Major Operations of U. S. Forces in France. Continued. 727 Meuse. The 42d Division took Cote de Chatillon. I columns. Harassing artillery fire was returned by The 2d Battalion of the 70th Division reached the northern edge of Bois des Loges, west of Champigneulle. In an attack on a 4,000-yard front from St. Souplet to Molain our troops advanced 3,000 yards against very stiff resistance. All counter attacks repulsed. Prisoners taken were estimated at 2,500. Oct. 19-The 30th Division attacked with the British at dawn and advanced 2,000 yards. Prisoners captured since the morning of the 17th totaled 44 officers and over 1,500 men. The 78th Division pushed their lines forward to Bellejoyeuse Farm and began to mop up the Bois des Loges. Oct. 21-In attacks on the Bois des Rappes the 5th Division met with stubborn resistance by machine guns, supported by artillery and infantry fire. It captured the entire position, with 170 prisoners, including five officers. An enemy counter attack, supported by heavy artillery fire, was repulsed with heavy losses. The 5th and 3d Divisions took Hill 297 and Bois des Rappes. Attacking in the evening, the 89th Division _occupied the northern and eastern edge of the Bois de Bantheville. Oct. 23.-Troops of the 3d Corps reached the ridge north of the village of Bantheville, taking 171 prisoners. The 29th Division captured the ridge of Bois d'Etrayes and Hill 361. Oct. 27-The 78th Division entered Bellejoyeuse Farm, northeast of Grandpre, and found it unoccupied. The occupation of the right of way north and northwest of Grandpre was completed. Oct. 30-On Oct. 30 patrols were active along the entire front of the 28th Division. The 33d Division, in the face of heavy artillery and machine gun fire, north of Grandpre, advanced its lines and occupied the Bellejoyeuse Farm. On Oct. 30 2,000 high explosive and gun shells fell in the vicinity of Fresnes. One of the divisional patrols captured five prisoners. the enemy. Aviation was active on both sides. The enemy flew over our front lines and delivered machine gun fire on our advancing troops. Two enemy planes were brought down. Nov. 6-Our troops of the 1st Corps continued their successful advance, forcing the enemy to retire. The towns of Flabas, Raucourt, Haraucourt and Autrecourt were taken, and patrols pushed on as far as the Meuse. Large quantities of material were captured during the advance. Following heavy bombardment on the enemy's divisions the troops of the 5th Division attacked, rapidly overcoming the enemy's resistance, capturing Lion-devant-Dun, Murvaux, Fontaine and Viloesnessur-Meuse, taking more than 250 prisoners. Nov. 7-The troops of the 2d Division cleared the west bank of the Mouse of the remaining machine guns and snipers in the vicinity of Mouzon. The 5th Division, supported by artillery fire, con tinued their advance despite the enemy's continued resistance, principally with machine guns. Most of the artillery crossed to the east bank of the Meuse, following in support of the infantry. Additional prisoners were taken, including 2 officers and 132 men. Nov. 8-The patrols of the 2d Division crossed the Meuse south of Meuzon. The troops of the 33d Division, aided by barrage fire, carried out a successful raid on Chateau Aulnois, capturing 1 officer and 22 men. Strong combat patrols were sent out from the lines of the 92d Division (colored). Prisoners were captured and casualties inflicted on the enemy. Nov. 9-On midnight of Nov. 9 the patrols of the 5th Division drove back the enemy, inflicting many casualties and capturing 6 prisoners. The troops consolidated and, despite stubborn resistance, principally from machine guns, drove the enemy from Bois du Canol and La Sentinelle and captured Brandeville. In these operations 47 prisoners, 125 machine guns and other material were captured. A strong combat patrol was active along the entire front of the 33d Division, meeting with heavy machine gun resistance from the enemy, and a patrol of one company captured 8 prisoners in the Beis de Warville. The troops of the 79th Division ad Nov. 1-The troops of the 1st Army captured Clery-le-Grand. North of Ancreville they took 53 additional prisoners and continued their advance | vanced in a generally northeasterly direction, with into the Boie des Bantheville. During the night of Nov. 1-2 the troops of the 37th Division consolidated their positions