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nary carding-engine; B, is the main shaft of that engine, driven by band and rigger, as usual. All the parts of the engine are not shewn, as the carding-engine itself forms no feature of this improved machinery. c, is the doffer cylinder, and D, is an endless creeping cloth, extended over tension-rollers, behind the doffer cylinder, to receive the broad sliver of wool, struck off from the doffer cylinder by the usual means.

a, a, is a rectangular frame, placed transversely at the end of the carding-engine, which frame slides upon railways b, b, fixed on the floor of the factory, or other building. This frame carries two rollers c, c, over which an endless cloth d, d, is tightly distended. In the same frame are also mounted, below the former, two other rollers e, e, carrying another endless cloth, which is intended to travel nearly contiguous to the under surface of the cloth d, d.

A pulley f, on the main shaft of the engine, carries a band, which, as it revolves, drives a pulley g, fixed upon a transverse shaft, mounted on the frame-work A, A, under the doffer cylinder. At the reverse end of this transverse shaft there is a pinion h, taking into a toothed wheel i, on the axle of the doffer cylinder; and hence, by the rotation of the main shaft B, the doffer cylinder c, is made to revolve through the intervention of the pulleys, bands, and gear f, g, h, and i. A large pulley k, also on the axle of the doffer cylinder, carries a band, which gives rotary motion to a small pulley, on the axle of one of the tension rollers of the creeping cloth D; by means of which, as the doffer cylinder revolves, the creeping cloth is made to travel continually, and thereby conduct the sheet of sliver from the doffer cylinder, and deposit it upon the endless cloth d.

In order that the sheet of sliver, so delivered, may be laid evenly, and in diagonal layers, upon the receiving cloth d, that cloth must have a continuous progressive motion over its tension rollers c, c; and, simultaneously with that motion, the carriage, or frame, a, a, in which the endless cloth d, is mounted, must have a reciprocating sliding movement given to it, at right angles, to the progress of the endless cloth d. This is effected by the following

means:

At the front end of the axle of the doffer cylinder (see fig. 1), there is affixed a pinion m, taking into a toothed wheel n, on the end of a transverse shaft o, (see fig. 2.) One extremity of this shaft o, turns in a bracket attached to the frame A, the other in an independent standard E. The front end of the shaft o, has a bevel pinion p, fixed upon it, which takes into a corresponding bevel pinion, on the end of a longitudinal shaft q, turning in bearings attached to the standard E, and frame a. This longitudinal shaft q, is the axle on which one of the rollers c, is mounted ;-the roller being hollow, and the shaft locked to it by a feather edge, or rib, allowing the roller to slide freely along the shaft, but compelling it to revolve with the shaft. It will thus be perceived that, by the rotation of the doffer cylinder, which actuates the gear, m, n, o, p, and q, the roller c, will be made to revolve, and the endless cloth d, d, d, be carried progressively onward, in the direction of the arrow, shewn in fig. 2. For the purpose of giving the reciprocating sliding lateral movements to the carriage a, and its endless cloth d, d, d, the following mechanism is employed :—Near the further end of the main axle в (see fig. 2), a pulley r, is affixed, carrying a band, which drives a pulley s. On the shaft of this pulley there is a pinion t, taking into a similar pinion, on a tumbling shaft u, extending across the lower part of the frame of the carding-engine, under the doffer cylinder. The pivot of one end of this tumbling shaft is supported by a bracket on the frame A; the other end of the shaft bears in a plate, sliding in a small standard F; and at that end of the tumbling shaft there is a pinion v, which is intended to take into one of the racks w, w, seen in fig. 1. The racks w, w, are formed in a horizontal sliding frame, attached to the carriage a, a; and as this frame is slidden to and fro, it draws or pushes the carriage along the railways b, b, giving the reciprocating horizontal lateral movements to the endless cloth d, d, d, as described above.

The standard F, is shewn detached at fig. 3, (in the same position as fig. 1), with a portion of the rack-frame w, w, the pinion v, being represented by dots, as seen through it. Fig. 4, shews the inner side of the standard F, with the

sliding plate, in which the pivot or end of the tumbling shaft u, is inserted. The sliding plate is raised or depressed in the standard F, by a small lever x, mounted on a fulcrum pin, set in the standard; and this lever is worked by a weighted tumbling arm y, which, as it falls over, causes the sliding plate to shift the pinion v, of the tumbling shaft u, up or down, thereby bringing it into gear with one or other of the racks of the sliding frame w.

