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either at the instant of the blow being given, or of the steam being suddenly let on, in the case where very highpressure steam is used. And in order further to obviate the latter objection, arising from the sudden admission of high-pressure steam, the under edge of the valve i, is cut a little oblique to the opening into the cylinder, so that the entrance of the steam commences at one corner, and the piston begins to move without any jerk.

By reference to fig. 3, the situation of the compressible substance, above and under the knob or end of the pistonrod, is indicated at 1, 1, the substance in question being retained by the bottom of the cylindrical recess at l1, and the top gland or collar at 12, which collar also serves to enable the hammer or striking-block f, to be disconnected from the piston-rod at any time, if required. A strong helical spring m, is also placed around the piston-rod, and between the cylinder and the hammer or striking-block f, in order to prevent any sudden concussion between the hammer or block and the bottom of the cylinder; and also to assist the quick return of the hammer or block. In order to prevent the piston from being driven too high in the cylinder, the upper part of the cylinder is perforated with a series of openings n, n, to allow the steam to escape, should the piston reach that level.

The peculiar construction of piston, employed in the steam-cylinder of the apparatus above described, is clearly exhibited at d, in the sectional figure 3; it is composed of brass or other metal, and formed of a dished or umbrellashape, in order that, as the steam exerts its pressure upwards, the piston may be caused to expand as it ascends, and thus secure the tightness or packing, without any other elastic substance being interposed between it and the cylinder; while, on the contrary, the descent of the piston is facilitated by the partial collapse of the piston, from the diminution of the pressure of the steam on the other side.

Another description of piston, employed by the patentee, is represented in the detached sectional figure 5. a, a, is the steam-cylinder; b, b, the metallic piston; c, the pistonrod; and d, d, a packing of hemp or other suitable ma

terial.—e, e, is a metallic ring, placed loosely under the packing; f,f, are a series of holes, all round the bottom plate of the piston; and g, g, a series of openings in the top plate of the piston.

Now, it will be seen, that the steam in the cylinder a, a, on exerting its pressure to move the piston upwards, will rise through the apertures f, f, in the bottom of the piston, and press the ring e, e, against the packing d, d, and thus pack the piston and cylinder tightly, as the piston ascends, (the holes, in the upper part of the piston, permitting the steampressure on the under side of the ring to come into action,) and as the hammer falls, on the steam being withdrawn from the under side of the piston, the packing will be gradually relaxed.

Fig. 6, represents a front elevation of a modification of the invention. This arrangement is intended to be used where a quick succession of heavy or light blows is required, and where the apparatus, for admitting and shutting off the steam, to raise and lower or let fall the hammer, is rendered self-acting. Fig. 7, is a sectional view of the steam-cylinder, valve-box, &c., drawn upon an enlarged scale.

The principal arrangement of the machinery is similar to that just described; a, a, being the steam-cylinder; b, b, the hammer or block, containing a swage, die, stamp, or cutting tool c, as required; d, the anvil; e, e, the sideframes or standards, supporting the striking machinery; f, the piston; and g, the piston-rod, connected to the hammer or striking-block b, by means of the compressible or elastic medium, as previously described.

An important feature in this last-mentioned arrangement, consists in the means of rendering the machinery self-acting, and capable of giving a rapid succession of blows. Supposing steam to be admitted into the valve-chamber h, by opening the steam-cock at i, the piston, with the hammer, will ascend; this hammer or block is provided with a stud or projecting piece k, which, as it ascends, strikes a stop l, upon the vertical rod m, m; and as this rod is connected to the slide valve-rod, by means of the lever n, it instantly shuts off the steam from the cylinder a, turns it into the

exit passage o, and allows it to enter the cylinder again above the piston, and blow off at the pipe p. The hammer now descends as before, and the stud or piece k, strikes a similar stop q, on the vertical stop-rod m, which has the contrary effect of shifting the slide-valve, and turning the steam again into the cylinder below the piston; the repetition of such motions will of course give a corresponding succession of blows of the hammer or striking-block, the intensity or rapidity of which will depend upon the setting of the stops and the pressure of the steam. In the construction of this apparatus, a beam of timber r, r, or other material, capable of some slight compressibility, provided with a few thicknesses of leather s, as a packing, is introduced, and the hammer is furnished with two projecting studs t, t, so that, at every upward stroke of the hammer, a slight concussion and recoil shall be produced by the contact of the studs with the beam above, and thus add to the smartness of the blow upon the descent of the hammer.

