their presents, vintýρia, as Dom. called them, funeral-feasts (évayiơμoús), as the people said, for those who had died in Dacia and in Rome.

IV 153 154 PERIIT POSTQUAM CERDONIBUS ESSE TIMENDUS COEPERAT So Pertinax (Capitolin. 12 § 8. 14 § 6. DCass. LXXIII 8—10).

154 CERDONIBUS Euphron in Ath. 377a öтav μèv éλOŋs eis TOLOÛTOV συρφετόν, | Δρόμωνα καὶ Κέρδωνα καὶ Σωτηρίδην. HEINRICH.

154 97 n. DCass. LXVII 2. 9 § 6.

V on parasites see Hertzberg Gesch. Griech. II 492. Gifford 'Several pertinent allusions to this satire occur in the old comedy of The Supposes, by G. Gascoigne.' Read C. D. Badham ancient and modern fish tattle (1854). [Phokylid.] 91-94 μηδὲ τραπεζοκόρους κόλακας ποιεῖσθαι ἑταίρους

cet.

1 EADEM EST MENS Hor. ep. 1 1 4 non eadem est aetas, non mens. 2 BONA SUMMA in prose summum bonum (Haase ind. Sen. Nizol. ind. Cic. 'bonum), finis (ultimum, extremum) bonorum. The ascending order οἱ ἀγαθά (ἐκτός, περὶ σῶμα, περὶ ψυχήν) is exactly reversed by the parasite. ,,,, QUADRA 72 n. Hor. ep. 1 17 49. O. Jahn (Abh. d. K. S. Ges. XII 278) 'generally the flat round loaves or cakes were scored crosswise, so that they could easily be broken into four parts. The Christians also, because of the cross, retained these loaves (Bottari scult. e pitt. 1 145 seq. Boldetti osserv. 207 seq. R. Rochette ant. chrét. 1 66. Garrucci vetri 52. Cavedoni bullet. 1862 124). The queer baker Eurysaces, who on his monument employed architecturally all the badges of baking, has applied instead of rosettes (ann. x tav. M 5) panes quadrati (Ath. 114. Hes. opp. 442 ἄρτον δειπνήσας τετράτρυφον ὀκτάβλωμον. gl. quadra βλωμός). They were also made in more elegant shapes, parted into six or more sections, indented at the edge, furnished at the centre with an dupaλós (Polybius compares the shields vr 25 $ 7 ποπάνοις ἐμφαλωτοῖς τοῖς ἐπὶ τὰς θυσίας ÉTITIOEμÉVOIS. Lobeck Aglaoph. 1079). In a relief (Berichte d. K. S. Ges. 1861 Taf. 12 1) a workman is seen pushing a loaf of this shape on a peel into the oven. The loaf (Gori symb. litt. Ir 2 p. 138 seq. admir. ant. Herc. II p. 138 seq.) found at Herculanum is of this form, and others found at Pompeii: they appear also in the Herculanean xenia (ant. di Erc. vII 62. 84. mus. Borb. vI 38 1. Overbeck Pompeii2 193) and on a

Pompeian wall-painting in the Naples museum (Helbig in bullet. 1864 119, 218). Of this Jahn (Taf. III 2) gives a cut. A shop with a counter, on which and on shelves behind are loaves piled on one another with some smaller cakes; on the counter stands also a basket with round buns. See Rich companion, panis for a cut.

3 SI POTES ILLA PATI Luc. merc. cond. 13 (to a parasite) it would have been no great hurt, if the yoke to which you bow your neck were light and easy, above all, gilded. But the case is far other: μvpía (cet. cited on 161). 16 you have ever on your lips Homer's où véueois Tpwas καὶ εὐκνήμιδας Αχαιοὺς πολλὰ πονεῖν καὶ ὑπομένειν ὑπὲρ τῆς τοσαύτης εὐδαι μονίας.