Let it be supposed that, by the position of the arm y, as in figs. 1, and 3, the pinion v, is placed in gear with the lower rack w; the rotation of the main shaft B, will, by means of the gear r, s, t, and u, as described, cause the pinion v, to draw the rack-frame w, and carriage a, inwards, that is, towards the carding-engine; and when the tappet, attached to the rack-frame, comes into contact with the arm y, which it will do when the pinion v, reaches the end of the rack, the arm y will be made to tumble over and raise the lever x, and slider, which brings the pinion v, into gear with the upper rack w; and the continuous rotation of the tumbling shaft will move the rack-frame and the carriage outward, or away from the carding-engine, until the other tappet *, comes into contact, and in like manner tumbles over the arm y, and puts the pinion v, again into gear with the lower rack. By these means, it will be perceived, that the continuous broad sheet of sliver, from the doffer cylinder, will be carried by the creeping cloth D, and delivered into the upper surface of the endless cloth d, d, d; and, by the two motions of the carriage and endless cloth d, viz., its progressive and its reciprocating movements, the sheet of sliver will be laid in successive layers, one over another, in diagonal directions, upon the surface of the receiving cloth, as shewn by the diagrams, figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, and thereby produce a compact bat of fibres, of uniform thickness. As the receiving cloth travels onward, the sheet of sliver will pass down with the cloth, between the rollers c, and e, and be thereby compressed and conducted, between the two endless cloths, until it arrives at the first roller c, by which it will be brought again to the upper surface, to receive

additional folds or sheets of sliver, to be delivered on to its surface in the way and by the means above described; and when sufficient thickness of bat, in an endless sheet, has been thus attained, the bat is to be cut through in the direction of the axis of the rollers c; and, on being removed from the machine, may be hardened and milled, or fulled, by any suitable means, so as to produce a firm felt or felted cloth.

The patentee claims the construction or arrangement of a machine, by means of which slivers of wool, or any other fibrous material, capable of felting, may be conducted in a broad sheet from a carding-engine, and laid in folds, diagonally, one upon another, to produce a compact bat, ready to be fulled or milled into a firm felt or felted cloth.[Inrolled in the Petty Bag Office, March. 1842.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Son.

To GEORGE Lowe, of No. 39, Finsbury-circus, in the City of London, engineer to the Chartered Gas Company,-for improved methods of supplying gas, under certain circumstances, and for improving its purity and illuminating powers.-[Sealed 16th March, 1841.]

THESE improvements consist, firstly, in giving a certain pressure to gas, for illumination, and thus obviating the inconvenience to the consumer of an inadequate supply, owing to the want of pressure in the street mains, which is more especially the case on dark days, and in the lower levels of a town or an establishment. Secondly, these improvements consist in increasing the illuminating power of gas, by purification.

In Plate II., fig 1, is a front view of a meter, with the improvements, for creating a given pressure to the gas, applied thereto. The axis or shaft of the meter extends through the back of the case of the meter, and is kept tight by a stuffing-box. Upon the end of this axis, a commonshaped water-wheel is mounted, which, by its rotation,

gives a power over and above that which is produced by the gas itself. This wheel is enclosed in a case, the feet of which correspond with the feet of the meter, the waterwheel case being cut away to allow the space covered by the feet to form a receiver or case for the water, which is conveyed thence by a pipe. Fig. 2, shews the wheel, supported on the axis of the meter, and the form of bucket found to answer the purpose. Instead of a water-wheel, a weight may be used, attached to a cord, wound round the axis of the meter, to produce a similar effect; but in this instance, the weight would require winding up, similar to a clock, when run down.

Fig. 3, represents the gas-wheel, or that part of a meter which measures the gas, in section. Fig. 4, is a similar view, with an increase of metallic surface applied to the meter, for the purpose of augmenting the saturating power when charged with naphtha or other hydro-carbonaceous liquids, as proposed under a former patent, granted to the patentee in 1832*, and also to make the gas-meter act as a purifier, when charged with a solution of caustic potash or soda, instead, as heretofore, with water or other fluids.

As it was considered desirable, in some instances where large-sized meters are required, not to introduce naphtha into them, but to saturate the gas in a separate vessel, the patentee has described two modes of effecting this saturation; first, by the intervention of sponges, fragments of coke, pummice-stone, or any other suitable vesicular or capillary matter, moistened with naphtha; and secondly, by the application of a series of shallow trays, charged with naphtha, over which the gas is made to pass in its progress to the burners. Either or both of these forms are calculated, when charged with a solution of caustic potash or soda, to purify the gas of sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid; and when charged with a diluted acid, it will have the effect of depriving the gas of ammonia and its compounds.

By reference to fig. 4, it will be seen, that the gas (pass

For Specification of this Patent, see Vol. XII., p. 137, Conjoined Series.

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