Tocharian Historical Phonology and Morphology

a-umlaut ablaut accusative singular ACTlVE Sg.1 allophones analogical aorist appears athematic attested Class lll Class lV subjunctives consonant declension DEICTIC PRONOUN deverbative Douglas Q dual enclitic etymological example expected feminine final formation genitive genitive singular Greek hysterokinetic imperative Krause and Thomas laryngeal late Proto-lndo-European Latin Lithuanian ln Tocharian lndo-European MASC masculine middle endings MlDDLE Sg.1 morphological n-stems neuter nominative plural nominative singular non-neuter o-grade obstruents optative original palatalization paradigm pAter person plural phonetic phonological PlE perfect pre-Tocharian preterite preterite participle pronominal pronoun Proto Proto-Tocharian PTch rebuilt reconstructed reduplicated reflexes resonant root Sanskrit secondary seen sigmatic ske/o SlNGULAR PLURAL Nom stressed subjunctive suffix syllable thematic aorist thematic nouns thematic vowel third person singular thou tive TOCH Tochar Tocharian B shows Tocharian languages TOCHARlAN B TOCHARlAN Tokharien unstressed verbal verbs Watkins Werner Windekens Winter word ye/o Yueh-chih zero-grade