and effected a crossing of the River Scheldt, confronted by enemy machine gun and rifle fire. The 91st Division, supported by artillery and machine gun fire. rapidly advanced over six kilometers in spite of enemy artillery and machine gun fire. Nov. 2-On the evening of Nov. 2 the troops of the 78th Division drove the enemy from the Bois des Loges and closely followed his retreat. The 92d Division, in spite of machine gun resistance, pushed forward and advanced the line 3 kilometers. Nov. 3-The 91st Division, in spite of active machine gun resistance, forced their way toward the bank of the Scheldt in the vicinity of Eyne. Nov. 4-On Nov. 4 a brigade of the 79th Division attacked an enemy sector, taking 81 prisoners and 8 machine guns, encountering strong resistance and repulsing several counter attacks. the right flank in Bois de Damvillers. The 420 and units of the 1st seized the heights south of Sedan Strong Nov. 10-The 33d Division carried out a successful raid on Marcheville, occupying the town and taking 80 prisoners, including 3 officers. patrols from the line engaged in sharp fighting. The 37th Division, operating with the 34th French Army Corps, attacked in order to force a crossing of the Scheldt. Violent enfilading machine gun fire, heavy artillery and the flooded condition of the terrain delayed the construction of bridges and crossings. In the face of continuous heavy artillery fire, supported by machine guns, the troops advanced about 2 kilometers. The 90th Division advanced toward Baalon, encountering no resistance. The 92d Division reached Bois Frehaut and captured 710 prisoners. Nov. 11-The 3d Division advanced 3 kilometers east of Breheville. Despite increased resistance by Nov. 5.-On Nov. 5 the troops of the 77th Divi- | machine gun and artillery fire the 5th Division sion engaged in severe fighting, overcame strong continued to advance, capturing 18 prisoners. 3. enemy resistance along the entire line. The artil- large-calibre guns, 6 minenwerfers and considerable lery was active, firing on the enemy's retreating | material. SALVATION ARMY IN THE UNITED STATES. Commander Evangeline Booth, National Leader; Col. William Peart, Chief Secretary: Col. Alexander Μ. Damon, Field Secretary; Col. Gustav S. Reinhardsen, Financial Secretary; Lieut. Col. William S. Barker, Property Secretary; Lieut.-Col. W. F. Jenkins, Editor-in-Chier: Col. J. E. Margetts, Young People's Secretary; Col. Charles Miles, Principal of Training College; Col. William H. Cox, Trade and Publishing Secretary; Col. S. L. Brengle, National Evangelist; Col. Edward J. Parker, Eastern Men's Social Secretary; Lieut. Col. Thomas Stanyon, Mid-Western Men's Social Secretary: Lieut.-Col. Margaret Bovill, Eastern Women's Social Secretary. NATIONAL SPIRITUALISTS' ASSOCIATION, U. S. A. President-Dr. George B. Warne, Chicago. Vice-President-Joseph P. Whitwell, St. Paul, Minn. Secretary-George W. Kates, Washington, D. C. Treasurer-Cassius L. Stevens, Pittsburgh. TrusteesI. C. I. Evans, Washington, D. C.; Mrs. E. H. Goetz, Baltimore; Alonzo M. Griffen, Chicago; Mark A. Barwise, Bangor, Me.; Dell A. Herrick, Los Angeles, Cal. 728 Scientific Progress in 1918. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS IN 1918. Prepared by the National Geographic Society, of Washington, D. C. GILBERT GROSVENOR, Director ARCHAEOLOGY. and Editor. A June 8, first observed in this country at the University of Virginia. This star behaved like the one discovered in the constellation of Perseus in 1901, flaring up so as to rival the brightest stars in magnitude and then gradually fading away. star having the appearance of a minor planet, but with an orbit of a comet-like character, was discovered by Prof. Wolf, at Heidelberg, in January. Its distance from the earth at that time appeared to be about twenty-three million miles. Another An expedition under the joint auspices of the Smithsonian Institution, of Washington, and the Museum of the American Indian, of New York, in the first season of its excavation among the ruins of 'he Pueblo city of Hawikuh (one of the famed "Seven cities of Cebola" which figured so prominently in the Spanish conquest led by Coronado and his successors) found large walls in a stratum underlying that of the Pueblo city, indicating that another Indian city stood there in days antedating | star was discovered by the same observer on the the