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ing in the direction of the arrows) comes into contact with an additional quantity of the fluid which the increased surface of the metal has taken up. If it is found desirable to produce the same results, in a separate vessel, the apparatus shewn, in vertical section, at fig. 5, may be used,-it consists of a double box, made of tin or other suitable metal, and contains three rows of shelves or wire gratings, on which is placed a stratum of sponge or other suitable material, through which the gas is made to pass in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 6, is a plan view, with the cover removed, to shew the shelves, or wire sieves, for supporting the sponge or other material, and the packing or luting-joint, to which the cover is screwed. A small stop-cock is attached to each partition, for the purpose of drawing off any surplus fluid.

When this vessel is used for extracting sulphuretted hydrogen, thereby giving increased purity to the gas, the sponges, in the first partition, must be saturated with a solution of caustic potash or soda, introduced through the funnel above, which solution, falling upon a perforated plate, will be equally distributed over the surface of the sponge. The like operation is gone through with naphtha, in the second partition, if an increased illuminating power is required. When ammonia is to be extracted from the gas, a solution of diluted sulphuric, muriatic, or other acid, may be substituted for that of alkali, but the partition, containing the acid, will require protection, such as a coating of bees' wax and tallow mixed.

Fig. 7, is a vertical section of a vessel, having three partitions, which will allow of the three operations going on at the same time; the first portion a, being charged with diluted acid; b, with a caustic alkaline solution; and c, with naphtha. Fig. 8, is a longitudinal, and fig. 9, a cross section, of a vessel, in which the gas is made to pass, in the direction of the arrows, over the surfaces of naphtha or other fluid, (previously alluded to,) contained in a series of shallow trays. The fluid is supplied through the funnel, at the top of the vessel, and as each tray is filled, the fluid flows over into the next lower tray, until it shews itself at the small stop

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cock below, which indicates that the apparatus is charged, and ready for use. It is scarcely necessary to mention, that as the naphtha is absorbed, or the alkaline solution or diluted acid become saturated, they must be renewed.

Fig. 10, shews a method of applying this system of sponges, saturated with naphtha, to a table gas lamp. It will be observed, that the top of the vase unscrews, for the purpose of re-charging the sponges with naphtha.

The patentee claims, Firstly.-The application of mechanical means, for giving a power of moving gas-meters beyond what is produced by the flow of gas through them.

Secondly. The mode of better adapting gas-meters, by increasing their surfaces, for the purposes herein before mentioned.

Thirdly. The application of alkaline solutions in gasmeters, for the purpose also herein before described.

Fourthly. The application and use of sponge or other suitable material, and also the use of shallow trays, containing caustic alkaline solutions, by which, owing to their extended surfaces, the gas is further purified from sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid; and when charged with a diluted acid, will also take up the ammonia and its compounds.

Fifthly. The application and use of sponge or other suitable material, and the use of shallow trays, charged with naphtha or other volatile hydro-carbonaceous liquids, for increasing the illuminating power of coal-gas, in the manner herein before described.-[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, September, 1842.]

TO JOHN SWAIN WORTH, of Manchester, merchant, for improvements in machinery for cutting vegetable substances,— being a communication.-[Sealed 29th July, 1840.]

THE improved machine for cutting vegetable substances, which constitutes this invention, is shewn in elevation at Fig. 1, Plate III. a, is the framing; b, the trough, for receiving the hay, straw, &c.; and c, a fly-wheel, mounted

upon the end of an axis d, to which a revolving motion is given, by the application of manual power to the handle e, upon the other end of it. This motion is communicated by the pinion f, and spur-wheel g, to the shaft h, and thence, by means of the wheels i, i, to the shaft j. Upon the shaft h, a cutting-roller k, is fixed, and on the shaft j, a roller l, termed the surface-roller, is mounted, as will be seen by reference to the enlarged sectional view, fig. 2. The cutting-roller has a number of grooves in its periphery, to receive the knives or cutters m, which work in contact with the surface-roller l. This roller is formed of cast-iron, covered with zinc, block-tin, wood, or any other suitable substance; or it may be made entirely of wood.

The following is the action of this machine:-Manual power being applied to the handle e, the rollers k, and l, are caused to revolve, by means of the pinion ƒ, and wheels g, i, i, and the vegetable matters, passing between the rollers, are cut by the knives m, into pieces of the required size.

