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he rigid religious rule of Cromwell, er which he had spent his youthful rs, had passed and in its stead befell a Lod of loose living and easy ways. Purism, though speaking and acting in the ne of Liberty, possessed but little of that lity either for mind or body. In setting for the great cause he fared as well, or er, with all his persecutions, than did Quaker brethren in that New England ch had been founded for opinion's sake. Entering Oxford at fifteen the boy soon under the influence of Thomas Loe, a acher of Quaker doctrine and became ued with his teachings. This clashed nce with his surroundings and the Col- requirements. He refused to attend bel or to wear the customary gown, ning it a sort of surplice. A little group tudents who had accepted Loe's prines joined him in this obduracy, going so as to strip the gowns from the persons

1002, the Aamirai discussed with repys a plan for sending his son to Cambridge or some private college. Pepys undertook to write Dr. Fairbrother and inquire into the merits of Hezekiah Burton at Magdalen, as an instructor for the difficult youth. It was impossible to fit him into any school under the dominion of the Church of England and in wrath his father forbade him the house. His mother interceded, with the result that he was sent to Europe for the grand tour, presumably with outward success, for on August 6, 1664, Mrs. Pepys informs Samuel that "Mr. Pen, Sir William's son, is come back from France and come to visit her. A most modish person, grown, she says, a fine gentleman."

After dinner on the 30th of the same month "comes Mr. Pen to visit me, and staid an hour talking with me. I perceive something of learning he has got, but a great deal, if not too much of the vanity of

dy of law, but could not interest himself it. To keep him out of the way and ress his dangerous thoughts he was given management in 1665, of an estate owned the Admiral in Ireland, where he went 1 did as he pleased, falling in again with omas Loe and resuming his Quaker ws. December 29th, 1667, Pepys records all from Mrs. Turner “. . . and there, ong other talk, she tells me that Mr. illiam Pen, who is lately come over from eland, is a Quaker again, or some very lancholy thing; that he cares for no comny, nor comes into any; which is a pleas:thing, after his being abroad so long, and father such a hypocritical rogue and at s time an Atheist."

This return he signalized by intense acity in pressing Quakerism upon the pubto the vexation of his father who was e of the notables of England, as Admiral th under Cromwell and the King. He

of the world. He was the practical man of the commission, from whom James, Duke of York, afterwards, and very briefly King, took most of his advice. He reformed the higgledy-piggledy naval tactics of the time and taught the commanders to attack the enemy in line, the most important change in the sea annals of his country. Knighted in 1665 for service against the Dutch he failed of the peerage because of the public prejudice against his son, which deterred the King from giving him an honor as high as he deserved. As Clerk of the Acts, Pepys was much in contact with him socially and officially. The famous diary teems with references, many of them convivial, others most unkind. He was faithful to the commonwealth as long as it was faithful to itself. Perceiving that it could not hold together after the death of Cromwell he joined with George Monk in bringing about the restoration of the Stuarts.

ched in poor halls and in the streets. newspaper, not having arrived, he took amphleteering to spread his doctrines. s activity reached a crisis in 1669. WritIn his diary under date of February 12, , Pepys says: "... ... Pelling hath got W. Pen's book against the Trinity. I my wife to read it to me; and I find it well writ as, I think, it is too good for ever to have writ it, and it is a serious of book not fit for everybody to read." he extended title of this work was "The dy Foundation Shaken—or those . . trines of one God subsisting in three nct and separate persons; the imposity of God's pardoning persons by an utative refuted from the authority of ɔture testimonies and right reason," etc. was a drastic review of the doctrine he Trinity and as the title implies, unook to prove that the majestic edifice he State Church was not founded upon ck. It created much excitement and

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