extends this claim to any other means whatever of heating air to effect the combustion of smoke or gases, by being sent into the entrance of the fire-place to pass from the front to the back thereof, over the fire.

Sixthly, the method of applying the pipes or tubes for the admission of air to the fires of locomotive and other similar boilers, by placing them within the box usually called the smoke or exhausting-box, and within the boiler, as well as around the fire-box, as herein described. He also comprises in this claim, the method of applying airpipes, tubes, or flues, within other boilers, to convey the air through them, in a similar way to the furnaces or fireplaces, as hereinbefore described.

Seventhly, the application of the apparatus, consisting of pipes and valves, for the two following purposes; viz., first, for the passing of steam through the chimnies of locomotive steam-engines, when they are stopped, in order to produce, when that is the case, as well as when they are in activity, such a draught or current of air through the fire and through the pipes or tubes within the boiler, as is necessary to effect the requisite combustion of fuel and smoke. Second,—for the passing of steam into and through the insides of a number of pipes, passages, or channels, placed within the water contained in the tender, to heat such water previously to its entering the boiler.

Eighthly, the surrounding of the smoke or exhaustingbox with a space containing water, not shewn in the drawings, in the same way as the fire-box is surrounded; but this claim the patentee only makes when in combination with all or any of his methods of supplying air, hereinbefore described, for the combustion of fuel and smoke, and when, consequently, forming a part of this invention as a whole.

Ninthly, the means of preventing large pieces of fuel from entering into the chimnies of locomotive or other engines, and escaping from the tops thereof, by means of perforated metallic plates, as hereinbefore described.—[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, July, 1841.]

TO SAMUEL HALL, of Basford, in the county of Nottingham, civil engineer, for improvements in the combustion of fuel and smoke.-[Sealed 9th May, 1842.]

THIS invention consists, in improvements upon, and additions to, the apparatus described in the specifications of patents granted to the present patentee on the 24th June, 1836; 30th July, 1838; and 14th January, 1841; for more perfectly effecting the combustion of fuel and smoke.

In Plate VII., figs. 8, and 9, represent the invention as applied to the furnace of an ordinary waggon-shaped boiler, for a stationary engine; fig. 8, being a longitudinal vertical section, taken through the middle of the furnace; and fig. 9, a horizontal section, taken through the flame or smokeflues. a, is the fire-place; b, the bridge; c, the smokeflue, through which the smoke and heated gases pass to the chimney d, in the course shewn by the arrows; e, e, are two metallic plates, inserted at the top and bottom of the passage, where the smoke-flue leads from the boiler into the chimney. In these two plates the ends of a number of pipes f, f, are fixed, the upper ends of which are open to the atmosphere, and the lower ends to the hot-air flue g, which passes under the boiler and under the main branch of the flame or smoke-flue, until it arrives at the bridge b, where it branches off right and left, so as to form two smaller flues h, h, one on each side of the fire-place, and beneath a portion of the smoke-flue. From the flues h, h, as well as from the lining of the door, small apertures i, i, open into the fire-place. The draught of the chimney produces a descending current of air through the pipes f, f, and along the air-flues g, and h, and through the openings i, i, into the fire-place, as shewn by arrows. The temperature of this air is greatly raised in its passage through the pipes f, f, and flues g, and h, and then mingles with the smoke and inflammable gases, as they are liberated from the burning fuel, and effectually consumes them.

Figs. 10, and 11, represent the invention as applied to a bleacher's pan, dyer's pan, brewing copper, or other similar

vessel. Fig. 10, is a vertical section, and fig. 11, a horizontal section, taken through the flame or smoke-flue. is the fire-place; b, the flue, through which the flame or heated gases pass (as shewn by the arrows) to the chimney c;-d, d, are a series of pipes or passages, through the brick-work into the fire-place, and below the flame or smoke-flue, for the purpose of distributing a supply of air, in jets, among the smoke or inflammable gases, to effect their combustion. Air may be taken immediately from the atmosphere, or it may be heated by a system of pipes, placed in the flue leading from the pan or copper to the chimney, bringing it in at the sides of the flue by a method similar to that herein described, as applied to the waggonshaped boiler.

nace.

Fig. 12, represents the invention as applied to the furnace of a baker's oven, or to any other description of fura, represents the fire-place; b, the ash-pit; c, c, the air-passages, running parallel with the fire-place; and d, d, the apertures for introducing jets of air, either from the atmosphere, or previously heated, into the furnace; e, is the opening at the end of the furnace, to convey the flame from it to the baker's or any other description of oven.

