fcribed our names, the day of in the year of our

Lord

But in order to accommodate the fame more strictly to the aforefaid canon, ftatute, and directions of archbishop Wake; perhaps the form might be more regularly thus: To the right reverend father in God Charles lord bishop of Carlife.

Whereas our beloved in Chrift, A. B. bachelor of arts, bath declared unto us his intention of offering himself a candidate for the holy order of deacon; and for that end hath requefted our letters teftimonial of his good and honeft life and converfation and other due qualifications, to be granted to him; We, whose names and feals are hereunto fet, do teftify by these prefents, that we have perfonally known the life and behaviour of the aforefaid A. B. for the space of three years now last past; and that he bath, during the faid time, been a perfon of good and honeft life, and converfation; and that he profeffeth the doctrine expreffed in the articles of religion agreed upon by the archbishops and bishops of both provinces, and the whole clergy in the convocation holden at London, in the year of our Lord one thousand five hundred and fixty-two: And we do believe in our confciences, that the faid A. B. is qualified to be admitted (if it shall so please your lordship) to the holy order of deacon (or, prieft). Given under our hands and feals the

of

in the year of our Lord

day

Hath declared unto us his intention of offering himself a candidate for the holy order of deacon] This, according to the archbishop's directions, feemeth to exprefs the particular end and defign for which the testimonial is granted.

That we have perfonally known the life and behaviour &c.] And not by way of recital, whofe life and behaviour we have known, or having been perfonally known unto us, or the like; for the archbishop's directions in this cafe do require a pofitive declaration.

And that he hath during the faid time been a perfon of good and boneft life and converfation] This is required by the tanon and the ftatute aforegoing: And herein the perfons Egning the teftimonial do undertake for his behaviour.

And that be professeth the doctrine &c.] Herein they undertake for his orthodoxy: and this by the ftatute aforefaid is required to be peremptory and exprefs; and not, fe far as we know, or the like; for it is poffible they may not have used the proper means of information.

And we do believe in our confciences &c.] In order to the ferming of which belief, fome fort of previous examinaton of the party, by the perfons figning the teftimonial,

feemeth

feemeth to be implied: And herein they undertake for his learning. Whereas, before; for deacon's orders, they did only take upon them, the knowledge of his behaviour; for prief's orders, of his behaviour and orthodoxy; but now, for both, by thefe directions, they are to take upon them the knowledge of his behaviour, orthodoxy, and learning: Altho' this laft is moft properly the bishop's province; and not at all the lefs fo, notwithstanding fuch teftimonial.

Organ. See Church.

Ornaments of the church. See Church.

Dlculatory.

THE ofculatory, was a tablet or board, with the picture of Chrift, or the bleffed virgin, or fome other of the faints, which after the confecration of the elements in the eucharift, the priest first kiffed himself, and then delivered it to the people for the fame purpose.

Ditiary.

OSTIARY, is one of the five inferior orders in the

Roman church; whofe office it is, to keep the doors of the church, and to toll the bell. Gibf. 99.

Overfeers of a will. See Wills.
Oxford. See Colleges.

Pall.

ΤΗ HE pall, pallium epifcopale, is a hood of white

lamb's wool, to be worn as doctors' hoods upon the fhoulders, with four crosses woven into it. And this pallium epifcopale is the arms belonging to the fee of Canterbury. God. 23. 1 Warn. 45.

Pannage.

Pannage.

PANNAGE, pafnage (perhaps from pafco, to feed),

is the fruit of trees which the fwine or other cattle feed upon in the woods; as acorns, crabs, mast of beech, chefnuts, and other nuts and fruits of trees in the woods: which is treated of under the title Tithes.

Sometimes alfo pannage is used to fignify the money which is paid for the pannage ittelf.

Papift, See Popery.

59

Paraphernalia.

PARAPHERNALIA, from waga præter, and egon

dos, are the woman's apparel, jewels, and other things, which in the lifetime of her husband fhe wore as the ornaments of her perfon, to be allowed at the difcretion of the court, according to the quality of her and her husband. Law of Teft. 383.

Which is treated of under the title Wills, V. 16. and Marriage, 11. 4.

"IT

Pardon.