5 QUAMVIS IURATO METUAM TIBI CREDERE TESTI Cic. Att. xIII 28 § 2 pr. iurato mihi crede. Plaut. Amph. 437 nam iniurato scio plus credet mihi quam iurato tibi. Many exx. of this participle in Mühlmann col. 1698. Neue Ir2 335-6 (also coniuratus). On metuo dubito Munro Lucr. VI 565. On the prevalence of perjury see XIV 218 n. and E. v. Lasaulx Studien des class. Alterthums (Regensburg 1854) 'der Eid bei den Römern ’ 208-232.

=

6 VENTRE NIHIL NOVI FRUGALIUS Luc. IV 377-381 discite quam parvo liceat producere vitam | et quantum natura petat... | ...gurgite puro | vita

redit: satis est populis fluviusque Ceresque. Sen. ep. 17 an admirable call to temperance. ib. 89 § 22 infelices ecquid intellegitis maiorem vos famem habere quam ventrem?

V 8 CREPIDO see Rich.

TEGETIS Tert. adv. Marc. 1 14 pr. sustine,

si potes, illas ipsas lectuli et tegetis tuae bestias.

9 INIURIA CENAE infr. 14 n. ind. iniuria. Lamprid. Heliog. 25 § 9 parasitis in secunda mensa saepe ceream cenam, saepe ligneam, saepe eburneam, aliquando fictilem, nonnumquam vel marmoream vel lapideam exhibuit, ita ut omnia illis exhiberentur videnda de diversa materia, quae ipse cenabat, cum tantum biberent per singula fercula et manus, quasi comedissent, lavarent.

11 SORDES 67 n.

Plaut. asin. 142 sordido vitam oblectabas pane in pannis inopia. Sen. ep. 18 § 7 (to the rich making experiment of the poor man's life) grabatus ille verus sit et sagum et panis durus ac sordidus. Non. p. 93 10 CIBARIUM... nunc.. de pane sordido... dicitur. =pνπαрol äρто Polyb. XXXVII 3 § 12. Galen vi 482 K. Artemid. 1 69 Rigault. Seth p. 19 22. Ath. 114a. 246a. Hes. Kiλikioi äpтol. Also Ter. eun. 939 panem atrum. Hes. paιоús артоνs дvrapoús. Alexis in Ath. 114a (AEUKOús (from Blümner). Paul. Aegin. 1 78. Ideler phys. et med. gr. min. 11 267 2.

FARRIS CANINI Non. 88 16 CANICAS veteres furfures esse voluerunt. Lucil. lib. XXVII [28 M] quanti vellet quantum canicai ad pultem ec maconis manu. Paulus Festi p. 46 M CANICAE furfures de farre a cibo canum

vocatae.

12 FIGE IX 94. Aen. I 250 accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta. Sen. ep. 113 § 32 illud adhuc tibi adfige. DISCUMBERE IUSSUS see the scenes Plaut. Pers. 765-9. 792. Sall. h. III 4 D igitur discubuere. Petron. 21 f. iussi ergo discubuimus. 67.

13 MERCEDEM SOLIDAM VETERUM CAPIS OFFICIORUM Sen. tranq. 7 § 2 qui cum amicorum officiis paria mensa faciunt, qui fercula pro congiariis numerant. Sen. brev. vit. 7 § 2 omnia istorum [qui nulli rei nisi vino ac libidini vacant] tempora excute. adspice...quantum... occupent... convivia, quae iam ipsa officia sunt. § 7 quot [dies abstulit] ille potentior amicus, qui vos non in amicitiam, sed in adparatum habet?

99

14 INPUTAT Sen, ep. 1 § 3. 93 § 8. ben. III 18 § 1 f. n. q. Iv praef. § 4. Sexti enchir. 327 (Mullach fragm. phil. 1 529) qui dat aliquid et inputat, contumeliam magis quam beneficium dedit. Sen. in Hier. adv. Iovin. I 47 (1 315) quae nobis imputat lacrimas suas. Luc. VII 326. Sen. rh, suas. 3 § 5 solebat autem Fuscus ex Vergilio multa trahere, ut Maecenati imputaret: toties enim pro beneficio narrabat in aliqua se Vergiliana descriptione placuisse. contr. x praef. § 3. exc. contr. vI 7 (p. 290 4 K) quam demens est cui adulterium pro beneficio imputatum est! Sen. ben. III 18 § 1 quaedam beneficia esse, quaedam officia, quaedam ministeria... ministerium esse servi, quem condicio sua eo loco posuit, ut nihil eorum quae praestat, imputet superiori.

