Acts and Laws of the State of Connecticut, in America

shall continue, or until the united states in congrefs affembled fhall deter. mine otherwise.

ART. VII. WHEN land-forces are raised by any ftate for the common MixtRights defence, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, fhall be appointed by of Congress the legislature of each state refpectively, by whom fuch forces fhall be raised, and the fepaor in fuch manner as fuch ftate fhall direct, and all vacancies fhall be filled up by the ftate which first made the appointment.

rate States

Manner of

ART. VIII. ALL charges of war, and all other expences that shall be incurred for the common defence or general welfare, and allowed by defraying the united states in congrefs affembled, fhall be defrayed out of a com- public Exmon treasury, which fhall be fupplied by the feveral states, in proportion pences. to the value of all land within each ftate, granted to or furveyed for any perfon, as fuch land and the buildings and improvements thereon fhall be eftimated according to fuch mode as the united states in congrefs affembled, fhall from time to time direct and appoint. The taxes for paying that proportion fhall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legif latures of the several states within the time agreed upon by the united states in congrefs affembled.

congrefs.

ART. IX. THE united states in congrefs affembled, fhall have the fole and exclufive right and power of determining on peace and war, except in Powers of the cafes mentioned in the fixth article-of sending and receiving ambassa. dors-entering into treaties and alliances, provided that no treaty of commerce fhall be made whereby the legislative power of the respective states fhall be restrained from impofing fuch impofts and dutes on foreigners, as their own people are fubjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or importation of any fpecies of goods or commodities whatsoever of esta blishing rules for deciding in all cafes, what captures on land or water fshall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the fervice of the united states fhall be divided or appropriated-of granting letters of marque and reprifal in times of peace-appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the high feas, and establishing courts for receiving and determining finally appeals in all cafes of captures, provided that no member of congrefs fhall be appointed a judge of any of the faid courts.

THE united states in congrefs affembled shall also be the laft refort on ap. peal in all disputes and differences now fubfifting, or that hereafter may arife between two or more ftates concerning boundary, jurifdiction, or any other cause whatever; which authority fhall always be exercised in the manner following:-Whenever the legislative or executive authority or lawful agent of any state in controverfy with another shall present a petition to congrefs ftating the matter in question, and praying for a hearing, notice thereof fhall be given, by order of congrefs, to the legislative or executive authority of the other state in controverfy, and a day affigned for the appearance of the parties by their lawful agents, who fhall then be directed to appoint, by joint confent, commiffioners or judges to conftitute a court for hearing and determining the matter in queftion; but if they cannot agree, congrefs fhall name three perfons out of each of the united states, and from the lift of fuch perfons each party fhall alternately ftrike out one, the petitioners beginning, until the number fhall be reduced to thirteen; and from that number not less than feven, nor more than nine names, as congrefs fhall direct, fhall, in the prefence of congrefs, be drawn out by lot; and the persons whofe nanies fhall be fo drawn, or any five of them, fhall be commiffioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the controverfy, fo always as a major part of the judges who fhall hear the cause fhall agree in the determination: And if either party fhall neglect to attend at the day appointed, with out fhewing reafons, which congrefs fhall judge fufficient, or being present fhall refufe to ftrike, the congrefs fhall proceed to nominate three perfons

out

But of each state, and the secretary of congress shall ftrike in behalf of fuch party abfent or refufing; and the judgment and fentence of the court to be appointed, in the manner before prefcribed, fhall be final and conclufive; and if any of the parties fhall refufe to fubmit to the authority of fuch court, or to appear or defend their claim or caufe, the court fhall nevertheless proceed to pronounce fentence, or judgment, which shall in like manner be final and decifive, the judgment or fentence and other proceedings being in either cafe tranfmitted to congrefs, and lodged among the acts of congrefs for the fecurity of the parties concerned: provided that every commiffioner, before he fits in judgment, fhall take an oath to be adminiftred by one of the judges of the fupreme or fuperior court of the state, where the cause shall be tried, "well and truly to hear and determine the matter in question, according to the best of his judgment, without favour, affection or hope of reward:" provided alio that no ftate fhall be deprived of territory for the benefit of the united states.

ALL controverfies concerning the private right of foil claimed under different grants of two or more ftates, whofe jurifdictions as they may refpect fuch lands, and the ftates which paffed fuch grants are adjusted, the faid grants or either of them being at the fame time claimed to have originated antecedent to fuch fettlement of jurifdiction, shall on the petition of either party to the congrefs of the united ftates, be finally determined as near as may be in the fame manner as is before prefcribed for deciding difputes refpecting territorial jurifdiction between different ftates.

