principle was now fully established, that every object of commerce, and particularly the article of provifions, was moft certainly established by the industry and enterprise of those who were engaged in it. After objecting to the Bill in detail, he remarked that it was the intereft of the farmer to fell as dear as he could, and of the jobber to buy as cheap as he could'; and thefe clashing interests were the best fecurity for a good fupply of cattle at a moderate price. He concluded by moving, "That the further confideration of the Report fhould be poftponed to this day three months." The Houfe divided; when there appeared, for it, 7; against it, 39. Sir W. Dolben moved for leave to bring in a Bill to regulate the height between the decks of vellels employed in carrying Slaves. Leave given. FRIDAY, JUNE 30. THE BUDGET. The Houfe having refolved itself into a Committee of Ways and Means for raifing the fupply, Mr. Pitt began by ftating, that it became his duty to propofe new Taxes in lieu of the propofed Tax upon Turnpikes now abandoned, and to fupply a deficit arifing from certain modifications in others which were propofed. There was another (the Parcel Receipt Tax) which he fhould not prefs in the prefent Seffion, on account of feveral difficulties in the detail, which could not be fpeedily removed. The deficit to be made good, he reckoned in the whole at 660,000l. He then entered into a statement of the new Taxes. The first of these would be an additional duty of two fhillings on horfes employed in agriculture, which now paid three fhillings. This he eftimated at 150,000l. The next article was a small increased duty of 5 per cent. on Pepper imported, and 58. per chaldron on Coals exported. He estimated the former at 15,000l. and the latter at 14,000l. The laft article was that of Clocks and Watches. The duty he proposed was 2s. 6d., per ann. on perfons wearing a Silver or Metal Watch; on a Gold one, IOS. and on each Clock (except fuch as are generally ufed in cottages) 5s. To facilitate the collection, he meant to propofe that an account fhould be given. in the fame way as is now done by perfons wearing hair-powder. cluded by moving his first Refolution, which was founded on the firft article of additional taxation above-mentioned. He con A divifion took place on the first Refolution, when there appeared for it, 83; against it, 8. The other Refolutions were feverally put and carried; the Report was ordered to be brought up on Monday, to which day the House adjourned. MR. BURKE's LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT. IF my dear fon and friend had furvived me, any Will would have been unneceffary; but fince it has pleafed God to call him to himfelf before his father, my duty calls upon me to make fuch a difpofition of my worldly effects as feems to my best judgment moft equitable and reasonable; therefore I, EDMUND BURKE, late of the parish of Saint James, Westminster, though fuffering ander fore and inexpreffible affliction, being of found and difpofing mind, do make my laft Will and Teftament in manner following Firt, according to the ancient, good, and laudable custom, of which my heart and understanding recognize the propriety, I bequeath my foul to God, hoping for his mercy through the only merits of our Lord and Saviour Jefus Chrift. My body I defire, if I fhould die in any place very convenient for its VOL. XXXII. AUG. 1797. transport thither (but not otherwise), to be buried in the church at Beaconsfield, near to the bodies of my dearest brother and my dearest fon, in all humility praying, that, as we have lived in perfect unity together, we may together have a part in the refurrection of the juft. I wish my funeral to be (without any punctilioufnefs in that refpect) the fame as that of my brother, and to exceed it as little as poffible in point of charge, whether on account of my family or of any others who would go to a greater expence; and I defire in the fame manner, and with the fame qualifications, that no monument beyond a middle-sized tablet, with a small and fimple infcription on the church wall, or on the flag-stone, be erected. I fay this, because I know the partial kindness to me of fome of my friends. But I have had in my life-time but too much of noife and compliment. As to the reft, it is uncertain what I fhall have after the discharge of my debts, which when I write this are very great. Be that as it may, my Will concerning my worldly fubftance is fhort. As my entirely beloved, faithful, and affectionate wife did, during the whole time in which I lived moft happily with her, take on her the charge and management of my affairs, affifted by her fon, whilst God was pleased to lend him to us, and did conduct them, often in a ftate of much derangement and embarrassment, with a patience and prudence which