Pueblos. The 237 graves opened showed different forms of burial. In some were cremated remains. The Museum of the American Indian has fourth of February, which was named Nova Monocerotis. The U. S. Bureau of Standards made investigations with regard to the feasibility of employ been completed and its collections have been in-ing, in stellar photography, plates made sensitive stalled. The American Museum of Natural History had an expedition in the field making excavations of Pueblo architecture in the Animas Valley in New Mexico. In the vicinity of Scarborough, Yorkshire, England, a fall of a cliff resulted in unearthing twenty bronze weapons consisting of battle-axes, spears, chisels, gouges, portions of a sword, etc. The collection evidently formed the stock in trade of a metal worker of the Bronze Age, at least a thousand years before the Christian era. Australian troops after the advance toward Gaza, about eighteen miles northwest of Beersheba, discovered ruins which led to excavation revealing a pavement evidently covering part of the floor of a church. The mosaic, which is rich in elements of early Christian symbolism, was taken up and removed to Cairo. In the advance from Bagdad the British forces used what is reputed to be the remains of the Tower of Babel as the site of a field wireless station. Commendatore Giacomo Boni has excavated on the Palatine a beautiful marble torso, 0.86 m. high, a youthful female figure with draperies blown back by the wind. It is apparently of Pentelic marble, to infra-red rays by the application of various dyes, notably dicyanin. It was shown during the year that instead of a Centauri being our nearest stellar neighbor, the position belongs to a faint star near a Centauri. It is apparently moving through space with the larger star, but somewhat nearer to us. A large meteor fell in northern Canada in February. It was of unusual brilliancy, the light of which, judged by the visibility of distant objects, was about as light as daylight. In the latter part of October, 1917, observations made at Bristol, during a period aggregating 23 hours of watching on 14 nights, revealed 197 meteors. A brilliant daytime meteor passed over part of Scotland in December, 1917, and is said to have fallen on Keithick House, 12 miles northeast of Perth. A piece of the meteorite weighing 2 pounds entered the roof of the lodge. Other fragments were found in neighboring fields. It came down with a noise resembling a peal of thunder, or a distant explosion. Although the sun was shining bright, observers described the course of the meteor as brilliant. and an original Greck work of the end of the fifth | at Greenwich on March 1. It appeared as a largely century B. С. Schaumasse's Comet made a near approach to the earth on March 31. Encke's Comet was observed The upper left-hand quarter of a Stele of white Attic marble found at Cottenham, near Cambridge, diffused nebulosity of 81⁄2 magnitude without visible nucleus or tail. The observatory at Florence, Italy. has been engaged for 3 years in studying the lunar England, bears an archaic relief of an ephebus | crater, Eimmart. This crater has a diameter of with his horse. It was probably executed in the latter part of the fifth century B. C., and, if so, is one of the finest monuments surviving to the herocs of Marathon. about 24 miles. On the rampart there is a craterlet, which, under very oblique illumination, shows a deep cavity. The observations suggest that the changes in the crater originate in the craterlet. There were a number of auroral displays visible in various parts of the world during the year. One of these occurred on March 7 and was widely visible throughout the United States. It was also visible in London. Sir A. Stein announces that he has found in the desert of the Helmand, Afghanistan, a series of watch towers extending 62 miles. They date apparently from the early centuries of the Christian era, and were built to protect the fertile part of Seistan. The towers indicate that they were connecting links between the Great Wall of China and the Roman lines of Syria. Prof. G. A. Reisner continued his excavations at the pyramids of the twenty-fifth and twentysixth Egyptian dynasties in the vicinity of Napata. Fifteen kings, of whom the names of only six were known before, have been identified, and the order in which they reigned determined. In the