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tunate expedition was yet considerable. Rear-admiral Nelson lost his right arm by a cannon-shot. Capt. Bowen, of the Terpsichore, an excellent and respectable of ficer, with his first lieutenant and the whole of his boat's crew, went to the bottom by a shell falling in the boat in which they were rowing to the shore. The captain of marines of the Emerald frigate was also killed, and capt. Freemantle wounded. The total loss in killed and wounded was something short of 300 men--a slaughter almost as numerous as in the memorable victory of the 14th of February.

It would exceed our limits, and render our narrative tedious to the reader, to enumerate the various captures which have been made in the course of the campaign by detached cruizers and single frigates. As connected with the general events of the war, it may be proper to mention that on the 16th of July sir John Borlase Warren, with the squadron under his command, discovered in Hodierne bay a French frigate, with fourteen transports, laden with stores for the French navy, under her convoy. Of these, eight became prizes to the British commodore, two were destroyed, and the Calliope frigate, which was the convoy, was driven on shore, and supposed to be scuttled by her crew. On the 11th of the following month a corvette was driven on shore, and gun-boat sunk at the entrance of the river Sable d'Olonne by the same gallant commander; and on the 27th he was so fortunate as to make prizes of a convoy of five more near the mouth of the Garonne, which were laden with naval and military stores for the ships of war and privateers in the adjacent

ports.

In the West-Indies but little remarkable occurred in the course of the campaign, except the reduction of Trinidad, which was taken from the Spaniards in the month of February, by the British forces under the command of sir Ralph Abercrombie and rear-admiral Harvey. On the 12th of that month the forces destined for the expedition were embarked at Fort Royal in Martinique. On the 16th, the British squadron came within sight of Trinidad, and stood towards the gulf of Paria. At half past three in the afternoon the Spanish squa dron was discovered at anchor in Shagramus bay, consisting of four sail of the line and one frigate un der a rear-admiral's flag. As the day was far advanced before he approached the bay, and the enemy appeared in force on Gasparaux island, the admiral ordered three of the ships of war to proceed a little farther up the gulf, and anchor with all the transports, while three others were directed to keep under sail during the night, to prevent any vessel sailing from poit Espagne. At two o'clock the following morning the Spanish squadron was discovered to be on fire, and every one of them but one was consumed. This unexpected change of affairs directed the whole attention of the general to the attack of the town, of which he possessed himself with little or no resistance. Soon after a capitulation was entered into with the governor, and the whole colony submitted to his Britannic majesty.

An attempt which proved not so successful was soon after made by the same forces which had reduced Trinidad against Porto Rico. On Monday, 17th of April, the fleet under the command of admiral

Harvey made the island of Porto Rico, and came to anchor at Congrejos point. The next morning the troops under sir RalphAbercrombie were disembarked in a small bay on the north side of the island with little opposition from about 100 of the enemy. On approaching the town, however, it was found to be too strongly fortified, and too actively defended by gun-boats and other craft, to admit of any hope of success. After bombarding the town for some days on the south side near a large magazine, but without effect, the general reimbarked his troops on the 30th of April, and retired with the loss of about 200 men.

Soon after his arrival in Barbadoes, sir Ralph Abercrombie acquainted the council that he had it

in command to raise immediately and embody some regiments of negroes, to be procured chiefly by purchase in the different British islands. The general assembly of Barbadoes, in a committee of the whole house, took the subject under consideration in the latter end of January. The speaker, sir John Gay Alleyne, rose and stated his reasons for proposing resolutions adverse to government; and after some deliberation the assembly resolved, that the proposed measure would be more likely to prove destructive than advantageous to the defence of the island. A similar resolution, we have been informed, was entered into by the assembly of Jamaica-so little confidence have the traffickers in man-in the fidelity of those whom they hold in chains.

СНАР.

CHAP. IX.