probably have no example, and thereby left my mind free to profecute my public duty er my ftudies, or to indulge in my relaxations, or to cultivate my friends, at my pleasure; fo, on my death, I wish things to continue as fubftantially as they have always done. I therefore, by this my laft and only Will, devife, leave, and bequeath to my entirely beloved and incomparable wife Jane Mary Burke, the whole real estate of which I shall die feifed, whether land, rents, or houfes, in abfolute fee-fimple; as alfo all my perfonal eftate, whether ftock, furniture, plate, money, or fecurities for money, annuities for lives or for years, be the faid eftate of what nature, quality, extent, or description it may, to her fole uncontrouled poffeffion and difpofal, as her property, in any manner which may feem proper to her to poffefs and difpofe of the fame, whether it be real estate or perfonal eftate, by her last Will or otherwife; it being my intention that the may have as clear and uncontrouled a right and title thereto and therein as I poffefs myself, as to the ufe, expenditure, fale, or devife. I hope thefe words are fufficient to exprefs the abfolute, unconditioned, and unlimited right of complete ownership I mean to give to her to the faid lands and gocds; and I truft that no words of furpluffage or ambiguity may vitiate this my clear intention, There are no perfons who have a right, or I believe a difpofition, to complain of this bequeft, which I have duly weighed, and made on a proper confideration of my duties, and the relations in which I stand. I alfo make my wife Jane Mary Burke aforefaid my fole Executrix of this my taft Will, knowing that the will receive advice and affiftance from her and my excellent friends, Dr. Walker King and Dr. Lawrence, to whom I recommend her and her concerns, though that perhaps is needlefs, as they are as much 2 attached to her as they are to me. I do it only to mark my special confidence in their affection, skill, and industry. I wish that my dear wife may, as foon after my decease as poffible (which, after what has happened, the will fee with. conftancy and refignation), make her Will, with the advice and affiftance of the two perfons I have named. But it is my wifh alfo, that she will not think herself bound up by any bequests the may make in the faid will, and which, while fhe lives, can be only intentions, as not during her life to use her property, with all the liberty I have given her over it, juft as if he had written no will at all; but in every thing to follow the directions of her own equitable and charitable mind, and her own prudent and measured understanding. Having thus committed every thing to her difcretion, I recommend (lubject always to that difcretion) that if I should not, during my life, give or fecure to my dear niece, Mary C. Haviland, wife of my worthy friend Capt. Haviland, the fum of 1000l. or an annuity equivalent to it, that the would bestow upon her that fum of money, or that annuity, conditioned and limited in fuch manner as fhe, my wife aforefaid, may think proper, by a devife in her Will or otherwife, as fhe may find most convenient to the fituation of her affairs, without preffure upon her during her life. My wife put me in mind of this, which I now recommend to her. I certainly, fome years ago, gave my niece reason to expect it; but I was not able to execute my intentions. If I do this in my lifetime, this recommendation goes for no thing. As to my other friends and relations, and companions through life, and efpecially the friends and companions of my fon, who were the deareft of mine, I am not unmindful of what I owe them. If I do not name them all here, and mark them with tokens of my remembrance, I hope they will not attribute it to unkind. nels, or to a want of a due fenfe of their merits towards me. My old friend and faithful companion, Will Burke, knows his place in my heart. I do not mention him as Executor or Affiftant. I know that he will attend to my wife; but I chufe the two I have mentioned, as from their time of life, of greater activity. I recommend him to them. In the political world I have made many connections, and fome of them amongst perfons of high rank. Their friend, friendhip, from political, became perfonal to me; and they have fhewn it in a manner more than to satisfy the utmost demands that could be made from my love and fincere attachment to them. They are the worthiest people in the kingdom: their intentions are excellent, and I with them every kind of fuccefs. I bequeath my brother-in-law, John Nugent, and the friends in my poor fon's lift, which is in his mother's hands, to their protection; as to them and the rest of my companions, who conftantly honoured and chufed our houfe as our inmates, I have put down their names in a lift, that my wife