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correcting errors and bad management in the domeftic relations.-At the fame place, the above fociety have published "Prize Effys on the Defects of the lower Schools;" and “on the best Theory of Rewards and Punishments in Schools;" which are particularly adapted to the circumstances and regulations of the new republic, but afford hints that may contribute to the improvement of schools, and fcholaftic difcipline, in other countries. At Leyden, M. Voorda has published "twenty-eight Decades of controverfial Thefes," on various fubjects in jurifprudence.-In this department of our annual labours for the year 1788, we introduced to our readers the first volume of M. Sepp's "Wonders of God contemplated in the most minute Creatures, or the Infects of the Netherlands defcribed, &c." publifhed at Amfterdam. We have now to announce the completion of the third volume of that arduous and beautiful work, published at the fame place, which comprises the firft and fecond claffes of Papilios, and the first and second claffes of Phalena. -At the fame place hath appeared "An Account of the laft Revolution of the United Provinces," which is reprefented to be a faithful and well written narrative of that event.-At the fame place, M. J. H. van Swinden has publifhed "An Eulogy on P. Nieuwland, read in the Society Felix meritis." The fubject of this warm and elegant eulogy, who died at the age of thirty, was a perfon of extraordinary genius and talents, which pointed him out as a proper perfon to fill the chair of profeffor of natural knowledge, the higher mathematics, civil and military architecture, hydraulics and aftronomy, at Leyden. It appears that the

ties of his office were difcharged

by him with eminent reputation, while he occafionally diftinguished himfelf by works of fancy and tafte.-At Dordrecht, M. Hoeufft has published a paraphraftic Latin verfion, "Anacreonti quæ tribuuntur Carminum," which is not deftitute of merit, although the elegiac measure chofen by the author is not the beft adapted to convey the fpirit of the light effufions of his original.-At Rotterdam, M. Henry Collot d'Efcury has published a volume of "Juvenile Poems," in Latin, which are faid to reflect credit on his genius and claffical attainments.At Amfterdam hath appeared a volume of "Oriental Apologues and Tales, by the Abbé Blanchet," well known by his fingularities, humour, and extreme fenfibility; which are told in a manner that will entertain and pleafe the reader. Many of them have appeared, in different forms, in other publications; and fome are tranflated from the English.

Among the productions of Germany, for the year 1797, in Biblical Literature and Criticism, we meet with the "Academical Lectures of Sam. Fred. Nathan Morus, on the Interpretation of the New Teftament, prepared for the Press, with a Preface, and Additions, by H. C. Abr. Eichstadt, P. D." vol. I. pub

hed at Leipfic. Profeffor Morus's Lectures were a kind of free comment on Ernefti, and deservedly obtained for the author a high degree of reputation, on account of the extenfive erudition and critical acumen difplayed in them. From the fpecimen before us, the editor appears well qualified to deliver them to the world in a manner not unworthy of their respectable author.-At the fame place, M. C. Aug. Hempel has published." Explanatory Lectures on the three Epiftles of John, with a new Latin Paraphrafe on them," by the same

author.

author. These Lectures are printed from a copy which the editor took while an auditor of the profeffor; and although less valuable, and lefs correct than the preceding, will. prove an acceptable prefent to biblical fcholars.-At Helmftadt, Dr. H. Ph. Con. Henke has published a German tranflation of archdeacon Paley's "Hore Pauline," which the foreign journals pronounce to be much improved in its new drefs, by the remarks of the tranflator which accompany it.-At Lemgo, M. Eman. Berger has published "A Sketch of a moral Introduction to the New Teftament, for Teachers of Religion, and thinking Chriftians," volume I. The object of the author in this work is, to give an expofition of all the moral precepts, whether of general acceptation, or adapted to particular times and circumftances, that are contained in the New Teftament writings. The volume before us comprehends the Gofpels of Matthew and Mark, with a general introduction; and is executed with confiderable learning and ability. When expreffing his opinion of the hiftory of our Saviour's temptation, he rejects the literal fcheme of interpretation, and the equally abfurd hypothefis of diabolical illufion: but inftead of adopting our excellent Farmer's fimple and rational scheme of its being a relation of a divine vifion, containing fymbolical predictions and reprefentations of the principal trials and difficulties attending Chrift's public miniftry, he fuppofes it to be a moral fiction, related by Jefus for the inftruction of his difciples, and by them mifunderstood.-At Leipfic, Dr. G. J. Planck has published the fecond volume of his excellent "Introduction to the Science of Theology," which as a critical, exegetical, and historical work, is of

