time, rendered the fault that was committed more evident, and showed the full extent of it. An enlightened man, who, during the short interval of the peace of Amiens, visited Paris, and had learned to know France and your majesty, was put at the head of affairs in England. This man of genius comprehended the situations of the two countries. He perceived that it was not in the power of any state to compel France to retrograde; and that the true policy consisted in arresting her progress. He perceived, that by the success obtained over the third coalition the question was changed; and that it must no longer be thought of contesting with France the possessions that she acquired by victory; but that it was necessary by a speedy peace, to prevent those new acquisitions which the continuation of the war would render inevitable. This minister did not conceal any of the advantages which France derived from the erroneous policy of England; but he had in view those which she might still acquire. He thought that England would gain much, if none of the continental powers lost more. He directed his policy to disarm France, and to have the confe

deration of the North of Germany recognised in opposition to the confede ration of the Rhine. He perceived that Prussia could only be preserved by peace; and that on the fate of that power depended the system of Saxony, of Hessia, of Hanover, the fate of the mouths of the Ems, of the Jade, of the Weser, of the Elbe, of the Oder, and of the Vistula, ports necessary for the commerce of England. Like a great man, Fox did not deliver himself up to useless sorrow for the rupture of the treaty of Amiens, and losses henceforth irreparable; he wished to prevent greater, and he sent Lord Lauderdale to Paris. The negociations began, and every thing led to hope that they would have ended happily, when Fox died. From that time they languished. The ministers were neither sufficiently enlightened nor temperate to perceive the necessity of peace. Prussia, excited by that spirit which England infused into all Europe, put her troops to march. The imperial guard received orders to set out; Lord Lauderdale appeared terrified at the consequences of the new events that were preparing. It was proposed to sign the treaty; that Prussia should be included in it, and that the confederation of the North of Germany should be recognised. Your majesty, with that spirit of moderation of which you have given such frequent examples to Europe, consented. The departure of the imperial guard was delayed for some days: but Lord Lauderdale hesitated; he thought it necessary to send a messenger to his court, and that messenger brought him an order to return. In a few days after, Prussia no longer existed as a preponderating power. Posterity will consider that period as one of the most decisive in the histories of England and France. The treaty of Tilsit put an end to the fourth coalition.-Two great sove reigns, lately enemies, united in offer

ing peace to England; but that power, who, notwithstanding all the forewarnings she had received, could not bring herself to subscribe to condi. tions which would leave France in a more advantageous situation than she was after the treaty of Amiens, would not enter into a negociation, the unavoidable consequence of which would have been to place France in a situation still more to her advantage. We refused, it was said in England, a treaty which maintained the North of Germany, Prussia, Saxony, Hessia, and Hanover, independent of France, and which secured all the outlets of our trade: how, then, can we agree at this time to conclude with the emperor of the French, when he has extended the confederation of the Rhine to the North of Germany, and to found on the banks of the Elbe a French throne, a peace which, by the course of things, whatever the stipulations might be, would leave under his influence Hanover, and all the ports of the north, those principal arteries of our commerce?

[The exposé dwells at some length upon the coalitions-declares that a proposition was made to our government to recal the orders in council, upon condition that the independence of Holland should be respected by the French; which was rejected-recommends the annexation of the Hans Towns to the empire: the repairing the canal between Hamburg and Lubeck, and the construction of a new canal which would unite the Elbe to the Weser, and the Weser to the Ems-advises the continuance of the Berlin and Milan decrees, and the opposition of the continental blockade to the maritime one, from which the most auspicious results are predicted.] (Signed)

CHAMPAGNY, Duke of Cadore.

LISBON, APRIl 3.

Proclamation of the Governors of the Kingdom of Portugal and of the Algarves.