should send them the ufual remembrance of little mourning rings, as a token of my remembrance, In fpeaking of my friends, to whom I Owe fo many obligations, I ought to name efpecially Lord Fitzwilliam, the Duke of Portland, and the Lord Cavendishes, with the Duke of Devonshire, the worthy head of that family. If the intimacy which I have had with others has been broken off by political difference on great questions concerning the ftate of things exifting and impending, I hope they will forgive whatever of general human infirmity, or of my own particular infirmity, has entered into that Contention; I heartily entreat their forgivenets. I have nothing further to fay. Signed and fealed as my last Will and Teftament, this 11th day of August 1794, being written all with my own hand. EDMUND BURKE, (L.S.) being of found and difpofing judgment and memory, make this my laft Will and Testament, in no fort revoking, but explaining and confirming a Will made by me, and dated the 11th of Auguft 1794, in which Will I have left, devised, and bequeathed all my worldly effects, of whatever nature and quality the fame may be, whether lands, tenements, houses, freehold and leafehold interefts, penfions for lives or years, arrears of the fame, legacies, or other debts due to me, plate, household stuff, books, stock in cattle and horses, and utenfils of farming, and all other my goods and chattels, to my Dear Wife, Jane Mary Burke, in as full and perfect manner as the fame might be devifed, conveyed, or transferred to her by any act or inftrument whatsoever, with fuch recommendations as in my Will aforefaid are made, and with a with that in the discharge of my debts the courfe hitherto pursued may be as nearly as poffible obferved. Senfible, however, that in payment of debt no exact rule can be preferved, the fame is therefore left to her difcretion, with the advice of our friends, whom he will naturally confult. The reafon of my making this Will or Codicil to my former Will, is from my having omitted in devising by that Will my Lands and Hereditaments to my Wife aforefaid, the full and abiolute property thereof, and therein I have omitted the legal words of inheritance. Now, though I think those words, however neceflary in a deed, are not fo in a Will; yet, to prevent all queftion, I do hereby devife all my Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments, as well as all other property that may be fubject to a ftrict rule of law in Deeds, and which would pafs, if undevited, to my heirs; I fay, I do devife the fame Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments, to my Wife, Jane Mary Burke, and her heirs for ever, in pure, abfolute, and unconditional fee fimple. I, Edmund Burke, of the parish of Beaconsfield, in the county of Bucks, kindness of my Lord Chancellor (Lord I have now only to recommend to the of Portland, to the Moft Honourable the Loughborough), to his Grace the Duke Marquis of Buckingham, to the Right Honourable William Windham, and to Dr. Lawrence, of the Commons, and Member of Parliament, that they will, after my death, continue their protection and favour to the Emigrant School at Penn, and will intreat with a weight, on which I dare not prefume, the Right Honourable William Pitt to continue the $ 2 neceffary neceffary allowance which he has fo generously and charitably provided for thofe unhappy children of meritorious parents; and that they will fuperintend the fame, which I wish to be under the immediate care and protection of Dr. Walker King and Dr. Lawrence; and that they will be pleased to exert their influence to place the faid young perfons in fome military corps, or other fervice, as may beft iuit their difpo fitions and capacities, praying God te blefs their endeavours. Signed and fealed as a Codicil to my In the presence of DROSSIANA. NUMBER XCV. ANECDOTES OF ILLUSTRIOUS AND EXTRAORDINARY PERSONS, one will accufe of want of piety) fays, in his celebrated Code of Laws, "Let all the Judges, all the common people in cities, and all the business of artizans, be at reft on the venerable day Perufe, sweet Maid, enlighten'd DARWIN'S of Sunday. In the country, however, page, And let its precepts thy whole heart engage: Then shall each charm and virtue of the fair, The smile of kindness, and the modeft air; The brow by wildom polish'd and ferene, The glow of health, and the decorous mien; The eye, that, "speaking fenfe diftinct and clear," Tells in its rays what pleasure 'tis to hear; The tear of pity, that, like gliftening dew, Impearls the opening rofe's crimson hue ;' The robe embrac'd by heav'nly Venus' zone, The flowing treffes that each art disown; Each charm of body, and each gift of mind, Which Nature gave, or culture has refin`d; To thee allicit each ingenuous youth, Each friend to fweet fimplicity and truth; Whilft