pyramids of Tirhaka more than a thousand ushab At Mt. Wilson observatory the 75-ft. spectograph was in use for visual observation in conjunction with the 150-ft. tower telescope, and the magnetic polarities and strength of field in some 40 sun spots was determined on each day of observation, Obser|vations bear out the conclusions that the intrinsic. fainter stars move more rapidly than the brighter, irrespective of their distance from the sun. Good progress was made in the installation and use of the great 100-inch reflector. The New Dominion tis, five granite stelæ of the kings, two granite | Astrophysical observatory at Victoria, B. C., was altars, two beautiful silver mirrors and many other rare objects were found. Many of these eventually will be deposited in the Museum of Fine Arts at Boston. The New York Historical Society recently put on exhibition one hundred and thirty Egyptian ushabtis. The oldest of these dates from the twelfth dynasty. ASTRONOMY, Many observatories sent out parties to study the total eclipse of the sun, which occurred on June 8, 1918. A number of new stars were discovered during the year. Most interesting of these was the one that appeared in the constellation of Aquila on opened in June. Dr. Swasy, of Cleveland, and Dr. Brashear, of Pittsburgh, constructed the telescope and the mirror of the 72-inch reflector, respectively. The observatory, under the direction of Dr. J. S. Plaskett has since been at work chiefly on the task of measuring stellar radial velocity. CHEMISTRY. Practically all of the chemical formulas of the German coal tar products have been secured, covering synthetic colors, odors, flavors and explosives. Potash sources were the subject of a world-wide search by the Allied nations. Extraction from flue dust and coking gases seem most promising of the various methods of potash recovery. There are wide Scientific Progress in 1918. Continued. deposits of potash brines in Western lakes, while many seaweeds have much to offer, and certain volcanic lavas promise to prove an important source. Alsace-Lorraine has very rich deposits that have never been worked, so that Germany's monopoly on commercial potash, as well as her military power, is broken. It is estimated that American cement plants and iron works can produce nearly enough potash to take the place of the tonnage imported in peace years. Potash feldspar, treated with common salt, yields potassium chloride, and there are large deposits of potash feldspar in Great Britain. Liquid air has been adopted in Europe as a saturating medium for cartridges of carbonaceous material used in blasting operations in coal mines. As a result of an agreement between the National Radium Institute and the U. S. Bureau of Mines for the development of more efficient methods of 729 The 430 degrees Centigrade, or 860 Fahrenheit. extracting radium from carnotite ores, the Bureau | that he had last winter made a tour of the whole now has $180,000 worth of radium at an outlay of $38,000. Under the new process extraction costs only about one-third as much as the current price of radium. Recent studies of the Bureau of Standards show that zinc sulphide, in which the radium of luminous compounds is embedded, gets its luminosity from the heat generated. The Bureau has also found a method of making zinc sulphide into short pieces of wire or thin strips. ENGINEERING. William D. Sisson of Los Angeles, California, has perfected a deep-sea spherical submarine car for deep sea salvage work. This submarine is built so it can resist great pressure and can work at great depth by means of electro-magnets and electrically driven drills. With it the divers are able to hitch huge cables to the sunken vessels and to pump water out of the pontoons to which the Arctic coast of Alaska. Senor Luis Urquijo, in connection with the Mexican Government Survey, determined the altitudes of the principal volcanic peaks at the following figures: Orizaba, 18,564.6 feet; Popocatepeti, 17,843.5 feet; Malinche, 14,630 feet. A series of very severe earthquakes began in Guatemala on Nov. 17, 1917. They continued to increase in intensity until Christmas night, when Guatemala City was aroused by a terrific shock. There were severe shocks on the 27th and 28th, while on January 3 there was a more terrible visitation than anything that had gone before. Again on January 24 there was a very