XXIX. VI. THE WADERS. Spoonbills, Cranes, Flamingoes, Herons, Storks.. 149 XXX. VII. THE SWIMMERS. Penguins, Auks, Pelicans, Ducks, Gulls, Swans 154 IV. The Roots of Plants. Planting ELEMENTS OF ELOCUTION. RULE I.-Direct questions, or those that can be answered by yes or no, generally require the rising inflection, and their answers the falling. EXAMPLES.-Do you think he will come to-day'? No'; I think he will not'.--Was that Henry'? No'; it was John'.-Did you see William'? Yes, I did.-Are you going to town to-day'? No, I shall go to-morrow'. MODIFICATIONS OF RULE I. NOTE I.-Answers that are given in a careless or indifferent manner, or in a tone of slight disrespect, take the rising inflection in all cases. EXAMPLES. Did you see William'? I did'.-What did he say to you'? Not much'. See, also, Lesson II., p. 39, of Second Reader. NOTE II.-Direct questions, when they have the nature of an appeal, or are spoken in an exclamatory manner, take the falling inflection. In these cases the voice often falls below the general pitch, contrary to the general rule for the falling inflection. EXAMPLES.-18 not that a beautiful sight'?-Will you persist in doing it?-Is it right'? -Is it just`? Was ever woman in this humor wooed'? NOTE III.-When a direct question is not understood, and is repeated with emphasis, the repeated question takes the falling inflection. EXAMPLES.-Will you speak to him to-day'? If the question is not understood, it is repeated with the falling inflection, thus: Will you speak to him to-day'?-Are you going to Salem'? I said, Are you going to Salem'? RULE II.—The pause of suspension, denoting that the sense is unfinished, such as a succession of particulars that are not emphatic, cases of direct address, sentences implying condition, the case absolute, etc., generally requires the rising inflection. EXAMPLES.-John', James', and William', come here.-The great', the good', the honored', the noble', the wealthy', alike pass away. Friends', Romans', countrymen', lend me your ears. Jesus saith unto him, Simon', son of Jonas', lovest thou me'? Ye hills', and dales', ye rivers', woods', and plains', Tell, if ye saw, how came I thus'; how here? NOTE. For cases in which emphatic succession of particulars modifies this rule, see Rule VIII. RULE III.—Indirect questions, or those which can not be answered by yes or no, generally require the falling inflection, and their answers the same. EXAMPLES.-When did you see him? Yesterday'.-When will he come again'? To morrow. Who say the people that I am? They answering, said, John the Baptist'; but some say Elias; and others say that one of the old prophets' is risen again. NOTE.-But when the indirect question is one asking a repetition of what was not at first understood, it takes the rising inflection. "What did he say'?" is an indirect question, with the falling inflection, asking for information. But if I myself heard the person speak, and did not fully understand him, and then ask some person to repeat what he said, I give my question the rising inflection, thus, "What' did he say' ?" (Remark.Perhaps the true reason of the rising inflection here on the word say is because it is preceded by an emphatic word (what) with the falling inflection. See note to Rule IV.) RULE IV.-A completion of the sense, whether at the close or any other part of the sentence, requires the falling inflection. EXAMPLES.-He that saw me' saw you also', and he who aided me once' will aid me again'. In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth'. And the earth was without form, and void'; and darkness was on the face of the deep': and the spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters'. 'NOTE.-But when strong emphasis, with the falling inflection, comes near the close of a sentence, the voice often takes the rising inflection at the close. EXAMPLES.-If William does not come, I think John' will be here'.-If he should come, what would you do'? CASSIUS. What night is this? CASCA. A very pleasing night to honest' men'. Proceed', I am attentive'. This is the course rather of our enemies, than of friends' of our country's liberty'. RULE V.-Words and clauses connected by the disjunctive or, generally require the rising inflection before the disjunctive, and the falling after it. Where several words are thus |