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tam humilis esset, cui non was not always allowed. His ad eum aditus pateret. authority uas great amongst all Magna auctoritas apud om- the cities of Greece, his name was nes civitates, nobile nomen. famous, and his reputation for laus rei militaris maxima. military, affairs very considerable. Hæc populus respiciens ma- The people, considering these luit eum innoxium plecti, things, chose rather to have him quam se diutius esse in ti- punished, though innocent, than to be any longer in fear of him.

more.

M. PORCIUS CATO.
CAP. I.

M. PORCIUS CATO.

CHAP I.

CATO ortus municipio CATO was born in the BorTusculo, Adolescentulus, ough Town of Tusculum, and priusquam honoribus ope- when a very young man, before ram daret, versatus est in he made suit for any public posts Sabinis, quòd ibi hæredium in the government, lived in the à patre relictum habebat. country of the Sabines, because Hortatu L. Valerii Flacci, he had an estate there, left him by quem in consulatu censurâ his father. By the advice of L que habuit collegam, ut M. Valerius Flaccus, whom he had Perpenna Censorinus narra- for his colleague in the Consulre solitus est, Romam de- ship and Censorship, as M. Permigravit, in foro esse cœpit. penna Censorinus used to say, he Primum stipendium meruit removed to Rome, and began to annorum decem septemque, appear in the Forum. He first Q. Fabio Maximo, M. entered the service of his country Claudio Marcello Coss. Tri- in the wars, when he was sevenbunus militum in Siciliâ teen years of age, under the Confuit. Inde ut rediît, castra suls Q. Fabius Maximus and secutus est C. Claudii Nero- M. Claudius Marcellus. He was nis, magnique opera ejus a Tribune of soldiers in Sicily. æstimata est in prælio apud As soon as he came from thence, he Senam, quo cedidit Has- followed the camp of C. C'audius drubal frater Hannibalis. Nero, and his service was highly Quæstor obtigit P. Cornelio valued in the battle at Sena, in Africano consuli, cum quo which Hasdrubal, the brother of non pro sortis necessitudine Hannibal, fel He happened to vixit; namque ab eo per- be Questor to P. Cornelius Scipio

petua dissensit vita. Edi- Africanus when Consul, with lis plebis factus est cum C. whom he lived not according to Helvio. Prætor, provinci- the obligation his chance had am obtinuit Sardiniam, ex brought him under; for he quâ Quæstor superiore tem- differed with him all his life long. pore ex Africâ decedens, He was made Edile of the ComQ. Ennium poëtam dedux- mons with C. Helvius. When erat ; quod non minoris Prætor, he got the province of Saræstimamus, quam quemli- dinia; out of which, when combet amplissimum Sardinien- ing Questor some time before out sem triumphum. of Africa, he had brought away Q. Ennius the Poet; which we value no less, than any the noblest triumph over Sardinia.

CAP.

II.

Consulatum

CHAP. II. He bore the of gessit cum L. Valerio Flac- fice of Consul with L. Valerius co; sorte provinciam nactus Flaccus; he got by lot hither Hispaniam citeriorem, ex- Spain for his Province, and que eâ triumphum deporta- brought home from thence a trivit. Ibi quum diutiùs mo- umph. As he staid there long, raretur, P. Scipio Africanus, P. Scipio Africanus, a second Consul iterum, cujus in pri- time Consul, whose Questor he had ori consulatu Quæstor fue- been in the former Consulate, derat, voluit eum de Provinciâ signed to deprive him of his provdepellere, & ipse ei succede- ince, and to succeed him himself; re; neque hoc per senatum but could not effect it by the Senefficere potuit, quum qui- ate, though Scipio had the greatest dem Scipio in civitate prin- sway in the city; because the cipatum obtineret; quòd government was then managed not tum non potentiâ, sed jure, by interest but justice: for which respublica administrabatur: reason being angry, when his quâ ex re iratus senatu pe- Consulship was expired, he continracto, privatus in urbe man- ued a private person in the city. sit. At Cato, Censor cum But Cato,being made Censor with eodem Flacco factus, severè the same Flaccus, behaved very præfuit ei potestati; nam et strictly in that post; for he punin complures nobiles ani- ished several noblemen, and put a madvertit, et multas res no- great many new things into the vas in edictum addidit, quâ edict, whereby luxury might be re luxuria reprimeretur, quæ restrained, which even then began jam tum incipiebat pullula- to bud. He never ceased for

N

re.

Circiter annos octogin- about fourscore years, from his ta, usque ad extremam æta- youth to the end of his life, to entem, ab adolescentia, rei- gage in quarrels upon the commonpublicæ causa suscipere ini- wealth's account. Though he micitias non destitit. A was attacked by many, he not only multis tentatus, non modò suffered no loss of reputation, but nullum detrimentum existi- grew in fame for his excellent mationis fecit, sed quoad qualities, as long as he lived. In vixit virtutum laude crevit. all things he was a man of excelIn omnibus rebus singulari lent prudence and industry, for he fuit prudentia & industria; was both a dextrous husbandman, nam & agricola solers, & well skilled in the business of govreipublicæ peritus, & juris ernment, and a lawyer, and a consultus, & magnus impera- great commander, and a plausible tor & probabilis orator, & orator, aud very fond of learn-` cupidissimus literarum fuit; ing; the study of which though he quarum studium etsi senior took up when old, yet he made so arripuerat, tamen tantum great a progress in it, that you progressum fecit, ut non cannot easily find any thing, eifacilè reperire possis, neque ther of the Grecian or the Italian de Græcis neque de Italicis affairs, which was unknown to rebus, quod ei fuerit incog- him. He made speeches from his nitum. Ab adolescentia youth; when old, he began to confecit orationes; senex write history, of which there are historias scribere instituit, seven books: the first contains the quarum sunt libri septem: actions of the kings of the Roman primus continet res gestas people: the second and third conregum populi Romani: se- tain an account, from whom cundus & tertius, unde every city of Italy bal its rise, quæque civitas orta sit Ital- for which reason he seems to have ica, ob quam rem omnes called them all Origines: in the Origines videtur appellasse: fourth, is the first Carthaginian in quarto autem, bellum war: in the fifth, the second: Punicum primum: in quin- and all these things are summarily to, secundum : atque hæc related. And he has gone through omnia capitulatim sunt the other wars, in the like manner, dicta. Reliquaque bella unto the Pretorship of Ser. Galba, pari modo persecutus est who rifled the Lusitanians. And usque ad Præturam Ser. he has not named the generals in Galbæ, qui diripuit Lusita- these wars, but has set down the nos. Atque horum bello- actions without names. In the rum duces non nominavit, same books he has given an ac