Campaign in Italy. Vast Preparations of the Emperor. First Movement of the Austrian Army. Advanced Guard of the French defeated. Buonaparte takes the Field. Austrians defeated near Verona. French driven from Corona. Battle of St. Marco, where the Austrians were completely routed. Advances of General Provera. French retreat from Rouco. Battle of Rivoli Rear-guard of General Provera cut off by Angereau. Battle of St. George and La Favorite. Provera taken with his whole Army. Austrians dispersed and defeated in different Parts. French enter Roveredo. Trent taken by the French. Surrender of Mantua. Invasion of the Papal Territories. French take Possession of Loretto. Pope solicits a Negotiation. Treaty with the Pope. Austrian Army again recruited. The Archduke Charles assumes the Command. Austrians fall back on the Approach of Massena Rear-guard of the Austrians taken by Massena. Austrians defeated on the Banks of the Tagliamento. Village of Gradiska taken. Palma-nuova and Town of Gradiska taken, Goritz taken, with all the Austrian Magazines. French enter Trieste. Battle of Tarvis. La Chiuse taken, and all the Austrian Baggage. Battle of Lavis. Botzen and Brixen taken. Battle of Clagenfort. Letter of Buonaparte to the Archduke. French driven from Botzen and Brixen. Battle of Newmark. Battle of Hunsmark. Movements on the Rhine. Armistice. Treaty. Preliminaries signed between the Emperor and France. Government of Venice overthrown by the French. Government of Genoa changed.

N the lively but somewhat in

terly been characteristic of the French historians, the combats of Buonaparte with the power of Austria, in Italy, have been compared to that of Hercules with the Lernean hydra. One vast army was no sooner destroyed than another still more formidable was seen to assume its place, and threaten anew destruction to the victorious assailant. Not discouraged by the calamitous defeat at Arcole, and the consequent destruction of his bravest troops, the emperor, during the short respite which the dead of winter afforded, redoubled his efforts, and depopulated his most flourishing provinces, to raise fresh levies for le relief of Mantua and the expulsion of the Gallic armies

from his Italian dominions. The

men of Vienas not except

ing those of the highest families, were embodied into military corps, and sent post (a method which was first adopted by the French in the Vendean war) to recruit the army of Alvinzi. The grand object was still the same, to penetrate at some point or other the line of defence Buonaparte had established; to march down a strong column upon Mantua; to raise the blockade; to bring once more the experienced Wurmser into the open field; and by one effort to render nugatory all the preceding successes of the French commander. It required the active genius of Buonaparte to ward off a blow so judiciously aimed-it required that good for tune, which was his invariable at

tendant,

tendant, to give effect to those bold sena, and were completely defeated,

and unprecedented which he employed.

manœuvres

It was the latter end of December before the French commander prepared to take the field. The army of Alvinzi amounted at this time, according to report, to 50,000 men, and was posted on the Brenta and in the Tyrol; while the republican army extended along the -Adige, occupied the line of Montebello, Corona, and Rivoli, with advanced guards before Verona and Porto Legnago. Mantua still remained in a state of close blockade. According to a letter from the emperor to general Wurmser, the garrison must have been reduced to the greatest extremity, in the article of provisions especially, having no animal food but the flesh of their

horses.

The Austrian army commenced its hostile movements on the 7th of January; and on the following day the division which had been posted at Padua attacked the advanced guard of general Angereau, which was posted at Bevelagna, before Porto Legnago. After a smart skirmish, the adjutant general Dufaux, who commanded there, found himself under a necessity of retreating to St. Zeno, and the next day to Porto Legnago, having been enabled by his resistance to give time to the whole line to be fully apprised of the march of the enemy, and prepared to receive them.

