tubes shall move up and down perpendicularly, instead of sliding in the horizontal manner herein shewn and described. "Lastly, I desire it to be understood, that I claim, as my invention, the mode or method of producing motive power by the use of steam, gas, or any other fluid, conjointly or separately, as above described."—[Inrolled in the Rolls Chapel Office, March, 1841.]

Specification drawn by Messrs. Newton and Berry.

TO THOMAS RICHARDSON, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, chemist, for a preparation of sulphate of lead, applicable to some of the purposes for which carbonate of lead is now applied.-[Sealed 9th December, 1839.]

THE patentee commences his specification by saying, that he uses the term sulphate of lead in the common and popular sense; and means thereby a combination of sulphuric acid and protoxide of lead; and he does not use it purely in any scientific sense, to denote the particular combination of the two; that is, one atom of sulphuric to one atom of protoxide of lead.

The invention consists in using acetic acid and protoxide of lead with sulphuric acid, so as to effect a combination of sulphuric acid with protoxide of lead, and produce a body which is applicable to some of the purposes to which carbonate of lead is applied. This object is effected in the following manner:-Take a quantity of the protoxide of lead of commerce, (that which is known as flake litharge in preference,) put it into a tub, and mix with it a quantity of acetic acid and water, in the proportions hereafter mentioned. The whole is well agitated in a tub, by a suitable apparatus, and continued sufficiently long to enable the

acetic acid to act upon the protoxide of lead, and convert it into acetate of lead. The acetic acid should be of the specific gravity of 1.046, and used in the proportion of one part to fifty-six parts of protoxide of lead. A larger quantity of acetic acid may be used, but the above proportion is most economical. The agitation is continued, and when a portion of the protoxide of lead is converted into acetate of lead, sulphuric acid, of the specific gravity of 1.5975, or thereabouts, is poured into the tub, through a leaden or other convenient pipe, at the rate of about one pound per minute, until a sufficient quantity of sulphuric acid has been added to convert all the protoxide of lead into sulphate of lead. The quantity of sulphuric acid to be added, should be in the proportion of twenty parts thereof to 112 parts of protoxide of lead; but the proportion of sulphuric acid may be increased to forty parts. The agitation is continued until all the protoxide of lead has combined with the sulphuric acid, and the sulphate of lead thus produced is removed to convenient vessels, where it is washed free from extraneous matter. When washed, the sulphate is ground in water and dried in stoves, similar to those employed in white lead manufactories. The sulphate of lead thus prepared, will have a body and consistence, and may be applied to some of the purposes to which carbonate of lead is now applied, such as painting, glazing pottery ware, and other uses.

A drawing and description of the apparatus employed for agitating the protoxide in the tub, is given in the specification; but as it does not possess any novelty, and in fact constitutes no part of the invention, (being distinctly disclaimed in the specification,) we have not thought it necessary to present it to our readers.

The patentee says, in conclusion, "I do not claim any particular form of vessels or apparatus, in which or with

which my operation may be carried on; and I consider the proportions above mentioned, to be the best for conducting my invention, although a larger proportion of acetic acid would facilitate the process, and might occasionally be usefully adopted to save time; but for purposes of commerce, where economy is an object, the above proportions are best; but any proportions will do, so long as the quantity of acetic acid employed is not sufficient to convert all the protoxide of lead into acetate of lead of any kind. As respects the use of acetic acid, in the aforesaid process, I have also to notice some other substances which may be employed instead of free acetic acid; for example:-acetate of lead may be used in such a proportion as to afford the same relative quantity of acetic acid; and in such case, the agitation is required merely to mix the ingredients intimately. Acetate of soda may also be employed for the same purpose, by introducing so much of it as contains the requisite quantity of the acid. Other acetates may also be used, but the above are the only ones which I have tried."—[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, June, 1840.]

To SAMUEL HILL, of Sloane-street, Chelsea, in the county of Middlesex, Gent., for improvements in the making of bread and biscuits.--[Sealed 25th March, 1840.]

J

THIS invention relates to a method of making bread and biscuits, by combining with the materials heretofore used for these purposes, certain ingredients that have not been hitherto so employed. In carrying out his invention, the patentee uses the flour of wheat, rye, barley, Indian corn, or rice, and such other matters as have been generally used for making bread, &c.; and combines, with one or

more of them, one or more of the following ingredients, viz. ;-arrow-root, tapioca, cassava, sago, millet, flour made from the kittul tree, or corokan seed, or the fruit of the palmyra tree.

In making bread, the inventor takes four parts of one or more of the first-mentioned ingredients, and mixes therewith one part of one or more of the second; and when rice is used, it should be in the proportion of from one-sixth to one-eighth of the first-mentioned ingredients; and, before using it, the rice is to be steamed or simmered in hot water, or only ground into flour; steaming, however, is preferred, as it makes lighter bread. The materials are then kneaded, made into dough, and fermented with yeast, a sufficient time being allowed for the dough to rise; it is then made into loaves and baked in the ordinary manner. When brown bread is required, a small portion of cocoa is mixed with the water employed for making the dough; and as there is more saccharine in some of the ingredients than in wheaten flour, a good bread is produced.

Those ingredients, above alluded to, which have not hitherto been employed in making bread, contain starch, gluten, gum, and saccharine; and although, when employed alone, they would not make good bread, yet, when combined with the other materials, the quality of the bread is very much improved, and rendered more wholesome and digestible; and as some of the materials mentioned, are cheaper than wheat flour, the price of bread would be reduced.

The patentee does not claim, as novel, the use of any of the ingredients above named, when employed separately, for making bread, but only combining them, or some one or more of each of the classes, for this purpose; and he also remarks, that bread made in this manner keeps much longer than when made in the ordinary manner.

In making biscuits, dough is prepared from the two classes of ingredients; and then the biscuits are made in the usual manner, and baked in a hot oven. The combination of steamed rice, with other ingredients containing more saccharine than wheaten flour, corrects its harsh and adhesive qualities, and is an improvement in making biscuits, which will produce them at a less cost, and highly nutricious.

In making bread for horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, calves, dogs, and other animals,—a coarse bread, without yeast, may be made from maize or Indian corn, oat-meal, ryemeal, malt dust, grain, sago, paddy rice, cassana, potatoes, flour, bean meal, pea meal, brewers' grains, poomak, corokan, and prinatto. Two or more of the above may be made into bread, with water and beer, liquid from the distillers; jelly made from Jaffra moss, oil and fat, or graves, may be added, according to the quantity of bread that is required. The proportions may be varied, but a very nutritious bread is produced by making a dough of four of the above-named ingredients, in nearly equal proportions.[Inrolled in the Inrolment Office, September, 1840.]

TO JAMES HADDEN YOUNG, of Lille, in the Kingdom of France, now residing at No. 106, Regent-street, in the county of Middlesex, merchant, and ADRIEN DELCAMBRE, of Lille, aforesaid, manufacturer, for an improved mode of setting-up printing types.—[Sealed 13th March, 1840.]

THIS invention consists in a set of elevated receptacles or chambers, containing types, which are pushed out of the said chambers, in the order required, by levers, and what