DENMARK. Alleyne Lord Baron St. Helens, a Peer of the said United Kingdom, one of Vol. I. Ch. II. His said Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, and His Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias; and His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, the Sieur Alexander, Prince de Kourakin, His Vice-Chancellor, Actual Privy Counsellor, Minister of the Council of State, Actual Chamberlain, Grand Chancellor of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and Knight of the Russian Orders of St. Andrew, of St. Alexander Newsky, and of St. Anne of the first class; of those of Prussia, of the Black and Red Eagles; of those of Denmark, of the Danebrog and of the Perfect Union; and Grand Cross of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem: and the Sieur Victor Count de Kotschoubey, His Actual Privy Counsellor, Minister for the Department for Foreign Affairs, Senator, Actual Chamberlain, and Knight of the Orders of St. Alexander Newsky, of St. Vladimir of the second class; and Commander of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem; who, in virtue of their respective full Powers, have agreed upon the following Articles;→ 1. In case of unfounded detention or other contravention of the established Regulations, the owners of the vessel and cargo so detained shall be allowed compensation for each day's demurrage, proportionate to the loss they shall have sustained, according to the freight of the said ship, and the nature of its cargo. 2. If the ministers of one of the high Contracting Parties, or any other persons accredited by the same to the Belligerent Power, should remonstrate against the sentence which shall have been passed by the respective Courts of Admiralty upon the said captures, appeal shall be made in Russia, to the Directing Senate, and in Great Britain, to His Majesty's Privy Council. 3. Care shall be taken, on both sides, scrupulously to examine whether the regulations and precautions agreed upon in the present Convention have been observed, which shall be done with all possible dispatch. The two high Contracting Parties moreover mutually engage to adopt the most efficacious measures, in order to prevent the sentences of their severa Tribunals, respecting captures made at sea; being subject to any unnecessary delay. 4. The goods in litigation cannot be sold or unloaded before final judgment, without an urgent and real necessity, which shall have been proved before the Court of Admiralty, and by virtue of a commission to this effect; and the captors shall by no means be permitted to remove or take away, on their own authority, either openly or clandestinely, any thing from a vessel so detained. These Additional Articles, making part of the Convention signed the 17th June 1801, in the names of their Britannic and Imperial Majesties, shall have the same force and validity as if they were inserted word for word in the said Convention. In witness whereof, we, the undersigned, furnished with the full Powers of their said Majesties, have signed, in their names, the present Additiona Articles, and have affixed the seal of our arms thereto. Done at Moscow the 20th October 1801. Signed ST. HELENS, (L.S.) LE PRINCE DE KOURAKIN, (L.S.) In consequence of all which, His Majesty the King of Denmark accedes, by virtue of the present Act, to the said Convention, and to the said separate DENMARK. Vol. I. Ch. II. and Additional Articles, such as they are herein-before transcribed, without any exception or reserve, declaring and promising to fulfil all the clauses, conditions, and obligations thereof, as far as regards Himself; and His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, accepts the present Accession of His Danish Majesty, and in like manner promises, on His part, to fulfil all the Articles, Clauses, and Conditions contained in the said Convention, and the separate and Additional Articles herein-before inserted, without any exception or reserve. The ratifications of the present Act of Accession and Acceptance shall be exchanged in the space of two months, or sooner if possible; and the stipulations of the said Convention shall, at the same time, be carried into execution as speedily as possible, regard being had to the full and entire re-establishment of the state of things, such as it was before the period of the misunderstandings, which are now so happily terminated. In witness whereof, we, the undersigned, by virtue of our full Powers, have signed the present Act, and have thereunto affixed the seal of our arms. Done at Moscow, the 23d October 1801. Signed ST. HELENS, (L.S.) F. X. J. COMTE de DanneskiOLD-LOWENDAL, (L.S.) 1. From the moment of the signature of the present Treaty, there shall be peace and friendship between their Majesties the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the King of Denmark, and between their respective Kingdoms, States, and subjects, in all parts of the world. All hostilities between them shall cease, and all prizes taken from the subjects of the respective nations shall be considered as null from the day of the signature of the present Treaty, and shall be restored on both sides to their respective owners. 2. The respective prisoners of war shall, immediately after the ratification of the present Treaty, be restored, en masse, on payment, on both sides, of the private debts which they shall have contracted. 