from pillage. Great was their joy to see us come back in good health, and with an increase of the family of seven children, two white and five black,-together with 54 young cattle."

In the moral virtues St. John seems to have been a model, which can seldom be said of Frenchmen who have not sincerely devoted themselves to religion. His great grandson and biographer Robert St. John de Crèvecœur, a Roman Catholic, says of him :

"He believed firmly in God and in the immortality of the soul; his poetic and enthusiastic spirit adored the Creator in his works; but a long residence among American Protestants had detached him from the true Church, and the railing skepticism of the Houdetot circle at last extinguished the faith of his youth. . . Profoundly honorable, and devoted to his country,-intelligent and practical in talent, unwearied in bringing things to the use and love of the people; in literature sincere and of good intention; he added to the good fortune of achieving some good in the world, a merit very rare among his contemporaries, of never doing any harm."

This is rather reserved praise, but it is also deserved, as much encomium of our ancestors oftentimes is not,-their chief merit in our eyes having been to have made room for ourselves. St. John has made them better known to their descendants; and if he has complimented them too highly, as his countrymen sometimes said, it was through his inexhaustible optimism and good nature, which neither the French Revolution nor the approach of old age could quite overcome. This did not prevent him from seeing that evils existed, and that they proceeded from evil men. In his account of our backwoodsmen, "frontiersmen," he calls. them, and of slavery in Carolina, his' English pages differed a little from the later-written French version, and in some respects softened the picture.

In preparing this account of a man too little known, I

1St. John had visited Charleston and Georgetown, S. C., before the Revolution. He had a distaste for the lawyers there, and was shocked at the slavery. His chapter on Warner Mifflin has much to say against slavery, even in Delaware and Pennsylvania.

have been much indebted to Mr. S. O. Todd of St. Johnsbury Centre, through whom the American public have been brought into communication with the representatives of the St. John family in Paris. These are the widow of Robert St. John, Madame Marie de Crèvecœur, and her three children, of whom the eldest is Lionel de Crèvecœur, by whose kindness the engraving of Pine Hill Farm has been obtained. Their residence is 120 Rue Longchamps, Paris, and the only purchasable copies of the biography so often cited are in their control.

EXTRACTS FROM THE JOURNAL OF REV. ANDREAS SANDEL, PASTOR OF "GLORIA DEI" SWEDISH LUTHERAN CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA, 1702-1719.

[The Journal of Rev. Andreas Sandel begins with the date of his departure from Sweden, August 21, 1701, to his return, November 25, 1719, and contains the narrative of his voyage to Maryland, his labors as pastor of Gloria Dei congregation, Philadelphia, and incidents of his return voyage, and taking charge of the congregation at Hedemora, Sweden. The original Swedish MS. is entitled "Brief Review of my Journey to West India, August 24, 1701," and has been translated by B. Elfoing, of Stockholm. The following extracts relate to his ministerial labors, while in charge of Wicacoa parish, Philadelphia.

Andreas Sandel, a graduate of the University of Upsala, Sweden, was ordained July 18, 1701, by Archbishop Dr. Eric Benzelius, and the following day started for Stockholm, to procure his passports and recommendatory letters, before sailing for America. After spending some weeks in London, he engaged a passage on the ship Josiah, which set sail November 13, 1701, and reached her destination, Herring Bay, Calvert County, Maryland, late in February 1702. Here he engaged a shallop which conveyed him to Bohemia, where he landed March 10. Sandel took leave of his congregation June 25, 1719, and with his wife and two children sailed for Sweden. He married Mary, a daughter of Peter and Maria Matson, who was born in 1682, at Mantua Creek, West Jersey, and died in Sweden in 1739. Her husband survived her five years.]