The patentee does not claim the exclusive use of any of the several parts and arrangements of apparatus and machinery, herein before described, except when the said parts and arrangements are used in connection with and furtherance of the said invention, whereby the elastic force of steam is made directly applicable to raise the hammer or striking-block, for forging, stamping, or cutting iron and other substances, as above described.―[Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, December, 1842.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Son.

To JOHN JUCKES, of Shropshire, Gent., for improvements in steam-engine boilers; and in apparatus for feeding furnaces and fire-places; and for the more effectual combustion of the smoke and gases arising therefrom.-[Sealed . 8th November, 1838.]

THESE improvements consist in so modifying and arranging steam-boilers and their furnaces, as well as other furnaces.

and fire-places, that the fuel, with which they are supplied, may become highly heated before it is deposited upon the fire-bars.

In Plate VIII., figs. 1, and 2, are longitudinal sections of two steam-boilers and their furnaces. a, is a hopper, for containing the coal or other fuel, communicating by suitable openings with the tube b, by which it is deposited upon the fire-bars c, of the furnace; the fuel is forced along the tube b, as required, by means of a rammer or piston d, and, coming in contact with the heated portion of the tube, it undergoes a distillatory process, previous to being deposited upon the fire-bars; the distilled products pass into the fire, and are consumed.

Fig. 3, is a vertical section of a stove, for heating apartments, and fig. 4, is a partial section of an open stove or fire-place. The tube b, in fig. 3, is placed in a vertical position, and the piston is worked by a rack and pinion. In fig. 4, an angular scoop e, is used for raising the fuel, mounted on an axis at f, and worked by means of the pinion g, gearing into a rack h, attached to the back of the scoop; the fuel is forced up through an opening at the centre of the fire-bars, (shewn by the detached view, fig. 5,) which is afterwards closed by two or more sliding-bars i, to prevent it from falling, when the scoop descends; the bars i, are moved backwards and forwards by the pinion j, and rack k.

Two other modes of feeding furnaces and fire-places are described and shewn, in which the tube or tubes b, above mentioned, enter the furnace or fire-place from below, through an opening at the centre of the fire-bars.

The patentee claims, Firstly,—the mode of arranging steam-boilers and furnaces, so that the fuel will be fed to the fire-places thereof through heated surfaces, and thus subjected to a distillatory process, previous to being deposited upon the fire-bars. Secondly,-the mode of applying suitable means for heating the fuel of furnaces and stoves, in such a manner that the fuel, in its progress to the fire-places thereof, shall be heated, or undergo a distillatory process. Thirdly, the mode of using a sliding

bar or bars to fire-places, as shewn at fig. 5, when combined with feeding fuel from below, whether it be combined with a heated tube or way, or not; but he does not claim the feeding of fuel from below, when uncombined with the above improvements, or one of them.—[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, May, 1839.]

To JOHN JUCKES, of Shropshire, Gent., for improvements in furnaces or fire-places, for the better consuming of fuel.— [Sealed 9th December, 1839.]

THIS invention consists of a peculiarly constructed apparatus, for feeding furnaces or fire-places, whereby a vacancy is produced beneath the burning fuel, and a quantity of fresh fuel is supplied from below, to fill up the vacancy.

The mode of applying this invention, is shewn in Plate VIII. Fig. 6, represents a steam-boiler and furnace, provided with the requisite feeding apparatus. The fire-bars a, are divided into two sets, and between them a plate or platform b, is situated; this platform moves on an axis c, between two side-plates d, and is furnished with a curved surface e, at its front end, to close the opening into the chamber f, which receives the fuel from the hopper g. Against the under side of the platform a roller h, works, carried by an arm i, projecting from the shaft j, which has also another arm k, connected by a rod l, with the cranklever m, and is likewise provided with a weight, to counterbalance the weight of the platform. n, is a crank-lever, mounted on the same shaft as the lever m, and attached to the rod o, of the piston p.

When the fire requires a fresh supply of fuel, the attendant first lowers the platform b, into the position shewn in the drawing, (the burning fuel forming an arch over the opening between the two sets of fire-bars,) by means of the crank-lever m, and he then moves the piston p, forward, by depressing the handle of the lever n; the fuel is thus forced upon the platform, which is now raised, and the piston drawn back. By this method, the fresh fuel is introduced beneath that which is burning, and the gases, evolved by it, pass through the ignited fuel, and are consumed.

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