3. His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland consents to restore to His Danish Majesty all the possessions and colonies which have been conquered by the British arms in this present war, except the Island of Heligoland, which His Britannic Majesty reserves to Himself with full and unlimited sovereignty. 4. The restoring of the colonies shall be performed according to the same rules and principles which were laid down when His Britannic Majesty gave up to His Danish Majesty these same colonies in the year 1801. With regard to the Island of Anholt, it is agreed that it shall be given back one month after the ratification of the present Treaty, unless the season and the difficulty of navigation should present insurmountable obstacles. 7. The commercial relations between the subjects of the high Contracting Parties shall again return to the usual order, as existing before the present war began. (1) They moreover reciprocally agree to adopt measures, as soon as possible, for giving the same greater force and extent. 8. His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the British nation, being extremely desirous of totally abolishing the Slave Trade, the King of Denmark engages to co-operate with His said Majesty for the completion of so beneficent a work, and to prohibit all (1) rs07. His subjects, in the most effectual manner, and by the most solemn laws, Vol. I. Ch. II. from taking any share in such trade. 11. The sequestrations which have been laid, by either of the Contracting Parties, on property not already confiscated or condemned, shall be raised immediately after the ratification of this Treaty. 12. His Majesty the King of Sweden having engaged, by Article 6. of the Treaty of Alliance with His Britannic Majesty, concluded at Stockholm, the 3d of March 1813, to grant for a period of twenty years, to be computed from the exchange of the ratifications of the said Treaty (1), to the subjects of His Britannic Majesty, the privileges of dépôt in the port of Stralsund, of all articles being the growth or manufacture of Great Britain, or of her colonies, laden on board of British or Swedish vessels, on paying a duty of one per cent. ad valorem, on such articles and merchandize, on import and export; His Majesty the King of Denmark promises to fulfil, in His new character of Sovereign of Swedish Pomerania, the said stipulation, by substituting Danish for Swedish bottoms. 13. All the ancient Treaties of Peace and Commerce between the forme Sovereigns of England and Denmark are hereby renewed in their full extent, so far as they are not contradictory to the stipulations of the present Treaty. Done at Kiel, the 14th January 1814. Signed EDWARD THORNTON, (L.S.) EDMUND BOURKE, (L.S.) i. The evacuations, cessions, and restitutions, stipulated by the above mentioned Treaty, shall be executed in Europe within a month, in the seas of America within three months, and in the continent and seas of Asia within six months, after the ratifications of the Definitive Treaty. 2. It is further agreed, that in all the cases of cession stipulated, there shall be allowed to the inhabitants, of whatever condition or nation they may be, a term of three years, reckoning from the ratification of the present Treaty, to dispose of their property, acquired and possessed whether before or in the course of the war; during which term of three years they shall be at liberty freely to exercise their religion, and to enjoy their property. The same facility is granted within the countries restored, to all persons, inhabitants or others, who shall have formed any establishments during the time which those countries were possessed by Great Britain. In respect to the inhabitants of the countries restored or ceded, it is agreed that no one shall be prosecuted, disturbed, or troubled, either personally or in his property, under any pretext, on account of his political opinions or conduct, or of his attachment to either of the high Contracting Parties, or for any other cause, unless it be for debts contracted with individuals, or for acts subsequent to the present Treaty. 3. The decision of every claim between individuals of the respective nations for any debts, property, effects, or rights whatever, which conformably to common usage and the law of nations ought to be brought forward, shall be referred to the competent tribunals, and in such cases there shall be prompt and complete justice rendered in the countries where the claims are respectively put forth. Done at Liege, the 7th April 1814. Signed EDWARD THORNTON, (L.S.) EDMUND BOURKE, (L.S.) (1) Ratifications exchanged at Stockholm, 7th April 1813, DENMARK. Additional Arti cles to the preceding Treaty. Signed at Liege, 7th April 1814. Vol 1. Ch. II. Additional Article. It is agreed between the two high Contracting Parties, that the same security of person and property, which has been stipulated by the Additional Articles signed this day, for the inhabitants of the restored or ceded countries, shall be afforded to all the subjects of His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, whether British or Hanoverians, and of His Majesty the King of Denmark, who shall have taken an active part in the present war, which has disturbed so many countries, and that no one shall be prosecuted, disturbed, or troubled, on account of his political conduct or opinions during the course of the war. Done at Liege, the 7th April 1814. Signed EDWARD THORNTON, (L.S.) EDMUND BOURKE, (L.S.) Vol. I. Ch. II. AND PRUSSIA. Preliminary Treaty of Alliance between Great Britain and Austria. Signed at Toplitz, 3d October 1813. General Treaty, signed in Con gress at Vienna, 9 June 1815. (2) AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA. (1) 1. THERE shall be a sincere and lasting friendship and union between His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, their heirs and successors; and the ancient ties which subsisted between the two courts shall be re-established in thei fullest extent. 