15 16 DUOS POST MENSES Mart. vII 20 2 3 rectam vocatus cum cucurrit ad cenam | quam tot diebus noctibusque captavit.

16 ADHIBERE Suet. Claud. 32 adhibebat omni cenae et liberos

17 TERTIA NE VACUO CESSARET CULCITA LECTO on the order of places in the triclinium see Marquardt Privatleben 294-7. A vacant place filled Mart. x 48 5 6 Stella Nepos Cani Cerealis Flacce, venitis? | septem sigma capit; sex sumus, adde Lupum. ('Il t'admet à faute d'autres' Grang.). Plut. Brut. 34 § 4 Cassius made a supper that night, and Brutus invited

-24

CULCITA. NON EADEM VINA.

419

the guests; and when they were set down, Favonius, having bathed, came in among them. Brutus called out aloud and told him he was not invited, and bade him go to the upper couch; but he violently thrust himself in, and lay down on the middle one.'

V 17 CULCITA add to lexx. Petron. 33 vides tot culcitas: nulla non aut conchyliatum aut coccineum tomentum habet. tanta est animi beatitudo. Plin. xix § 13 in culcitis praecipuam gloriam Cadurci obtinent. Galliarum hoc et tomenta pariter inventum. dig. xxxiv 2 25 § 7. Lamprid. Heliog. 19 § 9 nec cubuit in accubitis facile nisi eis, quae pilum leporinum haberent aut plumas perdicum subalares, saepe culcitas mutans. Boniface p. 273 Jaffé. Ducange and Diefenbach. Now Ital. coltrice (for colcitre from the late form culcitra), our counterpane' and 'quilt'; from a dimin. culcitinum (not yet found) Ital. cuscino, Fr. coussin, Engl. cushion. Luc. merc. cond. 26 ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἄσιτόν τε καὶ ἄποτον ἡ νὺξ καταλάβῃ, λουσάμενος πονηρῶς ἀωρὶ περὶ αὐτό που σχεδὸν τὸ μεσονύκτιον ἥκεις ἐπὶ τὸ δεῖπνον οὐκέθ ̓ ὁμοίως ἔντιμος οὐδὲ περίβλεπτος τοῖς παροῦσιν, ἀλλ ̓ ἤν τις ἄλλος ἐπεισέλθῃ νεαλέστερος, ἐς τοὐ πίσω σύ, καὶ οὕτως ἐς τὴν ἀτιμοτάτην γωνίαν ἐξωσθεὶς κατάκεισαι.

18 UNA SIMUS DL. II § 76 when the sophist Polyxenus, visiting Aristippus, blamed his πολυτελῆ ὀψωνίαν, Ar. presently ‘δύνασαι' ἔφη ‘καὶ où σýμepov μe' hμŵv yevéolai'; Aristoph. av. 131 Blaydes. Stanley cites Eupolis Δημ. 22 (Ath. 123) ἵνα σπλάγχνοισι συγγενώμεθα. cf. Meineke II 438. VOTORUM SUMMA Plin. pan. 44 and 74 s. v.

18 19 QUID ULTRA QUAERIS? VIII 199. I 147-9. Not unlike deest ut (cf. IV 128); superest ut; restat ut.

19 RUMPERE SOMNUM Aen. vII 458. Ov. P. 11 6 55 ne tamen iste metus somnos tibi rumpere posset. Luc. III 25 and Stat. Th. Iv 715 in the same place rumpere somnos. Sil. xv 548 (= Sen. brev. vit. 20 § 5) quietem. 560 soporem. If you would sleep primam in horam (Hor. ep. 1 17 6) or in lucem (ib. 18 34) you must not live in Rome. Verg. Ov. Sil. Stat. have abrumpere somnos.