1702 March 11th.-Bohemia where we landed yesterday. In company with a mate I went to New Castle on horseback, but my packages were sent on to this [Delaware] bay, which reaches as far as Philadelphia. In the evening arrived at Christina, where Magister Björk' was living. From

'Eric Björk, of Westmania, Sweden, was ordained at Upsala, in October of 1696. He sailed from London in February 1697, and after a voyage of ten weeks the ship arrived at her port in Maryland, when he set out for Philadelphia, which he reached June 30, 1697. He was first assigned to the congregation at Cranehook, and later to Christina parish on the Brandywine. In 1713 he was appointed Provost of the Swedish churches in America, successor to Provost Rudman. He was recalled to Sweden in 1714. His wife was a daughter of Peter Stalcop.

here Mag. Björk sent a note with Mons Gioding, (who came to Mag. Björk's immediately upon having learned of my arrival), to notify Mag. Rudman.1

March 17.-Came Mons Gioding with H. Tollstadius; 2 the latter informed me that he was engaged by the Wicacoa parish to 1st of May.

March 18.-I accompanied H. Tollstadius to Philadelphia, 38 English miles, and reached there that night, when I showed Magister Rudman my passports and commendatory letters. Notwithstanding Tollstadius had been engaged to May 1st., Mag. Rudman thought it advisable for me to enter upon my charge as Rector, and asked me to preach on Palm Sunday. Accordingly, I returned next day, as Mag. Björk's lodgings were too small, and rented a room close by, in the house of a widow, where I remained eight days.

March 21.-On this, Palm Sunday, I preached my first sermon. At the close of the service, my passports and commendatory letters were read to the parish from the green sward outside of the church-gate, and in the name of the Lord, I succeeded Mag. Rudman. Afterwards the Elders and prominent members shook me by the hand, bid me welcome, and expressed their thanks for my willingness to undertake such a long voyage in their behalf.

1Andreas Rudman, of Gestricia, Norrland, first Provost of the Swedish Churches on the Delaware, arrived in 1697, with his assistant Eric Björk. Three years later his health began to fail, owing to pulmonary trouble, and it was with difficulty that he filled his duties. Andreas Sandel was then sent in 1702 to assist him, and on July 19, he preached his farewell sermon at "Gloria Dei." Thinking that a change of climate would prove beneficial, he went to New York to take charge of the congregation there, but it was too much of an undertaking for him and he returned to Philadelphia, and took charge of the congregation at Oxford, until his death September 17, 1708. His associate Eric Björk, preached his funeral sermon in "Gloria Dei" upon the text Ps. 73. 24. He left a wife and two daughters. Lars Tollstadius, who intruded his services and gave it out that he was appointed instead of Sandel. He was exposed and dismissed from the service of the congregation.

As I could not be accomodated at Mag. Rudman's or expect the congregation to provide lodgings for me at once, I rented a room with board at the house of a doctor of medicine, named Hober, in Philadelphia, where the English clergymen also rented rooms with board, at 12 shillings per week.

April 1.-I bought of Mag. Rudman his small watch for £7. 10 ts equivalent to £11. Penna. money. The English clergymen invited me to accompany them to the prominent English people of the town, in order to become acquainted with them.

April 20.-Bid farewell to Dr. Hober, and took up my residence at the Rectory, Passyunk, and arranged for board with the widow Maier, relect of A. Rambo.

April 29.-Commenced to instruct her son Peter in his school and religious lessons.

June 5.-To-day being Holy Trinity Sunday, I visited the home of Eric Keen, where many of his neighbors dined with us, and in the evening to Mats Keen.

June 6.-Visited Hans Laican, where Mag. Björk and Peter Rambo called during the evening.

June 7.-Visited Lars Bure and home again the same night.

June 8.-The English clergymen, with two merchants, Moore and Trent, called to see me.

June 17.-Wrote to Sweden for the first time: 1. To the Consistory, of the condition of the parish; 2. Describing my voyage and this country; 3. To my brother-in-law Mag. Nybom, to G. N. and Olop B. Jespre.

June 20.-Bartered away my horse to Jean Kock, as he had one better than mine. I had to give him £ 4. 14. June 21.-Sunday, I went with Mag. Rudman to Nischamena, [Neshamany] to baptize Charles Jon's baby.

June 22.-Tonight visited Peter Rambo.

June 23.-We returned home on horseback. I left my horse at Rambo's, as he was unfit to travel.

June 28.-Brought my horse over to Gabriel Kock's VOL. XXX.-19