Insurance Redlining: Disinvestment, Reinvestment, and the Evolving Role of Financial InstitutionsRedlining refers to discrimination in the homeowners' insurance market based on racial or ethnic characteristics of neighborhoods or individuals that are unrelated to risk. This book brings new evidence to bear on the issues that have framed almost 30 years of debate over insurance redlining, providing a framework for the development of public policy, private industry practice, and partnerships with community-based organizations that can help make insurance available. Contributors include academics, community organizers, private attorneys, and staffs of government agencies and nonprofit organizations. Contributors include: Tom Baker and Karen McElrath; Stephen Dane; Robert Klein; George Knight; William Lynch; Richard Ritter; Jay Schultz; D.J. Powers; and Shanna Smith and Cathy Cloud. |
Contents
| 10 | |
| 27 | |
| 43 | |
| 78 | |
| 83 | |
Documenting Discrimination by Homeowners | 97 |
The Discriminatory Effects of Homeowners | 119 |
Insurance Claims Discrimination Tom Baker | 141 |
NAACP v American Family William H Lynch | 157 |
Racial Justice and the Role of the U S Department | 187 |
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ACLU actuarial adjusters African American agency agent location American Family analysis ance application average loss costs average premium broad-coverage chapter Chevy Chase cities civil rights claimants consumers Court coverage Department of Insurance differences discriminatory disparate impact disparate-impact dwelling effect ethnicity factors Fair Housing Act FAIR Plan Family's Federal Fair Housing filed groups higher Hispanic home insurance homeowner's insurance homeowners insurance Hurricane Andrew income inner-city insurance claims discrimination insurance companies insurance industry insurance market insurance redlining issue Latino limited-coverage loan loss ratios market share McCarran-Ferguson Act Milwaukee minority neighborhoods mortgage NAACP plaintiffs NAIC Nationwide NFHA nonwhite owner-occupied payment percent percentage practices predominantly property insurance protected classes race racial discrimination rates regression analysis regulation replacement cost residents risk settlement significant standard surance tion U.S. Supreme Court underwriting guidelines urban insurance problems variables Velez voluntary market white testers zip codes