severe quake, and by the time conditions became quiescent again, only about 5 per cent. of the houses in the city, which has a normal population of about 125,000. were left in a condition permitting their repair. During the reign of terror, 43 distinct earthquakes took place. Most of the cracks in the earth's surface. proceeded from the general direction of the quiescent volcano Pacaya. On April 21, 1918, the whole of Southern California and Western Arizona was shaken by an earthquake of marked intensity. The greatest damage occurred in the small city of San Jacinto, Riverside County, California, where the loss was estimated at more than $125,000. The shock appears to have been caused by a slip along the San Jacinto fault. An earthquake occurred in upward of 200 lives and several million dollars property damage. other end of the cables are attached, thus providing | Porto Rico in the early autumn, causing a loss of a buoyancy which gradually brings the ship to the surface. June 14, 1918, the Queen of Holland signed an act providing for the draining of the Zuyder Zee. The completion of this project will add 523.440 acres to Holland's present area of dry land. It is necessary to cut off the North Sea by a massive dike 18 miles long, and to erect a barrier across the Amstel Diep. The dike will be built in two parts, it will have a width of 230 feet, and will cost more than eleven million dollars. The high dam built by the United States Gorernment between the cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul was recently completed. It makes Minneapolis the head of navigation on the Mississippi River. Of the new hollow type the dam is 578 feet across and cost $1,250,000. The lock, on the Minneapolis side, is 350 feet long and 80 feet wide. 1 GEOGRAΡΗΣ. North America-The National Geographic Society sent an expedition into the region of Mt. Katmai and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes in the spring of 1918. It was the purpose of this expedition, the fourth expedition of the National Geographic Society to this region, to continue the work that had been done in the previous expeditions, and to survey a route of approach from the Behring Sea shore instead of the Pacific Coast. The expedition surveyed a broad section across the base of the Alaska Peninsula, and mapped some 1,500 square miles of new territory between Katmai Bay and Naknek. In the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes it succeeded in obtaining the first accurate measurements of the temperatures of the vents. The highest temperature reported was The winter of 1917-1918 was one of the coldest in American history. It was reported that for the first time in the history of that region the main channel used by ships plying between Boston and New York was closed by a solid bridge of ice between Nantucket and Cape Cod. It has been suggested that the unusually cold winter may have been due to a sun hotter than usual, which brought on self-perpetuating cold waves and draughts. Europe-The geographers of the world were engaged throughout the latter part of the year studying the racial, economic and physiographic problems of Europe, collecting material upon which to base the remade map of that continent. Following the action of the French Navy, the British Admiralty summoned a conference of representatives of the various Government departments and scientific societies interested to consider and report upon the desirability of establishing a standard time at sea in the British naval and merchant services. The conference was of the opinion that the establishment of zones at sea, corresponding to the time zones on land, is the most practicable method of obtaining uniformity of time reckoning at sea, and it recommends the adoption of the boundaries of the zones now in use in the French Navy. Africa-Commandant Tilho made a report upon his exploration of the region between Tibesti and Darfur during the past five years. He found a broken mountainous area of from 10,000 to 13,500 square miles uniting the two territories. The highest elevations do not exceed 5,000 feet, and the 730 Catholic Church Extension Society of the U. S. of America. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS IN 1918. Continued. territory is occupied by small groups of restless, unsubmissive tribes. Erdi, near the frontier, is a part of the Libyan Desert. It has no oases or date gardens, but is the natural refuge of a number of nomadic tribes of astonishing endurance and audacity. Commandant Tilho proved by his explorations that there is no connection between Lake Chad and the Nile. Instead of a simple mountain range running northwest to southeast, Tibesti is, in reality, four or five chains arranged as a sort of fan pivoted on the massif of Kussi. The volcano Emi-Kussi, 11,100 feet high, has a crater five miles across in one direction and seven and one-half miles in the other. Its depth is 130 feet. Commandant Tilho's cartographic work fills up a large blank in the map of Africa. In a paper on "The Backbone of Africa," Sir Alfred Sharp reports that the fall of the water-level of Lake Nyassa, which had been continuing for many years prior to 1915, has been succeeded by a rise. At the end of the dry season in 1917 the water-level was three feet ten inches higher than at the corresponding date in 1915. Not since the finding of that strange beast the okapi in the Congo forest has as important a zoological discovery been made in Africa as the finding of a real dwarf elephant. Adult specimens of this new species attain no greater height than six feet, which is about half the height at the shoulder of the ordinary African elephant. Tusks of the female weigh no more than two pounds to the pair, while the tusks of the male reach seven pounds a pair. The tusks of a well-grown African elephant often reach as much as 220 pounds to the pair. The Congo expedition of the American Museum of Natural History penetrated into the northeastern section of the Belgian Congo for a distance of from 1,200 to 2,000 miles, making an extremely interesting collection of large mammals and birds. Asia-The large collection of birds and animals obtained as a result of the American Museum's Asiatic Zoological Expedition to China, conducted by Roy Chapman Andrews, has been placed on display just as it was received, Instead of first putting it through the process of preparation. A severe earthqual occurred February 12 in Swatow, on the southern coast of China. Several hundred persons were killed and more than a thousand injured. The position of the epicentre, as determined from records made by the Japanese, was 24 degrees north and 116 degrees east. That the duration of the preliminary tremor of an earthquake varies with the distance of the epicentre has long been known, though for earthquakes with neighboring origin no simple formula has been devised for estimating the distances of the epicentre from the duration of the tremor. From a discussion of forty-one recent earthquakes in Japan, Prof. Omori shows that when the distance does not greatly exceed 1,000 kilometers, the distance of the epicentre in kilometers is nearly 7.42 times the number of seconds in the duration of the preliminary tremor. Polar Regions- During the year, Capt. Roald Amundsen, discoverer of the South Pole, set out in his ship "The Maude" on a voyage through the Arctic Ocean above Europe and Asia from the Atlantic to the Pacific. With the purpose of determining the drift of the ice of the Polar seas he built his vessel with an egg-shaped hull and per mitted it to become frozen in the ice. He drifted eastward toward the Siberian Islands. At the same time Storker Storkerson drifted westward from the Pacific Coast toward the same islands on an ice pack, an unusually perilous undertaking. Vilhjalmur Stefansson, the discoverer of the blond Eskimos, returned to civilization and was engaged at the end of the year lecturing on his discoveries in the Far North. These include a new land discovered in 1915, with its northern tip in about 79 degrees north and 113 degrees west; an island lying between Ellef Ringnes and Axel Heiberg islands, and a number of other small islands in the same region. Knud Rassmussen, leader of the Danish "Second Thule" expedition, returned to Copenhagen after a harrowing trip into the frozen North. Leaving its base in North Star Bay in April, 1917, the expedition went to St. Georges Bay, where it hoped to find game, but except for a few hares and a seal or two no game was secured, and the party had to return empty-handed. The journey across the ice cap was accomplished in the face of terrible hardships. The dogs were eaten one after another, the last one before they reached Cape Agassiz, near Humboldt Glacier. The men