Buonaparte was himself at this time at Bologna. He, however, lost no time in detaching 2,000 men who were quartered there, towards the Adige, for the relief of Angereau, and immediately after set out for Verona, before which place the Austrians appeared on the morning of the 12th. They attacked the advanced guard under general Mas

with the loss of 600 prisoners and three pieces of cannon. The attack of the Austrians, it appears, was pretty general along the French line; for at the same moment that the advanced posts of Massena were assailed, the division under general Joubert was also attacked at Corona. The Austrians at first gained some slight advantages, and became masters of a redoubt. General Joubert, however, soon rallied his soldiers, retook the redoubt by storm, forced the enemy to retire to their former position, and took up. wards of 300 prisoners.

Repulsed but not defeated, however, the Austrians renewed the attack on Joubert the following day, and with such a superiority of force as compelled him to evacuate Corona, and take a position before Rivoli. This movement of the enemy left the French general no longer in doubt with respect to the intentions of Alvinzi. It was now evident that the Austrian general with his main force was desirous of penetrating his line by the way of Rivoli, and of reaching Mantua by that route; the force with which this attack was to be made was at least double in number to that under general Joubert. Buonaparte now perceived that no time was to be lost. He ordered immediately large reinforcements from the division of Massena, and other quar ters, to Rivoli, where he arrived in person with his staff the same day at midnight. The dispositions of general Joubert, though excellent for a small division, he found by no means adapted to the reinforcements which he had brought he therefore imediately ordered them to resume some of the positions which they had evacuated, and in particular the gate of St. Marco,

which was the key of the whole. Buonaparte, with the officers composing his staff, spent the whole night in reconnoitring the ground, and examining the position of the enemy, who occupied a formidable line of 25,000 strong; their right at Caprino, and their left behind St. Marco.

The Austrian general, who had arranged his plan of attack some days before, expected neither the presence of Buonaparte, nor the reinforcements which Joubert received almost at the instant of attack. While such were the dispositions of the generals, the night proved extremely unquiet to the out-posts on both sides, who kept up almost a constant fire upon each other; and the resumption of he post at St. Marco produced a serious engagement. At day-break on the 14th of January general Joubert with one part of his division attacked the enemy upon the declivity of the hill of St. Marco. The other part occupied the centre, and the left was chiefly composed of the reinforcements which had arrived during the night. The Austrian general still remained ignorant, it appears, both of the presence of the commander in chief, and of the arrival of the reinforcements. His plans were therefore disconcerted, and he acted in the dark. The battle notwithstanding was long and obstinate, and in its commencement the French were driven from some of their posts; while a fresh body of the Austrians advanced to the eminences between the Adige and the lake of Guarda, turned the flank of the French, and completely cut off their communication with Verona and Peschiera. In this embarrassing situation the general lost nothing of his presence of mind. He detached two batta1797.

lions to face this new column; and caused four pieces of light artillery to be planted so as to cannonade the right of their line. In the mean time a reinforcement under the command of general Rey, which had been tardy in its advances, fortunately arrived and took a position exactly in the rear of the column which had turned the French. Buonaparte now pressed the attack with the utmost vigour; and in less than a quarter of an hour the whole column, consisting of 4000 men, laid down their aims. The Austrians were now every where put to the rout, and pursued by the conquerors during the whole of the night. The French general relates, that in the course of their flight a body of 500 men surrendered as prisoners to a party of 50 republicans.

Α

The Austrians remained still masters of Corona, but they were now disabled from acting on the offensive. Buonapate, therefore, ordered general Joubert to attack them the next day, should they be still so imprudent as to retain possession of that place; and he then hastened to encounter new difficulties, and to reap fresh laurels column of the enemy consisting of 10,000 men, under general Provera, had passed the Adige on the night of the 14th, and obliged the French general Guyeux, who guarded the Adige in this quarter, to fall back from Ronco. He, therefore, detached general Victor with a strong reinforcement to Roverbella, and or dered Massena also to take the same route, to stop, if possible, the march of the Austrians. General Joubert, in the mean time, faithfully adhered to the instructions of the commander in chief. General Murat had marched the whole of the night of the 14th with a party of

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