The patentee, in the specification of his before-mentioned patent of 1838, described a plan for supplying air to the furnaces of marine steam-engine boilers, and other boilers of a similar construction, by inserting, within the waterspaces, bent pipes to convey jets of air from the ash-pit to the fire-place above the fuel; the upper ends of these pipes opening into the fire-place, and the lower ends into the ashpit. The pipes are therein shewn as secured in their places, so as to make a water and steam-joint with the metal of the boiler, by means of double nuts.

One of the improvements relating to such apparatus in the present patent, consists in an improved mode of securing such pipes. In lieu of the double nuts, above mentioned, conical ferrules are driven tightly into the open ends of the tubes, in the same way as is done in securing the fire-tubes of locomotive boilers. This improvement is shewn at fig. 13, wherein a, represents the fire-place; b, the ash-pit;

c, c, the air-tubes, placed in the water-spaces with their upper ends opening into the fire-place, and their lower ends into the ash-pit; and d, d, are the ferrules, driven into the ends to press them into close contact with the boiler-plate, to make secure joints.

Figs. 14, and 15, represent the improvements as applied to a tubular boiler of a locomotive steam-engine. Fig. 14, is a longitudinal section of the engine, taken through the centre; and fig. 15, is a horizontal section of the furnace and of the apparatus within it, taken in the line u, u, fig. 14. a, and a1, are the usual pipes or tubes; a1, being such of them as are converted into air inlet tubes, which may be more or less numerous, and differently interspersed among the others, as experience may shew to be the most efficacious. The pipes a', have other pipes a2, inserted into one end of them, to convey atmospheric air through the smoke or exhausting-box A, (by which it is partially heated,) to such pipes a1, on its way to the fire. a3, a3, a3, are small tubes around the fire, to convey atmospheric air above the fuel, to combine with or consume the smoke and inflammable gases generated from the fuel. a*, a1, are one or more tiers of tubes or apertures, to answer the same purpose as fire-bars; viz., for the admission of air into the lower part of the furnace, and among the fuel, to effect the combustion of the carbonaceous parts.

The other part of the apparatus, before mentioned, for effecting the above purposes, and which may be applied or not at pleasure, is shewn at E, figs. 14, and 15. c, c, c, are water-spaces connected with the boiler; a number of oval or oblong tubes d, d, are to answer the same purpose as the tubes or apertures a1, at, and are to give an additional quantity of air among the fuel, which air is brought to them through the passage e, the same being open at the bottom to the atmosphere. As the draught of the atmospheric air, through the fire-bars as well as through the airtubes a2, a3, a1, is very slight when the engines are stopped and no steam passes from them up the chimney, a pipe w, and valve x, are applied to the boiler, to pass a portion of steam, while the engines are at rest, up the chimney, for the purpose of creating a draught.

To the pipe w, a cock w1, is applied, to receive a quantity of steam from any other boiler or vessel, and pass it through the pipe w, into the chimney, for the purpose of creating a current of air through the fire, when it is first lighted, in order to get the steam up in the boiler more expeditiously than is done in the usual way. In some cases, instead of introducing a quantity of steam into the chimney, for the above purpose, by the cock w1, and pipe w, it is conveyed from some other boiler or vessel and introduced by a separate pipe w2, which can be let down into the chimney and withdrawn at pleasure.

In figs. 14, and 15, B, B, is a bent metallic plate, which leaves a space c, c, c, between it and the sides and top of the smoke-box A. This plate is perforated with a great number of small holes, their aggregate area being equal, at least, to the area of the chimney; but the patentee prefers them to be equal to double its area, or even more, so as to give a free passage of the gaseous matters through them into the space c, c, c, on their way from the box A, to the chimney, and at the same time to prevent the passage, from the former to the latter, of any large pieces of fuel. D, is a pipe, perforated with small holes, and communicating with the force-pump by a pipe, supplied with a stop-cock; the use of this pipe and cock is to throw a jet of water into the smoke-box at pleasure. F, F, is a steam-tight casing around the chimney, through which a portion of the water may be passed, on its way from the tender to the boiler, for the purpose of being partially heated; G, is a pipe, to convey the water from the water-pumps to the casing; and н, another pipe, to convey the water from the casing to the boiler; I, is a casing, applied to the doors of the smoke-box, to be filled with water, to keep them cool.

The following are the claims made by the patentee :"As regards stationary and marine engines and furnaces, I claim, First, the particular mode, as herein described, of taking air, for effecting the combustion of smoke, from the atmosphere, and passing it underneath the main flame, flues, or passages, from the fire-places which pass under the bottoms of steam-engine or other long boilers, in com