T feemeth to have been always agreed, that the king's pardon will discharge any fuit in the fpiritual court ex officio: also it seems to be fettled at this day, that it will likewife difcharge any fuit in fuch court ad inftantiam partis pro reformatione morum or falute animæ, as for defamation, or laying violent hands on a clerk, or fuch like; for fuch fuits are in truth the fuits of the king, though profecuted by the party. 2 Haw. 394.

2. Also, it seems to be agreed, that if the time to which fuch pardon hath relation, be prior to the award of cofts to the party, it fhall difcharge them: And it feems to be the general tenor of the books, that though it be fubfequent to the award of the cofts, yet if it be prior

to

to the taxation of them, it fhall discharge them, because nothing appears in certain to be due for cofts, before they are taxed. id.

3. Also, if a perfon be imprisoned on a writ de excommunicato capiendo, for his contumacy in not paying cofts, and afterwards the king pardons all contempts, it seems that he shall be discharged of fuch imprisonment, without any fcire facias against the party; because it is grounded on the contempt, which is wholly pardoned: and the party must begin anew to compel a payment of the costs. 2 Haw. 394.

4. But it feems agreed, that a pardon fhall not discharge a fuit in the fpiritual court, any more than in a temporal, for a matter of intereft or property in the plaintiff, as for tithes, legacies, matrimonial contracts, and fuch like. Alfo it is agreed, that after cofts are taxed in a fuit in fuch court at the prosecution of the party, whether for a matter of private intereft, or pro reformatione morum or falute animæ, as for defamation, or the like, they fhall not be discharged by a subsequent pardon. id.

5. A perfon admitted to the benefit of clergy, is not to be deprived in the fpiritual court, for the crime for which he hath had his clergy. For a pardon frees the party from all fubfequent punishment, and consequently from deprivation. 2 Haw. 364.

6. By the ftatute of the 20 G. 2. c. 52. (which is the Jaft act of general pardon) all contempts in the ecclefiaftical court in matters of correction are pardoned; but not in causes which have been commenced for matters of right.

Parith.

Firft inftitution I. (A.) AT firft there were no parochial divifions of

of parishes.

cures here in England, as there are now. For the bishops and their clergy lived in common; and before that the number of chriftians was much increased, the bishops fent out their clergy to preach to the people, as they faw occafion. But after the inhabitants had generally embraced christianity, this itinerant and occafional going from place to place, was found very inconvenient, because of the conftant offices that were to be adminiftered, and the people not knowing to whom they should resort for fpiritual

fpiritual offices and directions. Hereupon the bounds of parochial cures were found neceffary to be fettled here, by thofe bishops who were the great inftruments of converting the nation from the Saxon idolatry. At first they made ufe of any old British churches that were left ftanding; and afterwards from time to time in fucceffive ages, churches were built and endowed by lords of manors and others, for the use of the inhabitants of their several manors or districts, and confequently parochial bounds affixed thereunto. 1 Still. 88, 89.

And it was this which gave a primary title to the patronage of laymen; and which alfo oftentimes made the bounds of a parish commensurate to the extent of a manor. Ken. Impropr. 5, 6, 7.

Many of our writers have afcribed the first inftitution of parishes in England to archbishop Honorius, about the year 636; wherein they built all on the authority of archbishop Parker. But Mr. Selden feems rightly to underftand the expreffion provinciam fuam in parochias divifit, of dividing his province into new diocefes; and this fenfe is juftified by the author of the defence of pluralities. The like diftinction of parifhes which now obtains, could never be the model of Honorius, nor the work of any one age. Some rural churches there were, and fome limits prescribed for the rights and profits of them. But the reduction of the whole country into the fame formal limitations was gradually advanced, being the work of many generations. However at the firft foundation of parochial churches (owing fometimes to the fole piety of the bishop, but generally to the lord of the manor) they were but few and confequently at a great diftance: fo as the number of parishes depending on that of churches, the parochial bounds were at first much larger, and by degrees contracted. For as the country grew more populous, and perfons more devout, feveral other churches were founded within the extent of the former, and then a new parochial circuit was allotted in proportion to the new church, and the manor or estate of the founder of it. Thus certainly began the increase of parishes, when one too large and diffufe for the refort of all inhabitants to the one church, was by the addition of fome one or more new churches cantoned into more limited divifions. This was such an abatement to the revenue of the old churches, that complaint was made of it in the time of Edward the confeffor: "Now (fay they) there be three or four

"churches,