Tocharian Historical Phonology and Morphology

a-umlaut ablaut accusative singular ACTIVE Sg.1 allophones analogical aorist appears athematic attested Class IV subjunctives consonant declension DEICTIC DEICTIC PRONOUN deverbative Douglas Q dual enclitic etymological example expected feminine formation forms genitive genitive singular Greek hysterokinetic imperative Indo-European Krause and Thomas laryngeal late Proto-Indo-European Latin Lithuanian masculine middle endings morphological n-stems neuter nominative plural nominative singular non-neuter o-grade obstruents optative original palatalization paradigm person plural PERSONAL ENDINGS phonetic phonological PIE perfect PLURAL Nom pre-Tocharian preterite preterite participle pronominal Proto Proto-Tocharian PTch rebuilt reconstructed reduplicated reflexes resonant root säm Sanskrit secondary seen sigmatic ske/o stem stressed subjunctive suffix thematic adjectives thematic aorist thematic nouns thematic vowel third person singular thou tive TOCH Tochar Tocharian B shows TOCHARIAN B TOCHARIAN Tocharian languages Tokharien unstressed Van Windekens verbal verbs Watkins Windekens Winter word ye/o zero-grade