21 SALUTATRIX TURBA Hier. ep. 66 § 5 fores quae prius salutantium turbas vomebant. Stat. s. Iv 9 48-50 quid si, cum bene mane semicrudus | inlatam tibi dixero salutem, et tu me vicibus domi salutes? Already B.C. 46 Cic. fam. Ix 20 § 3 haec igitur est nunc vita nostra: mane salutamus domi et bonos viros multos, sed tristes, et hos laetos victores, qui me quidem perofficiose et peramanter observant; ubi salutatio defluxit, litteris me involvo. ib. VII 28 § 2. Att. vi 2 § 5. XIII 9 § 1. ep. Brut. II 4 § 1. p. Flacc. § 42. Q. Cic. pet. § 35. For the expression cf. Iv 62 miratrix turba. xv 81 victrix turba.

22 SIDERIBUS DUBIIS Plin. ep. VI 20 § 6 iam hora diei prima, et adhuc dubius et quasi languidus dies.

23 FRIGIDA PIGRI SERRACA BOOTAE Hom. e 272 ỏyè dúovтa Bowτny. Anacreont. 31 (3) 1-3 μεσονυκτίοις ποθ ̓ ὥρας, | στρέφεθ ̓ ἤνικ ̓ ̓́Αρκτος ἤδη | κατὰ χεῖρα τὴν Βοώτου.

24 seq. 60 n. 67 n. 75 n. VM. Iv 3 § 11 age, si quis hoc saeculo vir intuster...eodem cibo eodemque vino quo nautae uti contentus sit, nonne miserabilis existimetur? atqui ista patientissime superior Cato toleravit. cf. Plut. Cat. mai. 4 § 4. Plut. apophth. Lac. Agesil. 1 p. 208b when he drew the lot to be master of a feast (ovμrooiapxos) and the cupbearer asked how much wine he was to serve to each: 'If there is a large stock, as much as each calls for, if little, serve all alike (è tσov didov râσi).' Luc. ep. Saturn, 22 a suggested reform (cf. Luke 14 12-14) hosts should invite four or five poor, treating them not as now, but more democratically

420

SUCIDA LANA.

RIOTOUS CAROUSE

▼ 24

(the rest on ver. 60). Luc. merc. cond. 26 f. (cited 34). Mart. x 49 cum potes amethystinos trientes | et nigro madeas Opimiano, | propinas modo conditum Sabinum | et dicis mihi Cotta vis in auro? | quisquam plumbea vina vult in auro? See Plut. qu. conviv. II 10. In the Anacreontea 14 Bergk (=9) 28 29 the dove shares her master's cup, with a sidelong o si sic omnes! πιεῖν δέ μοι δίδωσιν | τὸν οἶνον, ὃν προπίνει, where Barnes cites Esther 1 7.

V 24 25 VINUM, QUOD SUCIDA NOLIT LANA PATI Mart. XI 27 78 a mistress of moderate demands aut cum perfricuit frontem posuitque pudorem, | sucida palliolo vellera quinque petit. Calpurn. ecl. 5 67. dig. xxx11 70 § 4 sucida lana )( lota. Cf. Paul. sent. III 6 § 82. gloss. epiov olovπnрóν, άπλνтoν, lana sucida. The sweat and filth clinging to wool (oloπwτn, olovπos, olovτη, oesypum) needed to be scoured out (putare is the technical term). Wine used for the purpose also in Varro r. r. I 11 § 7 tonsas recentes [lanas] eodem die perungunt vino et oleo, non nemo admixta cera alba et adipe suillo. More in Blümner Technologie (as cited on vii 135) I 100-2. vocatur a Gallis laine surge; laine, qui a le suin' GRANG. Use of unscoured wool in medicine ind. Piin. and Galen 'lana.' Paul. Aegin. III 113 Adams. Orib. v 612. vr 469 D. In Hor. also (s. 11 8 40 41) imi | convivae lecti nihilum nocuere lagonis.

