-123

GENTIS VITIO. NATURAE VENENUM.

367

M. Scaurus in his aedileship (Plin. Solin.). Pliny v § 69 calls Jaffa Iope Phoenicum. It had of old belonged to the Jews, was seized by Antiochos (Ios. ant. XIII 9 § 2), attached by Pompeius to the province of Syria (ib. XIV 4 § 4 f.), restored by Caesar to Hyrcanus (ib. 10 § 6); and after the deposition of Archelaus (6 A.D.) permanently united to Syria (ib. xvII 11 § 4. 13 § 5. b. Iud. 11 6 § 3. 8 § 1). This whole coast line from Egypt to Cilicia and Mt Amanus is comprehended under one name, Syria or Phoenicia, by Greek and Roman geographers (Strabo, Mela, 11. cc. Plin. v §§ 66 67. Reland Palaestina I c. 24). Stark Gaza u. d. philistäische Küste (Jena 1852) 593--4.

Add: Plin. v § 69 also mentions the chains of Andromeda : Iope Phoenicum, antiquior terrarum inundatione, ut ferunt, insidet collem praeiacente saxo in quo vinculorum Andromedae vestigia ostendunt. colitur illic fabulosa Ceto. In Jerome's time (in Ionam 1 3 vi 394a Ven. 1768) the rocks were still shewn on which Andromeda was bound. See for Beirût Robin. son's Palestine (1841) 111 435-447, who notices that the story of St George and the dragon (? whether a reminiscence of Perseus and his ceto) has its home there; for Jaffa (Jâfa) see Tobler Zwei Bücher Topographie von Jerusalem und seinen Umgebungen (Berl. 1853—4) 11 576 seq. III 118 25 n.

GORGONEI CABALLI 'hack,' satirical. Ov. Pont. IV 8 80 Gorgonei equi. PINNA CABALLI cf. XIII 233 cristam galli.

119 NON EST ROMANO CUIQUAM LOCUS HIC 21 22 'quando artibus' inquit honestis | nullus in urbe locus.'

120 the freedman of Caligula may well have supplied Iuv. with the name and type Protogenes (DCass. LIX 26 §§ 1 2); he carried about with him always the 'sword' and 'dagger' (known also to Suet. Cal. 49 f. gladius and pugio: ambo nomina et notas continebant morti destinatorum). Once, entering the senate, looking sternly at Scribonius Proclus, he cried 'you too greet me, though you hate the emperor so'; on which those present tore Proclus to pieces. Claudius A.D. 41 put Pr. to death and burnt the books (DCass. LX 4 §§ 4 5). An auriga of the name, a court favorite at a later date (Lamprid. Heliog. 6 § 3).

121 GENTIS VITIO = culpa )( beneficio Plaut. Nep. Ages. 5 § 2 quod tam multi a se victi vitio adversariorum concidissent. Petron. 111 vitio gentis humanae concupiit scire, quis aut quid faceret. Curt. VIII 5 § 8 ex Sicilia Cleo, hic quidem non ingenii solum, sed etiam nationis vitio adulator. Tac. d. 18 vitio autem malignitatis humanae vetera semper in laude, praesentia in fastidio esse.

PARTITUR Luc. cited 122. Greece with none will halve a friend, but keeps him all her own' (Badham).

122 SOLUS HABET Luc. I 290 291 partiri non potes orbem, | solus habere potes. FACILEM AUREM V 107 n. IN AUREM Ov. her. 3 23 Heins. Burm. Ruhnk. Mart. 1 89 1 n. Plin. h. n. vII § 183.

