its credit, or to grant public money or thing of value in aid of, or to, any individual, association or corporation whatsoever, or to become a stockholder in any such corporation, association or company by issuing bonds or otherwise.

95. There can be no law of this State impairing the obligation of contracts by destroying or impairing the remedy for their enforcement; and the Legislature shall have no power to revive any right or remedy which may have become barred by lapse of time, or by any statute of this State. After suit has been commenced on any cause of action, the Legislature shall have no power to take away such cause of action, or destroy any existing defense to such suit.

96. The Legislature shall not enact any law not applicable to all the counties in the State, regulating costs and charges of courts, or fees, commissions or allowances of public officers. 97. The Legislature shall not authorize payment to any person of the salary of a deceased officer beyond the date of his death.

98. The Legislature shall not retire any officer on pay, or part pay, or make any grant to such retiring officer.

99. Lands belonging to or under the control of the State shall never be donated directly or indirectly to private corporations, associations or individuals, or railroad companies ; nor shall such lands be sold to corporations or associations for a less price than that for which they are subject to sale to individuals; provided, that nothing contained in this section shall prevent the Legislature from granting a right of way, not exceeding one hundred and twenty-five feet in width, as a mere easement, for railroads or telegraph or telephone lines across State lands, and the Legislature shall never dispose of the land covered by such right of way except subject to such

easement.

100. No obligation or liability of any person, association or corporation held or owned by this State, or by any county or other municipality thereof, shall ever be remitted, released or postponed, or in any way diminished, by the Legislature; nor shall such liability or obligation be extinguished except by payment thereof; nor shall such liability, or obligation be exchanged or transferred except upon payment of its face value; provided, that this section shall not prevent the Legislature from providing by general law for the compromise of doubtful claims.

IOI. No State or county official shall, at any time during his term of office, accept, either directly or indirectly, any fee, money, office, appointment, employment, reward or thing of value, or of personal advantage, or the promise thereof, to lobby for or against any measure pending before the Legislature, or to give or withhold his influence to secure the passage or defeat of any such measure.

102.

The Legislature shall never pass anv law to authorize or legalize any marriage between any white person and a negro, or a descendant of a negro.

103. The Legislature shall provide by law for the regulation, prohibition, or reasonable restraint of common carriers, partnerships, associations, trusts, monopolies, and combinations of capital, so as to prevent them or any of them from making scarce articles of necessity, trade or commerce, or from increasing unreasonably the cost thereof to the consumer, or preventing reasonable competition in any calling, trade or business.

LOCAL LEGISLATION.

104. The Legislature shall not pass a special, private or local law in any of the following cases:

(1.)-Granting a divorce;

(2.)-Relieving any minor of the disabilities of non-age; (3.)-Changing the name of any corporation, association or individual;

(4.)-Providing for the adopting or legitimizing of any

child;

(5.)—Incorporating a city, town or village;

(6.)-Granting a charter to any corporation, association or individual;

(7.)-Establishing rules of descent or distribution;

(8.)-Regulating the time within which a civil or criminal. action may be begun;

(9.)—Exempting any individual, private corporation or association from the operation of any general law;

(10.)-Providing for the sale of the property of any individual or estate;

(11.)-Changing or locating a county seat;

(12.)-Providing for a change of venue in any case; (13.)-Regulating the rate of interest;

(14.)-Fixing the punishment of crime.

(15.)-Regulating either the assessment or collection of taxes, except in connection with the readjustment, renewal, or extension of existing municipal indebtedness created prior to the ratification of the Constitution of eighteen hundred and seventy-five;

(16.) Giving effect to an invalid will, deed or other instrument;

(17.)-Authorizing any county, city, town, village, district or other political subdivision of a county, to issue bonds or other securities unless the issuance of said bonds or other securities shall have been authorized before the enactment of such local or special law, by a vote of the duly qualified electors of such county, township, city, town, village, district or other political subdivision of a county, at an election held for such purpose, in the manner that may be prescribed by law; provided, the Legislature may without such election, pass special laws to refund bonds issued before the date of the ratification of this Constitution;

(18.)-Amending, confirming or extending the charter of any private municipal corporation, or remitting the forfeiture

thereof; provided, this shall not prohibit the Legislature from altering or re-arranging the boundaries of the city, town or village;

(19.)-Creating, extending or impairing any lien;

(20.)-Chartering or licensing any ferry, road or bridge; (21.)-Increasing the jurisdiction and fees of justices of the peace, or fees of constables;

(22.)-Establishing separate school districts; (23.)-Establishing separate stock districts;

(24.)-Creating, increasing or decreasing fees, percentages or allowances of public officers;

(25.)-Exempting property from taxation or from levy or

sale;

(26.)-Exempting any person from jury, road or other civil

duty;

(27.)-Donating any lands owned by or under control of the State to any person or corporation;

(28.)-Remitting fines, penalties or forfeitures;

(29.)-Providing for the conduct of elections or designating places of voting, or changing the boundaries of wards, precincts or districts, except in the event of the organization of new counties, or the changing of the lines of old counties; (30.)-Restoring the right to vote to persons convicted of infamous crimes, or crimes involving moral turpitude;

(31.)-Declaring who shall be liners between precincts or between counties.