"Portugueze,-The day of our glory is at last arrived; the troops of the enemy, in disgraceful flight, and routed on all points, rapidly disappear from the Portugueze territory, which they have infested with their presence. The governors of Portugal rejoice with you on this happy event; and after humbling themselves in the presence of the Almighty, the first and sovereign author of all good, they render due thanks to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent our lord, whose wisdom established the basis of our defence; to his British Majesty, to his enlightened ministry, and to the whole British nation, in whom we have found powerful and liberal allies, the most constant co-operation in repelling the commen enemy, and that honour, probity, ard steadiness of principle, which particularly characterise that great nation ; to the illustrious Wellington, whose sagacity and consummate military knowledge enabled him to penetrate the plans of the enemy, to take the most effectual precautions for frustrating them, and compelled them at last to fly with the remains of their numerous army, diminished by famine, by the most severe privations, and by the incessant pursuit of the allied forces; to the zealous and indefatigable Beresford, the restorer of discipline and organization to the Portugueze troops; to the brave and skilful generals and officers of both nations; to their brave comrades in arms, who, with generous emulation, never fought that they did not triumph; and, in fine, to the whole Portugueze people, whose loyalty, patriotism, constancy and humanity, have been so gloriously distinguished amidst

the tribulations which have afflicted

us.

"A nation possessed of such qualities can never be subdued; and the calamities of war, instead of disheartening, serve only to augment its enthusiasm, and to make it feel all the horror of the slavery with which it was threatened.

"But, Portugueze, the lamentable effects of the invasions of those barbarians; the yet smoking remains of the humble cottage of the poor, of the palace of the man of opulence, of the cell of the religious, of the hospital which afforded shelter and relief to the poor and infirm, of the temples dedicated to the worship of the Most High; the innocent blood of so many peaceful citizens of both sexes, and of all ages, with which those heaps of ruins are still tinged; the insults of every kind heaped upon those whom the Vandals did not deprive of life-insults many times more cruel than death itself; the universal devastation of the fields, of plantations, of cattle, and of the instruments of agriculture; the robbery and destruction of every thing that the unhappy inhabitants of the invaded districts possessed; this atrocious scene, which makes humanity shudder, affords a terrible lesson, which you ought deeply to engrave on your memory, in order fully to know that degenerate nation, who retain only the figure of men, and who in every respect, are worse than wild beasts, and more blood-thirsty than tigers or lions. Wretched are they who trust in their deceitful promises! Victims of a foolish credulity, a thousand times will they repent, but without avail, of the levity with which they have trusted to the promises of a nation without faith and without law; of men who acknowledge neither the rights of humanity, nor respect the sacred tie of an oath. Opposed to such an enemy,

the only alternatives which remained to us were resistance, or retreat; the former depended on a competent armed force, the latter is a law which the duty of preserving life and property imposes on all peacefulcitizens. These evacuating the towns where they dwell, transporting the effects which they can carry off, destroying those which they are obliged to abandon, and which might serve for the subsistence of the enemy, escape the horrors of the most infamous slavery, throw themselves into the arms of their fellow countrymen, who receive them as brothers, assist the military operations, depriving the invaders of the means of maintaining themselves in the territory which they occupied; and in this way they are so far useful to themselves, because the enemy, not being able to support himself for a long time in positions where he is in want of subsistence, will soon be obliged to evacuate them; and the inhabitants returning immediately to their homes, neither suffer the inconveniences of a lengthened ab. sence, nor find their houses and fields in that state of total devastation, in which the enemy's army would have left them, had he remained for a longer period.

"Such, Portugueze, are the lessons of experience which we ought never to forget.

"But amidst such great disasters, Providence is pleased to give us sources of consolation which will make them less sensibly felt.

"The unfortunate people who fled from the fury of their cruel oppressors have experienced the greatest kindness in the humanity of their fellow citizens. In all the districts to which they have fled, they were received with open arms; the inhabitants eagerly pressed to afford them all that succour which they could individually bestow; they filled their houses with emigrants;

and many times have we perceived with tears of joy the generous emulation of those who disputed with one another who should afford the rights of hospitality to those unknown families who arrived in this capital with out shelter or the means of subsist

ence.

"It is the duty of the government to take immediate measures for the relief of these necessitous persons; but the want of public funds, which are not even sufficient to provide for our defence, must make these measures less effectual, unless individuals liberally concur in a proceeding as much recommended by humanity as by patriotism.

"Under the inspection of an illus trious tribunal, which has advanced part of these succours, by the wise and economical measures of a member of that tribunal, executed by zealous and intelligent officers, the wretched fugitives have been fed, and numberless unfortunate persons have been rescued from the jaws of death. This great expense has been supported, not only by the resources which were at the disposal of government, but still more, by voluntary donations presented by natives and foreigners; among whom we ought to mention with particular distinction the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, both those who are employed in the army, those who are attached to the legation, and those who are comprehended in the class of merchants. Those acts of patriotism and of Christian charity were not confined to the capital and its vicinity. In all the districts of the kingdom, whither the fugitives resorted, they met the same reception, and experienced the same kindness and liberal aid, as far as the ability of the inhabitants enabled them to extend it.