THE united states in congrefs affembled shall also have the fole and exclufive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin ftruck by their own authority, or by that of the refpective states-fixing the standard of weights and measures throughout the united states-regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of the ftates, provided that the legislative right of any ftate within its own limits be not infringed or violated-establishing and regulating post-offices from one state to another, throughout all the united states, and exacting fuch postage on the papers paffing through the fame as may be requifite to defray the expences of the faid office-appointing all officers of the land forces, in the fervice of the united states, excepting regimental officers-appointing all the officers of the naval forces, and commiffioning all officers whatever in the service of the united states-making rules for the government and regulation of the faid land and naval forces, and directing their operations.

THE united states in congrefs affembled fhall have authority to appoint a committee, to fit in the recefs of congrefs, to be denominated, "A Committee of the States," and to confift of one delegate from each ftate and to appoint fuch other committees and civil officers as may be neceffary for managing the general affairs of the united ftates under their direction-to appoint one of their number to prefide, provided that no perfon be allowed to ferve in the office of prefident more than one year in any term of three years; to ascertain the neceffary fums of money to be raised for the service of the united ftates, and to appropriate and apply the fame for defraying the public expences-to borrow money, or emit bills on the credit of the united states, tranfmitting every half year to the refpective ftates an account of the fums of money fo borrowed or emitted-to build and equip a navy-to agree upon the number of land forces, and to make requifitions from each ftate for its quota, in proportion to the number of white inhabitants in fuch state; which requifition fhall be binding, and thereupon the legiflature of each state fhall appoint the regimental officers, raise the men, and cloath, arm and equip them in a foldier like manner, at the expence of the united states,

and

and the officers and men fo cloathed, armed and equipped shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the united states in congrefs affembled: But if the united states in congrefs affembled fall, on confideration of circumftances judge proper that any ftate fhould not raise men, or should raise a smaller number than its quota, and that any other ftate fhould raife a greater number of men than the quota thereof, fuch extra number fhall be raised, officered, cloathed, armed and equipped in the fame manner as the quota of such state, unless the legislature of fuch ftate fhall judge that fuch extra number cannot be safely fpared out of the fame, in which cafe they fhall raife, officer, cloath, arm and equip as many of fuch extra number as they judge can be fafely fpared. And the officers and men fo cloathed, armed and equipped, fhall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the united states in congrefs

affembled.

THE united states in congrefs affembled fhall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque and reprifal, in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the fums and expences neceffary for the defence and welfare of the united states, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the united states, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of veffels of war, to be built or purchased, or the number of land or fea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander in chief of the army or navy, unless nine ftates affent to the fame: nor fhall a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day be determined, unless by the votes of a majority of the united states in congrefs affembled.

THE Congress of the united states fhall have power to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within the united states, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space of fix months, and fhall publish the journal of their proceedings monthly, except fuch parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances or military operations, as in their judgment require fecrefy; and the yeas and nays of the delegates of each ftate on any question fhall be entered on the journal, when it is defired by any delegate; and the delegates of a ftate, or any of them, at his or their requeft fhall be furnished with a tranfcript of the faid journal, except fuch parts as are above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the several ftates.

ART. X. THE committee of the ftates, or any nine of them, fhall be authorised to execute, in the recefs of congrefs, fuch of the powers of congress as the united states in congrefs affembled, by the confent of nine ftates, fhall from time to time think expedient to veft them with; provided that no power be delegated to the faid committee, for the exercise of which, by the articles of confederation, the voice of nine ftates in the congrefs of the united states affembled is requifite.

ART. XI. CANADA acceeding to this confederation, and joining in the measures of the united states, fhall be admitted into, and entitled to all the advantages of this union: but no other colony fhall be admitted into the fame, unless such admiffion be agreed to by nine ftates.

ART. XII. ALL bills of credit emitted, monies borrowed and debts contracted by, or under the authority of congrefs, before the affembling of the united states, in pursuance of the prefent confederation, fhall be deemed and confidered as a charge against the united states, for payment and fatisfaction whereof the faid united states, and the public faith are hereby folemnly pledged.

ART.

Committee

of the States & its powers.

Admiffion of Canada, and to the Union.

other States

Public Faith pledged for past Engage

ments of

Congress.

Obligation of the States to abide by the

on of Congrefs, &c.

'ART. XIII. EVERY ftate fhall abide by the determinations of the united ftates in congrefs affembled, on all queftions which by this confederation are fubmitted to them. And the Articles of this confederation fhall be inviolably obferved by every state, and the union fhall be perpetual; nor fhall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them; unless fuch alteration be agreed to in a congrefs of the united states, and be afterwards confirmed by the legislatures of every state.

THESE Articles fhall be propofed to the legislatures of all the united states, to be confidered, and if approved of by them, they are advised to authorize their delegates, to ratify the fame in the congress of the united states; which being done, the fame shall become conclufive.

By order of Congrefs,

HENRY LAURENS, PRESIDENT,