104. The Legislature shall pass general laws for the cases enumerated in this section, provided that nothing in this section or article shall affect the right of the Legislature to enact local laws regulating or prohibiting the liquor traffic; but no such local law shall be enacted unless notice shall have been given as required in Section 106 of this Constitution.

No special, private or local law, except a law fixing the time of holding courts, shall be enacted in any case which is provided for by a general law, or when the relief sought can be given by any court of this State; and the courts, and not the Legislature, shall judge as to whether the matter of said law is provided for by a general law, and as to whether the relief sought can be given by any court; nor shall the Legislature indirectly enact any such special, private or local law by the partial repeal of a general law.

106. No special, private or local law shall be passed on any subject not enumerated in Section 104 of this Constitution, except in reference to fixing the time of holding courts, unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published, without cost to the State, in the county or counties where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated, which notice shall state the substance of the proposed law and be published at least once a week for four consecutive weeks in some newspaper published in such county or counties, or if there is no newspaper published therein, then by posting the said notice

for four consecutive weeks at five different places in the county or counties prior to the introduction of the bill; and proof by affidavit that said notice has been given shall be exhibited to each house of the Legislature, and said proof spread upon the Journal. The courts shall pronounce void every special, private or local law which the Journals do not affirmatively show was passed in accordance with the provisions of this section.

107. The Legislature shall not, by a special, private or local law, repeal or modify any special, private or local law except upon notice being given and shown as provided in the last preceding section.

108. The operation of a general law shall not be suspended for the benefit of any individual, private corporation or association; nor shall any individual, private corporation or association be exempted from the operation of any general law except as in this article otherwise provided.

IIO.

109. The Legislature shall pass general laws under which local and private interests shall be provided for and protected. A general law within the meaning of this article is a law which applies to the whole State; a local law is a law which applies to any political subdivision or subdivisions of the State less than the whole; a special or private law within the meaning of this article is one which applies to an individual, association or corporation.

III.

No bill introduced as a general law in either House of the Legislature shall be so amended on its passage as to become a special, private or local law.

ARTICLE V.

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

112. The Executive department shall consist of a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney General, State Auditor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Superintendent of Education, Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries, and a Sheriff for each county.

113. The supreme executive power of this State shall be vested in a chief magistrate, who shall be styled "The Governor of the State of Alabama."

114. The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney General, State Auditor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Superintendent of Education, and Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at the same time and places appointed for the election of members of the Legislature in the year nineten hundred and two, and in every fourth year thereafter.

115. The returns of every election for Governor, Lieuten

2

ant-Governor, Attorney General, State Auditor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Superintendent of Education, and Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries shall be sealed up and transmitted by the returning officers to the seat of government, directed to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who shall, during the first week of the session to which such returns shall be made, open and publish them in the presence of both Houses of the Legislature in joint convention; but the Speaker's duty and the duty of the joint convention shall be purely ministerial. The result of the election shall be ascertained and declared by the Speaker from the face of the returns without delay. The person having the highest number of votes for any one of said offices shall be declared duly elected; but if two or more persons shall have an equal and the highest number of votes for the same office, the Legislature by joint vote, without delay, shall choose one of said persons for said office. Contested elections for Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney General, State Auditor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Superintendent of Education, and Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries shall be determined by both Houses of the Legislature in such manner as may be prescribed by law.

116. The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney General, State Auditor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Superintendent of Education, and Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries, elected after the ratification of this Constitution, shall hold their respective offices for the term of four years from the first Monday after the second Tuesday in January next succeeding their election, and until their successors shall be elected and qualified. After the first election under this Constitution no one of said officers shall be eligible as his own successor; and the Governor shall not be eligible to election or appointment to any office under this State, or to the Senate of the United States, during his term, and within one year after the expiration thereof.

117. The Governor and Lieutenant-Governor shall each be at least thirty years of age when elected, and shall have been citizens of the United States ten years and resident citizens of this State at least seven years next before the date of their election. The Lieutenant-Governor shall be ex-officio President of the Senate, but shall have no right to vote except in the event of a tie.

118. The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Attorney General, State Auditor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Superintendent of Education, and Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries shall receive compensation to be fixed by law, which shall not be increased or diminished during the term for which they shall have been elected, and shall, except the Lieutenant-Governor, reside at the State Capital during the time they continue in office, except during epidemics. The