"The governors of the kingdom, in the name of the Prince Regent, re

turn thanks to all for such distinguished services, by which the lives of so many of his subjects have been saved, and those calamities softened, which were caused by the scourge of a destructive war. His Royal Highness will rejoice in being the sovereign of a people so loyal, patriotic, generous, and Christian.

"It now only remains to complete the work, to promote the restoration of the fugitives to their homes, to render habitable the towns which the barbarism of these spoilers has left covered with filth, and unburied carcases; to relieve with medicine and food the sick who are perishing for want of such assistance; to give life to agriculture, by supplying the husbandman with seed-corn, as well as a little bread for his consumption for some time, and facilitating his means of purchasing cattle, and acquiring the instruments of agriculture.

"Such have been and are the constant cares of the governors of the kingdom.

"Portugueze! tribulations are the crucible in which the merit of men is purified. You have passed through this ordeal, and the result has been glorious. You are become a great nation,-a nation worthy of those heroic progenitors who illustrated the cradle of the monarchy. Preserve unalterable these sentiments; confide in your government, as your government confides in you; draw every day more closely the bonds of union among yourselves, with other nations, and with our generous allies, who are our true brothers. Let one soul, one will, direct our common efforts; and if any one attempt to sow discord, let us tear from our bosom the venomous viper, and let us seal with his blood the ratification of our indissoluble alliance.

"Practise these maxims with the same constancy with which you have

The Council of Regency to the Spanish Nation, on the Anniversary of May 2.

That memorable day, Spaniards, on which the nation rose to the majesty of independence, from the depth of servitude and dismay, has now come round for the third time. What grand, but, at the same time, mournful recollections does not its return excite!

When Napoleon was issuing from Bayonne his decrees of blood-when, madly impatient, he was accusing Murat of remissness for not precipitating the means of terror-he did not perceive that these atrocious counsels, recoiling upon the very iniquity which planned them, would be destructive to their treacherous agents. The second of May dawned; the French had fixed upon it for completing their murderous plots; and the people of Madrid, indignant at the outrages which they suffered, rose at once to revenge them, or to die. Ill armed, without plan, without chiefs, they did not hesitate a moment to attack those veteran battalions, formidable by their arms, their victories, and their union. The patriots died fighting nobly; or they perished by treachery, while thinking themselves protected by the truce which disarmed them. But the blood which was shed could not be confined to the Prado of the capital; it spread itself over the soil of the peninsula; it everywhere excited enthusiasm ; and at

one and the same time, and with one voice, the signal was every where given for this rancorous, sanguinary, and desolating war, similar in all respects to the execrable aggression which gave it birth.

It was then said by our treacherous enemies, and their unworthy partizans, "How rash and unavailing your attempt! You have neither arms, magazines, nor soldiers; your generals and officers want experience and military knowledge; your poverty is great, your ignorance greater; you must lose the most practised troops in the world; every battle which you hazard against the war will disorganise, will ruin every thing; and your impotent efforts, instead of saving that shadow of a country which you adore, will plunge it in misery and desolation, and load it with much heavier chains, than those you now wish to escape.'

Spaniards, you rejected with horror these vile suggestions, and devoted yourselves to adversity, certain of shaking off ignominy by resistance, and by finally establishing, though at the expence of immense labours and numberless exertions, that independ ence and happiness to which you aspired, True it is, that the stupid tyranny to which you were previously subject had left without mounds to oppose to the inundation. A furious sea broke in, and covered with its waves an unprotected country: but it must one day abandon it again; and the inundation, though now destructive (in like manner as the earth is fertilised by the conflagration of forests, or the ashes of volcanoes,) will deposit in our scil all the germs of prosperity and abundance.

you

What combats, what vicissitudes, what contrariety of events, have you not experienced during these three terrible years! Conquerors at first, then conquered; formidable again by the force which you opposed to your enemies; favoured by the war of Austria against the tyrant, but too soon de