To the senate of the United States, by the state of Georgia, against the tariff.

From a painful conviction, that a manifestation of the public sentiment, in the most imposing and impressive form, is called for by the present agitated state of the southern section of the union:

The general assembly of the state of Georgia have deemed it their duty to adopt the novel expedient of addressing, in the name of the state, the senate of the congress of the United States.

In her sovereign character, the state of Georgia protests against the act of the last session of congress, entitled "An act in alteration of the several acts imposing duties on imports," as deceptive in its title, fraudulent in its pretexts, oppressive in its exactions, partial and unjust in its operations, unconstitutional in its well known objects, ruinous to commerce and agriculture; -to secure a hateful monopoly to a combination of importunate manufacturers.

Demanding the repeal of an act, which has already disturbed the union, and endangered the public tranquillity, weakened the confidence of whole states in the federal government, and diminished the affection of large masses of the people of the union itself-and the abandonment of the degrading system which considers the people as incapable of wisely directing their own enterprise-which sets up the servants of the people, in congress, as the cxclusive judges of what pursuits are most advantageous and suitable for those by whom they were elected; the state of Georgia expects, that, in perpetual testimony thereof, this deliberate and solemn expression of her opinions will be carefully preserved among the archives of the senate, and in justification of her character to the present generation and posterity; if, unfortunately, congress, disregarding this protest, and continuing to pervert powers granted for clearly defined and well understood purposes to effectuate objects never intended, by the great parties by whom the constitution was framed, to be intrusted to the controlling guardianship of the federal government, should render necessary, measures of decisive character, for the protection of the people of the state, and the vindication of the constitution of the United States.

In December, the following resolutions were passed:

Resolved, That this legislature concur with the legislature of the state of South Carolina, in the resolutions adopted at their December session in 1827, in relation to the powers of the general government and state rights. [Vide page 137 supra.]

Resolved, That his excellency the governor be requested to transmit copies of this preamble

and resolutions to the governors of the several

states, with a request that the same be laid before the legislatures of their respective states; and also to our senators au representatives in congress, to be by them laid before congress for

consideration.

Approved: December 20, 1828:

JOHN FORSYTH, Governor. AGRICULTURE.-In Nov. 1827, a resolution was passed by the Georgia legislature, to instruct the committee on agriculture and internal improvements, to inquire into the expediency of adopting measures to promote the cultivation of certain plants, in consequence of "the continued depression of the cotton market,” and we find that in their report,

They recommended that attention be devoted particularly to those tracts of land called Pine Barrens, where mulberry trees might be raised with facility, and silks might be made in large quantities. Before this branch of culture was destroyed by the revolutionary war, in one year ten thousand pounds of silk were received at Savannah. As women and children are able to perform all the necessary labour, the committee were of opinion that the subject was worthy of the encouragement of the legislature.-Olives may be raised in Georgia, as was proved by an experiment made on the plantation of Thomas Spalding, esq. of McIntosh county, where five trees were bearing, and forty or fifty were growing well. Good wine was made on the same plantation, of native grapes; and there was evidence referred to by the committee, which proved that very good wine was made in the state as early as 1740.

Tobacco, indigo, madder, the white poppy, and several kinds of grass were also recommended; and it was proposed that large tracts of country, now useless, should be converted into sheepwalks. For the purpose of exciting the zeal, attention and industry of the inhabitants on these and parallel subjects, the committee recommended that various premiums be of fered.

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.-Within the last thirteen years, the sum of

$321,500 has been expended by the state of Georgia, for internal improvements, but to so little purpose that the legislature has adopted a resolution "that no further appropriations be made for the purpose of internal improvement, until some better and more efficient system shall be matured and adopted, and that the office of civil ingineer be abolished for the present."

In January, 1829, the legislature directed a subscription of $44,000 to the stock of the Savannah, Ogechee, and Alatamaha canal, and appropriated $7,000 to build an arsenal in Savannah.

Jan. 4th.-The resolutions granting to the Darien Bank the privilege of redeeming her notes in the treasury, by instalments of $150,000 a year, to which the governor dissented, were passed in both branches of the legislature of Georgia, by the constitutional majority of two thirds.

On the question of removing Judge Moses Ford from office, by an address to the governor, as recommended by the committee, (on a charge of habitual intemperance, and consequent incapacity for the duties of his office,) the vote in the house of representatives, was yeas 80, nays 36; in the senate, yeas 39, nays 27. So that there was a constitutional majority of the house, but not of the senate, for his removal.

November.-JUDICIARY.-The judiciary of the state of Georgia is periodically elective by the legislature. The election of the judges of the circuit courts took place this month, and resulted as follows:

For the northern circuit, Wm. H. Crawford was re-elected. He received 165 votes. Thirty scattering votes.

For the Ocmulgee circuit, Eli S. Shorter was elected. He received 124 votes, Thomas W. Cobb, 61, Adam G. Saffold 20.

For the middle circuit, W. W. Holt was elected. Holt 122, and Schley 84 votes.

this last appeal, to the president of the United States, that he take such steps as are usual, and as he may deem expedient and proper for the purpose of, and preparatory to, the holding of a treaty with the Cherokee Indians, the ob of

ject of which shall be, the extinguishment their title to all or any part of the lands now in their possession, within the limits of Georgia.