25 CORYBANTA see HSt. under the whole group of words beginning Kopuß-, esp. Strabo 466-474, where he states his opinion about mythology (καίπερ ἥκιστα φιλομυθοῦντες p. 474) 473 τῶν δὲ Κορυβάντων ὀρχηστικῶν καὶ ἐνθουσιαστικῶν ὄντων, καὶ τοὺς μανικῶς κινουμένους κορυβαντιᾶν φαμέν. Lucian deor. d. 12 § 1 where they gash themselves like the dervishes.

26 IURGIA PROLUDUNT Stanley cites Luc. amor. 10 åμaxiai. Aesch. Ag. 35 φροίμιον χορεύσομαι.

27 MAPPA Marquardt Privatleben 304, 469. Rich companion. Hence our 'map,' 'napery,' 'napkin.'

28 29 see the fight with jars and candlesticks and spits and forks and dogs in Petron. 95. Plin. xiv § 147 Tergilla Ciceronem M. F. binos congios simul haurire solitum ipsi obicit, Marcoque Agrippae a temulento scyphum inpactum. etenim haec sunt ebrietatis opera. Heliod. 1 1 a feast turned into a battlefield, tables, cups, axes, torches, shells from the shore, torches, serving as weapons: Tрáπeja........πρÒS Tŷ Yŷ τῶν κειμένων ἐν χερσὶν ἀνθ ̓ ὅπλων ἐνίοις παρὰ τὴν μάχην γεγενημέναι (ὁ γὰρ πόλεμος ἐσχεδίαστο)......κρατῆρες ἀνατετραμμένοι καὶ χειρῶν ἔνιοι τῶν ἐσχηκότων ὑπορρέοντες, τῶν μὲν πιόντων, τῶν δ ̓ ἀντὶ λίθων κεχρημένων. τὸ γὰρ αἰφνίδιον τοῦ κακοῦ τὰς χρείας ἐκαινοτόμει καὶ βέλεσι κεχρῆσθαι τοῖς ἐκπώμασιν ἐδίδασκεν. Plut. qu. conv. II 10 2 § 3 fighting and hustling for the larger share, railing at the waiters and at the host. [Philo] vit. contempl. 5 (11 477-8 M). Hier. in ep. Tit. 1 7 (VII 700a ed. Ven.) videas alios pocula in tela vertentes scyphum in faciem iacere convivae. O. Jahn in Berichte d. K. S. Gesellsch. (1857) 197 seq.

29 PUGNA COMMISSA Ov. m. XII 68 Burm. commissaque proelia. id. Ibis 45. Nep. Hannib. 11 § 3 proelium statim committere.

LAGONA on the orthography see Gudius on Phaedr. 1 26 8 (Vol. 11 pp. 39, 40 Burman), Schuchardt 1 278-280, Corssen Aussprache 112 74. 30 DIFFUSUM CONSULE Mart. VIII 45 in honour of the return of Terentius Priscus ver. 3 4 6 defluat et lento splendescat turbida lino | amphora centeno consule facta minor |...tam iusto dabitur quando calere mero. Marquardt Privatleben 445-447 vinum doliare is new wine, drunk out of the earthen dolium; if to be kept, it was drawn off (bottled, diffundebatur) · into amphorae. These had a brand (nota) either on a

-37

OLD WINE.

THRASEA.

421

ticket (pittacium) or on the amphora itself. Many amphorae have been found, as at Pompeii (CIL IV p. 172 seq. ephem. epigr. 1 160 seq.), at the quarters of the castra praetoria discovered in 1878 (Dressel in bulletino communale 1879). The inscription is either scratched on the jar, or written with ink or charcoal, or laid on with a brush in black, red, or white. Marquardt counts 43 dated amphorae, ranging from 107 B.C. (CIL VIII 10477 1) to 255 A.D., e.g. (Lanciani bullett. munic. 1874 p. 10), TI CLAVDIO • P • QVINCTILIO • cos (a.u.c. 741=B.C. 13)

A. D. XIII. K. IVN • VINVM

DIFFVSVM . QVOD • NATVM. EST

DVOBVS. LENTVLIS • cos (736=18)

AVTOCR.