123 VENENO Cic. Catull. Liv. Stat. in lexx. Barth. on Stat. Th. I 171. Mamertin. grat. act. Iul. (paneg. x1) 21 quippe ei a fucatis adulantium [Bährens reads adulatuum, a word nowhere found] venenis quod periculum est, qui aures etiam veris laudibus gravatus impertiat? Manil. Iv 575-6 garrulitas odiosa datur linguaeque venenum | verba maligna novas mussantis semper ad aures. so linguae v. Prisc. laud. Anastas. 135-6 (Bahrens p. Í. m. v 269). Paulin. Petroc. vit. Mart. III 158 Barth. Hier. ep. 88 (1 257a) diaboli venena siluere. 97 2 f. (582) venena pectoris. 133 1 (1026a) omnium haereticorum venena. cf. Phoebad. c. Arian. 8 Barth pp. 96-7. Clem. recogn. 111 68. v 18. Ambr. de Noe et

368

NE NOBIS BLANDIAR.

ORBAE.

III 123

arca § 49. cf. Hor. ep. 1 14 38 Obbar non odio obscuro morsuque venenat. So 'poison,'' venom,' and their kindred are more used in a moral than physical sense.

III 124 LIMINE Sen. brev. vit. 14 § 3 cited on 1 86.

PERIERUNT TEM

PORA Ov. rem. am. 107 auxilii perierunt tempora primi.

124 125 LONGI SERVITII Hor. s. II 5 96-101 (rules of the art of getting on, oracularly laid down by Tiresias) importunus amat laudari: donec ohe iam!' | ad caelum manibus sublatis dixerit, urgue et | crescentem tumidis infla sermonibus utrem. | cum te servitio longo curaque levarit,| et certum vigilans 'quartae esto partis Ulixes' | audieris 'heres.'

99

"

125 SERVITII V 161 n.

126 PORRO Gron. on Sen. contr. 1 § 1. Hand IV 482. NE NOBIS BLANDIAR Plin. ep. v 1 § 11 factum meum, nisi forte blandior mihi, antiquum. VIII 3 § 2. Mart. x1 32 7. Tert. ad mart. 4 pr. Hier. ep. 64 § 5 vocabulum Christi, in quo mihi blandior. Hier. ep. 22 § 8 (11 94*). Several exx. in Dirksen manuale. cf. assentari sibi (Reid on Cic. ac. II § 45).

127 128 CURET CURRERE Grang. 'Romanorum cura integra currere ad domos beatorum.' 127 NOCTE while the man of wealth (Hor. ep. I 18 34 Obbar) dormiet in lucem. Friedländer 13 318-9-15 359 360. Luc. navig. 22 (a day-dream) sweet sleep, visits and entreaties of friends, all crouching and adoring; some walking up and down at early morning before my door, and among them Kleaenetos and Demokritos oi Távv; and when they claim admittance before the rest, let seven stalwart porters, barbarians, clap the door in their face, as they do to others. Then, when I think good, I will rise as the sun, and not even look at some of them; but if there be a poor man, such as I was before my treasure trove, I will be friendly to him and invite him after his bath to supper. Marquardt Privatleben 251-3. 536.

TOGATUS

128-130 CUM PRAETOR LICTOREM IRE PRAECIPITEM IUBEAT, NE PRIOR ALBINAM COLLEGA SALUTET Hor. s. 11 6 24 ne prior officio quisquam respondeat, urgue.

128 Friedländer 15 358 3. Sen. ep. 84 § 12 (cited 1 100 n. ad fin.). IMPELLAT Pers. II 12 13 pupillumve utinam, quem proximus heres | impello, expungam. Luc. 1 149 150 impellens quicquid sibi summa petenti obstaret. DCass. LVII 11 § 1 Tiberius was affable and easy of access to an extreme; for example he bade the senators salute him in a body, that there might be no hustling (va μǹ woтišwvтai). Mart. x 10 1-14 cum tu, laurigeris annum qui fascibus intras, mane salutator limina mille teras, | hic ego quid faciam? quid nobis, Paule, relinquis, qui de plebe Numae densaque turba sumus? | qui me respiciet, dominum regemque vocabo? | hoc tu, sed quanto blandius! ipse facis. I lecticam sellamve sequar? nec ferre recusas, per medium pugnas sed prior isse lutum. | saepius assurgam recitanti carmina? tu stas | et pariter geminas tendis in ora manus. | quid faciet pauper, cui non licet esse clienti? | dimisit nostras purpura vestra togas.