6. The commercial relations between the two countries are re-established on both sides. Signed at Toplitz, 3d October 1813. Signed Aberdeen. CLEMENT WENCESLAS LOTHAIRĖ, 96. The general principles, adopted by the Congress at Vienna, for the navigation of rivers, shall be applicable to that of the Po. Commissioners shall be named by the states bordering on rivers, within three months at latest after the termination of the Congress, to regulate all that concerns the execution of the present article. 108. The Powers whose states are separated or crossed by the same navigable river, engage to regulate, by common consent, all that regards its navigation. For this purpose they will name Commissioners, who shall assemble, at latest, within six months after the termination of the Congress, and who shall adopt, as the basis of their proceedings, the principles established by the following articles. 109. The navigation of the rivers, along their whole course, referred to in the preceding article, from the point where each of thein becomes navigable, to its mouth, shall be entirely free, and shall not, in respect to commerce, be prohibited to any one; it being understood that the regulations established with regard to the police of this navigation shall be respected; as they will be framed alike for all, and as favourable as possible to the commerce of all nations. (2) Since acceded to by all the other powers (1) As to Treaties between Great Britain, 110. The system that shall be established, both for the collection of the Vol. 1. Ch. II. duties and for the maintenance of the police, shall be, as nearly as possible, the same along the whole course of the river; and shall also extend, unless particular circumstances prevent it, to those of its branches and junctions, which, in their navigable course, separate or traverse different states. 111. The duties on navigation shall be regulated in an uniform and settled manner, and with as little reference as possible to the different quality of the merchandize, in order that a minute examination of the cargo may be rendered unnecessary, except with a view to prevent fraud and evasion. The amount of the duties, which shall in no case exceed those now paid, shall be determined by local circumstances, which scarcely allow of a general rule in this respect. The tarif shall, however, be prepared in such a manner as to encourage commerce by facilitating navigation; for which purpose the duties established upon the Rhine, and now in force on that river, may serve as an approximating rule for its construction. The tarif once settled, no increase shall take place therein, except by the common consent of the states bordering on the rivers; nor shall the navigation be burthened with any other duties than those fixed in the regulation. 112. The offices for the collection of duties, the number of which shall be reduced as much as possible, shall be determined upon in the above regulation, and no change shall afterwards be made, but by common consent, unless any of the States bordering on the Rivers should wish to diminish the number of those which exclusively belong to the same. 113. Each State bordering on the Rivers is to be at the expense of keeping in good repair the towing paths which pass through its territory, and of maintaining the necessary works through the same extent in the channels of the river, in order that no obstacle may be experienced to the navigation. The intended regulation shall determine the manner in which the States bordering on the Rivers are to participate in these latter works, where the opposite banks belong to different governments. 114. There shall no where be established storehouse, port, or forced harbour duties. Those already existing shall be preserved for such time only as the States bordering on Rivers (without regard to the local interest of the place or the country where they are established) shall find them necessary or useful to navigation and commerce in general. 115. The custom-houses belonging to the States bordering on Rivers shall not interfere in the duties of navigation. Regulations shall be established to prevent officers of the customs, in the exercise of their functions, throwing obstacles in the way of the navigation; but care shall be taken, by means of a strict police on the bank, to preclude every attempt of the inhabitants to smuggle goods, through the medium of boatmen. 116. Every thing expressed in the preceding Articles shall be settled by a general arrangement, in which there shall also be comprized whatever may need an ulterior determination. The arrangement once settled, shall not be changed, but by and with the consent of all the States bordering on Rivers, and they shall take care to provide for its execution with due regard to circumstances and locality. 117. The particular regulations relative to the navigation of the Rhine, the Neckar, the Maine, the Moselle, the Meuse, and the Scheldt, such as they are annexed to the present Act, shall have the same force and validity as if they were textually inserted herein. AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA, |