The last line is probably the wine-merchant Autocrates. Galen (xiv 25 K) went through the imperial cellars of Falernian at Rome, reading the age written on the jars (τὴν ἡλικίαν ἀναγιγνώσκων ἐπιγεγραμμένην τοῖς Kepaμíos), tasting all that were more than 20 years old, till he came to such as had no bitter tang. Plaut. Poen. 835-8 bibitur, estur, quasi in popina, non secus. | ibi tu videas litteratas fictiles epistulas, pice signatas: nomina insunt cubitum longis litteris. | ita vinariorum habemus nostrae dilectum domi. Stat. s. Iv 6 7 vinaque perpetuis aevo certantia fastis. Cic. Brut. § 287 ut si quis Falerno vino delectetur, sed eo nec ita novo ut proximis consulibus natum velit, nec rursus ita vetere ut Opimium [L. Opimius cos. B.C. 121] aut Anicium [L. Anicius Gallus cos. B.C. 160] consulem quaerat—atqui hae notae sunt optumae, credo, sed nimia vetustas nec habet eam quam quaerimus suavitatem nec est iam sane tolerabilis— § 288 num igitur qui hoc sentiat, si is potare velit, de dolio sibi hauriendum putet? minume; sed quandam sequitur aetatem.

V 33 ALBANIS Galen vi 275 K. Stat. s. IV 8 39 Albano que cadum sordentem promere fumo.

34 PATRIAM IV 129 rhombi. xr 161 vini

SENECTUS Luc. merc. cond. 26 f. Tŵv äλλwv dιTov Te Kal παλαιότατον οἶνον πινόντων μόνος σὺ πονηρόν τινα καὶ παχὺν πίνεις, θεραπεύων ἀεὶ ἐν ἀργύρῳ ἢ χρυσῷ πίνειν, ὡς μὴ ἐλεγχθείης ἀπὸ τοῦ χρώματος οὕτως ἄτιμος ὢν ξυμπότης. καὶ εἴθε γε κἂν ἐκείνου ἐς κόρον ἦν πιεῖν, νῦν δὲ πολλάκις αἰτήσαντος ὁ παῖς οὐδ ̓ ἀΐοντι ἔοικεν.

35 FULIGINE Marquardt Privatleben 442 cites for the practice of mellowing the wine in smoke-chambers Colum. 1 6 § 20. Pallad. xI 14 § 8. Plin. XIV § 68. XXIII § 40 vinum fumo inveteratum insaluberrimum. mangones ista in apothecis excogitavere. Galen x1 663 K. xiv 17, 19. Wine-skins smoked psalm 119 83. Aristot. meteor. Iv 10 p. 388 b 6.

36 CORONATI Ov. am. 1 6 38. 67. Hor. s. II 3 254-7 mutatus Polemo, among other insignia morbi, is said ex collo furtim carpsisse coronas. Plut. qu. conv. 1 2 2 § 5.

THRASEA ind. Plin. ep. I 16 § 2 n. p. 217. § 10 n. p. 250. Plut. praec. ger. reip. 14 § 10 p. 810b Nero, a little before he slew Thrasea,though he hated and feared him exceedingly, still, when someone complained of being wrongly and unjustly sentenced by him-replied, 'I would I were as certain that Thrasea loves me, as I am that he is the best of judges.' Jahn's Persius XXXVIII-XLII. Zeller 13 (1) 689. Teuffel Gesch. d. röm. Lit.4 § 299 7. Friedländer 15 618-9. Boissier l'opposition sous les Césars (1875) 105-108.

HELVIDIUS Teuffel § 299 11. Plin. ep. I 11 § 3 n. p. 184. 16 § 2 n. p. 217. 37 BRUTORUM ET CASSI NATALIBUS Tac. XVI 22 cited on 36. ind. tyrannicide, Brutus. Plin. ep. 116 § 2 est omnino Capitoni in usu claros viros colere.