very high importance in biblical literature. The first volume was announced by us in our Regifter for the year 1794.-At the fame place, M. C. Lew. Dreyfen has published a treatise "on the best Mode of inftructing Youth in the Chriftian Religion." This is a judicious, rational performance, and will be highly prized by thofe Chriftians whofe creed contains nothing in it' that is fuperftitious or myftical.—At the fame place, profeffor S. Theoph. Lange, of Jena, has publithed a "Hiftory of the Dogmas, or Articles of Faith, of the Chriftian Church, extracted from the Fathers," vol. I. In this work the author's erudition and critical fkill appear to confiderable advantage; but united to a freedom of opinion which will not meet with the approbation of Trinitarian and high orthodox divines. Prefixed to the volume is a well-drawn sketch of Chriftianity, as delivered by Christ and the apoftles, and a comparison of it with Judaifm.-At Erlangen, Dr. G. F. Siller, a friend to the Lutheran fyftem, has published a work, in two volumes, "on Divine Revelations, and particularly those which were made to Jefus and his Apoftles," which is valuable and interefting, as exhibiting a ftriking inftance of the good effects produced on men's minds of late by the progrefs of philofophy, and the historical mode of explaining the fcriptures. To thofe advocates for revelation who do not take too high ground, it will prove an acceptable prefent.-At Leipfic, an anonymous popular tract of confiderable merit has appeared, entitled "Religion an important Concern of Mau;" the object of which is to fhew, that religion is equally conducive to man's real happiness, and congenial to his nature.-With

years,

out

out an imprint, a fenfible and wellwritten tract against the celibacy of the clergy, has been circulated in Germany, entitled "Free Thoughts on the Marriage of Priests, as the Bális of a highly neceffary Reform in the Catholic Priesthood, in an Examination of the late Ordinances of the Confiftory of the Prince Bishop, against the Incontinency of the Clergy of the Diocese of Ratisbon, by a Bavarian Profeffor of The ology."-At Magdeburg, M. C. G. Ribbeck has published a fecond volume of "Sermons adapted to the Spirit and Wants of the Times and Place," which are faid to be entitled to equal commendation with the former, noticed in our laft year's Regifter. At Coburg, Onefimus Braun, of the order of St. Francis, has published "Inftructions for a Chriftian Life, in feven practical Difcourfes, delivered to the Country-people during Lent," which inculcate found morality, and liberal opinions, and thoughout hint that there is no merit in the mechanical faying of a rofary. The latter have procured the author the honour of having his work prohibited at Vienna.

Under the heads of Philofophy, Jurifprudence, and political Economy, we have not a numerous lift of articles to infert in our prefent year's catalogue. At Marburg, profeffor Theodore Tiedemann has published the fixth volume of his learned and ingenious work, entitled "TheSpirit of Speculative Philofophy," which we introduced to our readers in our laft volume. This part of our author's labours terminates with the clofe of the feventeenth century. At forme future period, fhould the fentiments of bis contemporaries refpecting his qualifications for such a task, afford him fufficient encouragement, it is bis intention to write the Hiftory of

of Speculative Philofophy during the Eighteenth Century.-At Halle, profeffor Lewis H. Jacob has publifhed a collection of "Mifcellane ous Philofophical Effays in Teleology, Politics, Theology and Morals," the characteristics of which are good fenfe, perfpicuity, and liberality. The most important of them are on the doctrine of final caufes; the principles by which political opinions and actions are to be judg ed; and a philofophical dialogue on providence.-"The Metaphyfics of Morals, by Immanuel Kant," publifhed at Konigsberg, appear to us, inftead of throwing light on that fcience, to confound and bewilder the reader, by the peculiarities which we have repeatedly noticed to be promenent in the profeffor's fyftem.

The fame remark is applicable to his "Metaphyfical Elements of Jurifprudence," publifhed at the fame place. Much of what is valuable and important is, without queftion,, comprehended in this work, as well as the former, but it is frequently involved in an obfeurity and unintelligiblenefs of expreffion, that greatly detract from its merit. The author is an advocate for the reprefentative form of government, abolifhing all hereditary nobility, and hereditary offices of state, and allowing the chief magiftrate no authority but merely to execute the will of the people.-At Carifhue have appeared "Difcourfes with enlightened Citizens of the County of Baden, at the Conclufion of the Fiftieth Year of the Reign of Charles Frederic," which are stated to contain a pleafing picture of the bene volent endeavours of a good prince to promote the happiness of his fubjects. At Gottingen, M. G. Fred. von Martens has published a "Sketch of an Hiftorical Developement of the true Origin of the Laws of Bills

of

of Exchange; a Fragment of the Hiftory of Trade in the middle Ages; with a Collection of ancient Documents hitherto little known in Germany, confifting chiefly of Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Englif Laws on the Subject." The ample title will fufficiently inform the reader of the subjects of the author's work, in inveftigating which he has difplayed great induftry and acutenefs. At Hamburgh, profef for Büfch, well known by his valuable theoretico-practical view of commerce, in its various branches, has published an "Effay on the Hiftory of the Commerce of Hamburgh," which is reprefented to be a work of confiderable importance, in a mercantile and political view. At Leiptic, M. C. P. Laurop has published a treatife which deferves notice, "On the Cultivation of Birch, and its Advantages over other Trees, particularly in Places where Wood is fcarce;" and at Gieffen, M. A. F. W. Von Hillef heim has published an afeful, though fhort treatife in political economy, entitled " The improved Management of the filky-haired (or Angora) Rabbit in Germany, conff dered in all its Parts, and collected for the Ufe of thofe who are actually engaged in it, or who intend to be fo."To the above-mentioned articles we add the titles of the following, published at Berlin: "A Collection of useful Effays and Accounts relative to Architecture, for young Architects, and Lovers of the Science, by fome Members of the royal Pruffian upper architectural Department," in 2 vols. with plates; "The rural Architect's Manual, with a View to the Conftruction of Dwelling Houfes, and other neceffary Buildings, by D. Gilly," vol. I.; and "On the Invention, Construction, and Ad- $797.

vantages of Roofs formed of Planks, with a particular View to the original Writing of their Inventor," by the fame author.