The patentee claims the mode of combining the parts, herein described, for cutting vegetable substances.—[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, January, 1841.]

To JOHN DUNCAN, of Great George-street, Westminster, Gent., for improvements in machinery for cutting, reaping, or severing grass, grain, corn, or other like growing plants or herbs,-being a communication.-[Sealed 2nd November, 1840.]

THIS invention consists in a machine for cutting or reaping corn, grass, &c., to be drawn by a horse or horses; in the body of which machine, as it proceeds, the corn is collected and suffered to accumulate.

In Plate II., a plan view of the machine is represented: it consists of a body a, furnished with shafts b, and carried by a pair of wheels c. In front of the machine, at the right hand side of the shafts, is a frustrum of a cone d, mounted upon a vertical axis e, driven by gearing (not

shewn in the drawing), from the pulley f This pulley receives motion from the near running-wheel of the machine, by means of the pinion g, which is mounted upon the same spindle as the pulley, and takes into the spurwheel h, on the axle of the wheels c. i, are fingers, projecting from the lower part of the machine, for the purpose of holding the corn firmly whilst it is being cut; j, are the cutters, which are similar in shape to the points of scythes, and are fastened upon a circular cutting-plate k, fixed to the bottom of the frustrum d; l, m, are guides for conducting the corn, after it is cut, into the body of the machine; n, is a screen, placed parallel to the guides m, to prevent the corn from escaping at the front of the machine; and o, is an extra floor, bolted upon the floor a, above the cutters, which receives the corn, &c. as it is delivered by the guides, and prevents it from becoming entangled with the cutters.

As the machine is drawn forward, the corn is gathered in between the fingers i, and cut by the cutters j; and it is then carried round with the frustrum d, by its projections p, (being pressed against the surface of the frustrum by a number of bent rods, or guides, affixed at their ends to two revolving discs) and delivered into the machine by the guides, and m.

The patentee claims the combination of the fixed projecting fingers i, with the revolving cutters j; and also the combination of the frustrum d, with the revolving and stationary guides, by which the crop, when cut, is confined to and discharged from it.—[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, May, 1841.]

To THOMAS WILLIAMS, of Bangor, in the county of Caernarvon, smith, for an improved churn.-[Sealed 17th May, 1842.]

THIS invention embraces four different kinds of churns, which are represented, by various figures, in Plate III. Fig. 1, is a vertical section, and fig. 2, a plan view of the first description of churn. a, is the body of the churn; b, a

vertical shaft, turning in the centre of the same, having, upon its upper end, a bevil toothed wheel, which gears into and is driven by another bevil toothed wheel, keyed upon a horizontal shaft, above the churn.-This shaft is furnished with a fly-wheel at one end, and is turned by manual power, applied to a handle at the other end. Upon the lower end of the shaft b, four vanes or beaters c, are fastened, pierced with circular apertures d, and these vanes, when the shaft b, is in motion, beat the milk against the projections e, which are also formed with openings in them, and are fixed against the inside of the churn.

The second kind of churn is shewn in plan and section, at figs. 3, and 4. The exterior of the churn, and the mode of driving the shaft b, are the same as before; but instead of the four vanes c, two vanes f, are fixed upon the shaft b, at right angles to each other, and the framing g, is substituted for the projections e.

Fig. 5, is a side view, and figs. 6, and 7, are transverse sections of the third construction of churn, which consists of a rectangular trough or vessel h, for containing the milk. i, is a perforated beater, suspended from a horizontal shaft j; and at k, near each end of the churn, a breaker or slotted board, is fixed. To the outer end of the shaft j, a weighted lever m, is fastened, and by pulling the cord or rope n, attached to this lever m, the requisite vibrating motion is communicated to the beater, and the milk is beaten or dashed against the breakers l.

Fig. 8, is a longitudinal section of a churn, constructed according to the fourth part of this invention. This churn consists, like the former, of a rectangular vessel h, and the milk is raised by an Archimedean screw o, working in a large pipe or tube p, and poured through the opening q, upon a breaker r, which detains the butter, but allows the milk to pass through.

The patentee claims, as his invention, the improved churn, of any of the peculiar forms herein shewn and described.―[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, November, 1842.]

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