Virtue's magic fhall the spell improve, And Veneration add its powers to love. let the bufinefs of agriculture go on freely, and without restraint, fince it often happens that on that day the best opportunity occurs for fowing corn and planting vineyards, and pity it is that by the occafion of the moment an opportunity offered by the providence of Heaven fhould be lost." Virgil, indeed, had faid before him in his Georgics, yet ftill by law and right it is allowed "Fas & jura finunt," &c. To do fome certain works on holy days; And then he goes on to speak of agri cultural works. Scævola, the great Roman Lawyer, being one day afked, according to Marcrobius, what work might be done on an holy day, replied, "That which if left undone would occafion mischief, quod omiffum noceret." Indeed the Author of our Faith himself affures us, that any act of charity or of kindness fhould be done on the Sabbath day, and blames the Pharifees for their affected fcrupulofity in the obfervance of that day. Many of our liberal-minded and pious Clergy in the country have, of late years, encouraged their parishioners to work work in harveft-time on Sunday, when the feafon has been catching, and when the crops have been endangered by the variableness of the weather. It were to be wished that this practice were more general, and that the benefits of kind Providence were not too often fuffered to be of no avail, by a reference to the form rather than to the subftance of religion. M. DE CHAMFORT fays well in his Maxims, "The obligation refpecting a fecret, and a fum of money entrusted to you, refts upon the fame footing of confidence, A man without a character is a thing, not a man. "Aman without fixed principles muft be a man devoid of character. Had he been born with any character of mind at all, he muft foon have found the neceffity of laying down to himself fome principles of action. "It is but too often vanity that brings out the complete energy of a man's mind. Put a piece of wood only to a pointed piece of fteel, it is a dart; add to it a few feathers, and it becomes an arrow." "Moft modern books," fays this ingenious writer," have the appearance of being written in a day, from the books that were perufed the day before. When a writer fteals from the Ancients, he is like a pirate who takes prizes beyond the Line; but when he steals from the Moderns, he is like a foot-pad who ftops you in the next street." "General maxims are to the conduct of life what routine is to the Arts, they go but to a certain point towards the excellence of either. "It is a great pity when men of talents do not poffefs ftrength of mind; they have the lanthorn only of Diogenes, without his club." fynonymous terms. Moft of our miferies arifing from want of confideration." DUKE OF ORLEANS, CITIZEN EGA LITE. The Duke of Orleans, and his friends who ferved with him on board the French fleet, difobeyed a fignal made to them by the French Admiral, for reafons of perfonal fafety, as it was fuppofed. This circumftance gave rise to a bon mot of a Lady whom the Duke had fatyrized in a large company, not knowing that he was prefent. "I me paroit," said fhe, "mon Prince, que vous vous connoiffez mieux en fignalement qu'en figneux; I think, Sir, that your Highness understands difcriptions better than fignals." During the fhort time he was confined in prifon at Paris, he drank Champagne very copiously. He appeared before the Revolutionary Tribunal with great refolution and firmness, and when his fentence was read to him, he said to his companion in affliction, “Come, let us go directly to the place of execu tion. He was attended in the carriage that conveyed him to the guillotine by a Prieft, whom he defired not to quit him, and received from him his benediction at the foot of the fcaffold. The carriage ftopped near his own palace, which he contemplated with a fixed look, and appeared to read with attention the infcription placed over it, and to repeat it to himself. LOUIS XVI. KING OF FRANCE. That acute Politician, Frederick the Second, King of Pruffia, fays in one of his letters to Voltaire refpecting the acceffion of the late unfortunate and excellent Monarch to the Throne of that vaft and confused Empire "June 18, 1776 "I have lately learned that the King of France has difplaced fome of his Minifters. I am not aftonished at it. I look upon Louis XVI. as a young lamb in the midst of wolves. He will be in great luck if he gets out of their claws. A perfon who fhould chance to have. been in the habits of Government would be at prefent much puzzled in France;-watched and furrounded with artifices of every kind, they would oblige him to be guilty of mistakes. How much more likely then is it, that a young Prince, without experience, thould be dragged along by the torrent of intrigue and cabal. ་ "Those |