sed sine nominibus res nota- count of what seemed remarkable vit. In iisdem exposuit in Italy and Spain; in which quæ in Italia Hispaniisque there appears much industry and viderentur admiranda; in diligence, and much learning. We quibus multa industria & have said more concerning his life diligentia comparet, multa and manners, in that bock which doctrina. Cujus de vita & we made separately about him, at moribus plura in eo libro the request of T. Pomponius Atpersecuti sumus, quem sep- ticus; wherefore we refer those aratim de eo fecimus, roga- that are desirous of knowing Cato tu Titi Pomponii Attici; to that volume.

quare studiosos Catonis ad

illud volumen relegamus.

T. POMPONII ATTICI. T. POMPONIUS ATTICUS.

CHAP. I.

CAP. I. POMPONIUS Atticus, POMPONIUS Atticus, deab origine ultima stirpis Ro- scended of an ancient Roman famimanæ generatus, perpetuo ly,kept the Equestrian dignity,reà majoribus acceptam e- ceived by uninterrupted succession questrem obtinuit dignita- from his ancestors. He had a diltem. Patre usus est dili- igent and indulgent father,and,as gente, indulgente, & ut the times were then, rich, and tum erant tempora, diti, im- above all things a lover of learnprimisque studioso litera- ing as he loved learning himrum hic, prout ipse ama- self, he instructed his son in all bat literas, omnibus doctri- that sort of literature that youth nis, quibus puerilis ætas im- ought to be acquainted with. pertiri debet, filium erudi- There was in him when a boy, vit. Erat autem in puero besides a docility of it, a mighty præter docilitatem ingenii, sweetness of mouth and voice, that summa suavitas oris ac vo- he not only quickly took in u cis, ut non solùm celeriter was taught him, but also pronounarriperat quæ tradebantur, ced excellently; upon which acsed etiam excellenter pro- count he was reckoned famous nunciaret; qua ex re in pu- amongst his fellows in his childeritia nobilis inter æquales hood, and shone out more brightly ferebatur, clariùsque ex- than his ncble school-fellows were splendescebat, quàm genero- able to bear with a patient mind;

hat

CHAP. II. His father died

si condiscipuli animo æquo wherefore he excited them all by ferre possent; itaque incita- his great application, in which bat omnes suo studio, quo in number was L. Torquatus, C. numero fuerunt L. Torqua- Marius the son, M. Cicero, whom tus, C. Marius filius, M. he so engaged to him by his acCicero, quos consuetudine quaintance with them, that nobody sua sic sibi devinxit, ut ne- was all along more dear to them. mo iis perpetuò fuerit carior. CAP. II. Pater maturè decessit. Ipse adolescentu- early. He being a very young lus propter affinitatem P. man by reason of his affinity with Sulpicii, qui Tribunus pl. P. Sulpicius, who was slain interfectus est,non expers fu- when Tribune of the Commons, it illius periculi; namque was not clear of that danger; for Anicia, Pomponii consobri- Anicia, the cousin of Pomponius, na, nupserat, M. Servio fra- had married M. Servius, the tri P. Sulpicii. Itaque in- brother of Sulpicius: wherefore terfecto Sulpicio, postea- P. Sulpicius being slain, after he quam vidit Cinnano tumul- found the city mightily disturbed tu civitatem esse perturba- with the bustle raised by Cinna, tam, neque sibi dari faculta- andthat there was no possibility for tem pro dignitate vivendi, him to live suitably to his dignity, quin alterutram partem of- but he must offend one party or the fenderet, dissociatis animis other, the minds of his countrymen civium; cùm alii Syllanis, being divided; whilst some faalii Cinnanis faverent parti- voured Sylla's party, and others bus, idoneum tempus ratus Cinna's; thinking it a proper studiis obsequendi suis, A- time to follow his studies,he withthenas se contulit. Neque drew himself to Athens. But nev eo seciùs adolescentem Ma- ertheless he assisted young Marius, rium hostem, judicatum, ju- declared an enemy, with his estate; vit opibus suis; cujus fu- and relieved him in his banishgam pecunia sublevavit. ment with money. And, lest that Ac, ne ille perigrinatio de- his living abroad should prove a trimentum aliquod afferet detriment to his estate, he carried rei familiaris, eodem mag- over to the same place a great nam partem fortunarum part of his substance. Here be trajecit suarum. Hic ita lived so, that he was deservedly vixit, ut universis Athenien- very dear to all the Athenians: sibus meritò esset carissimus: for, besides his interest, which nam, preter gratiam, quæ was already great, though a very jam adolescentulo magna young man, he often relieved their

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