were all exhausted and starving, but Rassmussen, with one Eskimo, pushed forward to Etah to obtain aid for the others. Dr. Wulff, the botanist, finally succumbed. but not before dictating his botanical notes and giving his companions messages for his family. He knew his fate, and, after bidding his associates farewell, resigned himself to it. Lange Koch, the geographer and cartographer of the expedition, succeeded in leading the remainder of the party to safety. with the exception of Hendrick Olsen, who succumbed to the hardships of the journey. Rassmussen succeeded in charting all of the friths and fjords of northern Greenland. He found no trace of Eskimo migrations on the northwest coast. GEOLOGY. The Mid-Continent and Texas region, the Gulf Coastal Plain, and Wyoming are regarded by the United States Geological Survey as probably containing more undiscovered oil pools of great value than are to be found in any other part of the United States. In the Mid-Continent field the Osage Reservation is one of the richest and most promising areas. More than 1,160,000 acres of Osage land remains to be opened up. The deepest well in the world, already 7,363 feet deep, is now being drilled on the Golf Farm, eight miles northeast of Clarksburg, West Virginia. The well is near the centre of the great Appalachian Coal Basin, and is being drilled in search of deeper oil sands than have yet been reached in this region. Until January 25 the record for depth was held by a boring at Czuchow in Silesia, which had reached a depth of 7,349 feet. Henry Fairfield Osborn announced a new theory of evolution, which he calls the "caso-mechanical theory." Instead of, as most theorists do, starting with life already begun and dealing with its subsequent development, this author begins with a consideration of a lifeless world and discusses the physiochemical factors that favored the origin of living matter. At Harvard University a plan for an investigation of the stratigraphy of the Ordovician formations of the Appalachian region was approved and research undertaken. VOLUNTEERS OF AMERICA. Chartered 1896. National headquarters, 34 West Twenty-eighth Street, New York City. Gen. and Mrs. Ballington Booth, Co-Commanders-in Chiefs. Edward Fielding, Vice-President. W. J. Crafts, Treasurer. J. W. Merrill, Secretary. The organization is religious and philanthropic, with branches throughout the United States. During the year, 208,683 free lodgings have been given the poor, while 229,056 have been furnished at a nominal charge or in exchange for work. Homes for women are maintained. CATHOLIC CHURCH EXTENSION SOCIETY OF THE U. S. OF AMERICA. HEADQUARTERS, McCormick Building, Chicago. Chancellor-Most Rev. George W. Mundelein, D. D.. Archbishop of Chicago. President-Rt. Rev. Francis C. Kelley, D. D. Vice-President and General Secretary-Rt. Rev. Mgr. E. B. Ledvina. Vice-President and Director Child_Apostles and Director Order of Martha-Rev. W. D. O'Brien. Vice-President and General Counsel-Joseph D. Daly. Treasurer-John A. Lynch. Secretary of the Board-Warren A. Cartier. Superintendent of Chapel Cars-George C. Hennessey. FOREIGN ENVOYS IN THE UNITED STATES. Argentina-Dr. Tomas A. Lo Breton, Ambassador. | Sweden. Belgium-Mr. E. de C. de Marchienne, Minister. Bolivia-Senor Don Ignacio Calderon, Minister. Bulgaria-Mr. Stephen Panaretoff, Minister. Chile-Senor Don Gustavo M. Varela, Charge d'Affaires. Hayti-Solon Menos, Minister. Italy-Count V. Macchi di Celiere, Ambassador; Mexico Senor Ing. Ygnacio Bonillas, Ambassador; China-Mr. Vi Kyuin Wellington Koo, Minister. | Nicaragua-Senor Don Diego M. Chamorro, Min Colombia-Dr. Carlos Adolfo Urueta, Minister; Dr. Alfonso Delgado, Secretary. Costa Rica-. Minister. Cuba-Dr. Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, Minister: Denmark-Mr. Constantin Brun, Minister; Peter C. Dominican Rep. - Dr. Louis Galvan, Charge d'AI faires. Ecuador-Senor Dr. Don Raphael H. Elizalde, Switzerland. Great Britain-Earl Reading, Ambassador: Mr. Greece Mr. Georges Roussos, Minister: Mr. A Guatemala-Senor Don Joaquin Mendez, Minister. ister. Norway-Mr. H. H. Bryn, Minister. Portugal-Visconde de Alte, Minister. Roumania-George Danielopol, Minister. Spain-Senor Don Juan Riano y Gayangos, Ambassa- Sweden-Mr. W. A. F. Ekengren, Minister; Judge Switzerland-Dr. Hans Sulzer, Minister; Dr. Carl Uruguay-Dr. Carios Maria de Pena, Minister. |