In the lift of German productions belonging to the department of Mathematics, Natural Philofophy, &c. we have to infert M. Bode's" Aftronomical Ephemeris for the Year 1798," and alfo that "for the Year 1799," publifhed at Berlin, which are not inferior in valuable communications, and interesting aftronomical news, to their predeceffors.-At Leipfic, M. J. Theop, Riedel has published "Inftructions for the Ufe of the Compafs in practical Geornetry," illuftrated with twelve plates. Few treatifes will be found fo fatiffactory as that before us, in enabling the reader to determime the degree of accuracy which the compass admits, the method of proving it, the means of correcting the faults difcovered, and other things neceffary to be known in the ufe of that inftrument.-At Berlin, profeffor Jef. Huth has published a tranflation from the French, of" J. H. Lambert's Treatife on fome acous tic Inftruments, with an Appendix, on the Horn of Alexander the Great, as it is called, on Experiments with an elliptical Speaking Trumpet, and on the Application of Speaking Trumpets to Telegraphy;" which is rendered peculiarly valuable by the additions of the ingenious editor.-At Hamburgh, M. G. Schmeiffer has published a work which cannot fail of proving inte refting to every lover of science: it is entitled "Sketch for a better Acquaintance with the prefent Situation of Science in France." Refpecting the National Institute, the School of Arts, the School of Mineralogy, and the prefent state of manufactures in Paris, it conveys very interefting information, from an au

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thor who examined things very mi-
nutely himself, and had an intro-
duction to the most diftinguished
members in each of the fcientific
departments; with an account of
whom this volume is concluded.
At Leipfic, M. J. G. Hoyer, first
lieutenant of the electoral Saxon
pontonier corps, has published "a
Sketch of a Manual of the Sciences
pertaining to a Pontonier, with a
View to their Application to military
Purposes," in three volumes, which
contain a full and perfpicuous ac-
count of every thing neceffary to
be known in that branch of military
tactics. At Berlin, profeffor M.
Henry Klaproth has published a
fecond volume of Contributions
towards the chemical Knowledge of
mineral Bodies," the greater part of
which are new, and prefents us with
refults of confiderable importance
in general chemistry. The art of
chemical analysis will derive much
improvement from his labours. In
our laft year's Regifter we announc-
ed the appearance of M.Klaproth's
first volume.-At Leipfic, profeffor
C. F. Ludwig has published "Ele-
ments of the natural Hiftory of the
human Species, fketched for aca-
demical Lectures," containing a va-
riety of most important facts, and
original remarks, whence the au-
thor has drawn inftructive conclu-
fions in anthropology.-At Halle,
M. Fran. von Paula Schrank has
publifhed a treatife "on the accef-
fory Veffels of Plants, and their
Ufes," illuftrated with plates, which
contains an ingenious and curious
examination of the different kinds
of hairs and glands that appear on
plants, with a view to afcertain
their offices in the economy of ve-
getable life. He imagines them to
be principally deftined for the ab-
forption or discharge of fluids.

At Erlangen, profefforOlaveSwartz

has published "The West India Flora,enlarged and elucidated, &c." volume I. which is fpoken of in very high terms by the foreign reviewers. At Jena and Leipfic, profeffor A. J. C. Batsch has publifhed "a Sketch of natural Hif tory in general, being an abstract of the Author's Text Books," in which much valuable information is condenfed into a small compafs.-At Hanover, M. A. W. Roth has publifhed "Remarks on the Study of aquatic Plants, of the Clafs Cryp togamia," from which the young botanift may derive much useful inftruction. At Pofen and Berlin, M. F. A. von Humboldt has publifhed "Experiments on the irritated nervous and muscular Fibre, with Conjectures on the chemical Procefs of Life in the animal and vegetab.e Kingdoms," vol. I. illuftrated with plates. This is a moft important work, containing a great variety of interestingfacts and conclufionsfrom them, in animal electricity, which bid fair to lead to confequences of confiderable moment in the practice of medicine.-At Hanover, profeffor G. R. Treviranus has published ' a volume of "Phyfiological Fragments," on the nervous power, and its mode of action, on vital turgefcence, and on real and apparent organic warmth, from which the author has acquired confiderable reputation on the continent.-At Tubingen, M, C. Fred. Cloffius has published an. ingenious" Effay on Decollation," in which, on various grounds, he defends the probability of an opinion, fit maintained by profeffor Semmering, that the head is not deprived of confcioufnefs till fome time after it is separated from the body.-At Halle, Dr. Curt Spren gel has published "a Manual of Pathology," in three volumes, in which he has collected and digefted

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