"Resolved, That if such treaty be held, the president be respectfully requested to instruct the commissioners to lay a copy of this report before the Indians in convention, wich such comments as may be considered just and proper, upon the nature and extent of the Georgia title to the lands in controversy, and the probable consequences which will result from a continued refusal, upon the part of the Indians to part with these lands. And that the commissioners be also instructed to grant, if they find it absolutely necessary, reserves of land in favour of individual Indians, or inhabitants of the nation, not

to exceed one-sixth part of the territory to be acquired, the same to be subject to the future

purchase by the general government, for the use

of Georgia.

"Resolved, That his excellency, the governor, be requested to forward a copy of the foregoing report and resolutions to the president of the United States, and one to our senators and representatives in congress, with a request that

they use their best exertions to obtain the ob

ject therein expressed."

OLIVES.-Olives of a very excellent quality, are abundantly raised on Cumberland island.

COAL. A valuable bed of coal has been discovered near Marion, in Twiggs county. It is hailed as a discovery more valuable than if of silver or gold.

SUGAR.-During the year 1828, Mr. John Mizzle, residing on the head waters of Spanish creek, Camden county, produced from a spot of pine barren manured ground, measuring 56 yards, or 168 feet square, 3 barrels of superior quality sugar, and 11⁄2 barrels dripped molasses-average weight of sugar, 230 lbs. 805 lbs.molasses, 48 gallons.

BANKING.-The following description was given in the Georgia Journal, of the opening of the bank, in Milledgeville, on June 27th, 1829:

The pencil of Hogarth would have been inadequate to the representation of a scene exhibited before the Central bank, on Saturday last, when the bank was first opened to pay out money. The state house passage, near the door of the bank, was crowded almost to suffocation, the weather melting hot, impatience, anxiety,

hope, and fear, were depicted in the countenances of the multitude of applicants for money, who had come from the extreme points of the state, from east, west, north, and south. A little past 10 o'clock, the door of the bank was opened, when a rush was made to be first at the cashier's desk. The room was instantly crammed so full, that those who wished to get out found it very difficult to make their escape. This scene, instructive to the indifferent spectator, but at the same time humiliating, continued throughout the day.

January, 1829.—PENITENTIARY. It is said in a Georgia paper, to the credit of the morals and habits of the female part of the population of the state of Georgia, that there have been but two females imprisoned in the penitentiary at Milledgeville, since that system went into operation in that state, eleven years ago. One of these unfortunates, as was afterwards proved, had been convicted through the perjury of a witness; and the other was but the accomplice of her husband, in forging that kind of small paper currency, called change bills, and which used to inundate the whole

country, during the suspension of specie payments.

April.-CASTOR OIL.-Dr. Reese, of Jasper county, in 1828 made an christi, or castor oil bean, (Ricinus experiment in cultivating the palma Americanus.) It is thought, this cultivation would be more profitable than almost any other that could be adopted in the up country. It yields about the same to the acre as indian corn; and each bushel of the berry yields from a gallon and a half to two gallons of oil; which is worth $2.50 per gallon. With the exception of gathering, this crop requires no more labour than one of corn.

FIRES.-A terrible and destructive fire occurred at Augusta on the 3d of April. The number of houses destroyed were estimated at from three hundred to three hundred and fifty; and the loss of property, not far short of half a million of dollars; not

one third of which, it is supposed, was insured.

A fire broke out in Savannah on the 10th instant, at 10 o'clock in the morning, which ended in the destruction of 80 or 90 dwelling houses, and some other buildings, about 100 in all, with great quantities of rice, and other produce. The insurance offices suffered heavily.

EXPORTS.-It was estimated in the Georgia Courier, that up to the 13th March, 112,994 bales of cotton, at 30 dollars per bale, equal to $3,389,820, had been shipped from Augusta and Hamburg in the present season, of which, nearly 2,000 bales had been damaged or lost by casualties on the river, and a loss made of $49,160. The chief losses were by the burning of steamboats.

The exports from Savannah, during May, were 25,018 bales of cotton, and 4,161 tierces of rice; making, for eight months, ending 31st May, 191,720 bales of cotton, and 18,814 tierces of rice, being an increase over the same period last season, of 75,774 bales, and 5,828 tierces. Of the shipments this season, 122,986 bales, and 9499 tierces, were to foreign ports, the remainder coastwise, being an increase of the first 56,488 bales, and 2,728 tierces, and of the latter, 20,286 bales, and 3,100 tierces. The increase this, over the last season, is to Liverpool,

46,819 bales.

5,741

8,542

3,913

votes, and having only 9,072 against him. At the same election, the sense of the people was taken on the question of convention or no convention, (for revising the constitution of the state,) and determined in the negative, 19,623 votes against 10,467.

December. Richard H. Wilde was elected representative to congress, in the room of Mr. Forsyth. An entire change was made in the state officers, by the legislature. Hines Holt was appointed treasurer, Thacker Howard comptroller, Everard Hamilton secretary of state, and T. Mitchell surveyor general.

November, 1828.--George M. Troup was chosen by the legislature of Georgia, to be a senator of the United States, for six years, from the 4th day of March next, to succeed Mr. Cobb. Mr. T. received nearly

1827-POPULATION.-By a census of this state, in 1827, it appeared that the whole number of the inhabitants was 244,041. Of this number 91,308 were slaves, and 555 free people of colour. The same state, in 1820, contained 127,901 inhabitants; showing an increase, in seven years, of 116,140. The increase of slaves, in VOL. III.