Ov.

129 ORBIS Comm. on Tac. G. 20. Gataker on Antonin. vI 59. a. a. II 271-2. Sen. rh. contr. 9 § 38 non ego ero pater orbo divite. Sen. ben, vi 38 § 4 an tu Arruntium et Haterium et ceteros, qui captandorum testamentorum artem professi sunt, non putas eadem habere quae designatores et libitinarios vota? Lucian d. mort. 4 § 2. 5-9. rhet. praec. 24. Philostr. soph. 1 21 § 4. Tac. XIII 42 accusation (A.D. 58) of P. Suillius against Seneca himself, Romae testamenta et orbos velut indagine eius capi. xv 19 A.D. 62 orbi adopted sons merely to obtain

-137

SALUTATIO. CLUDERE LATUS.

369

pretorships and provinces, and then cast them off; complaints satis pretii esse orbis, quod multa securitate, nullis oneribus gratiam honores cuncta prompta et obvia haberent.

III 130 cf. 184. PRIOR I 102. Sen. ben. vI 34 § 1 est proprium superbiae magno aestimare introitum ac tactum sui liminis et pro honore dare, ut ostio suo propius adsideas, ut gradum prior intra domum ponas, in qua deinceps multa sunt ostia, quae receptos quoque excludant.

ALBINAM ET MODIAM COLLEGA SALUTET I 39. Mart. IX 100 denaris tribus invitas et mane togatum | observare iubes atria, Basse, tua: | deinde haerere tuo lateri, praecedere sellam, ad vetulas tecum plus minus ire decem. | trita quidem nobis togula est vilisque vetusque: | denaris tamen hanc non emo, Basse, tribus. Sen. brev. vit. 7 § 7 ille reus quot dies abstulit?...quot illa anus efferendis heredibus lassa? quot ille ad irritandam avaritiam captantium simulatus aeger? quot ille potentior amicus, qui vos non in amicitiam, sed in apparatum habet?

SALUTET the meaning is best seen from Capitol. Ant. Pius 3 § 3 nam cum sacerdos femina Trallibus ex more proconsules semper hoc nomine salutaret, non dixit 'ave, pro consule,' sed 'ave, imperator.' To the orbae the praetor would say 'ave, Albina,'' ave, Modia' Mart. v 21.

131 DIVITIS HIC SERVI P. Vindob. servo, 'the son of the freeborn gives the wall (the right hand place) to the rich man's slave,' a far more forcible contrast, genitive opposed to genitive, and servo to filius without any epithet. tegere latus Cic. Phil. 13 § 4. VM. Iv 7 E 2. Ambr. enarr. in ps. 1 46. hexaëm. III § 30 utrumque latus tectus. Sidon. ep. 1 11 iunctis mihi lateribus incedere. Spartian. Hadr. 21 § 3 cum quodam tempore servum suum inter duos consulares e conspectu ambulare vidisset, misit qui ei colaphum daret diceretque: 'noli inter eos ambulare, quorum esse adhuc potes servus.' See Holyday and Lips. elect. II 2. Ov. f. II 67 68 in the good old days the greybeard medius iuvenum, non indignantibus ipsis | ibat, et interior (on the right), si comes unus erat. schol. rightly aut in medium servum mittit, aut in sinistra ambulat.' Eutr. vII 13 of Claudius tam civilis autem circa quosdam amicos exstitit, ut etiam Plautium qui in expeditione Britannica multa egregie fecerat, triumphantem ipse prosequeretur et conscendenti Capitolium laevus incederet. Plut. Flamin. 21 § 3.

132 133 QUANTUM IN LEGIONE TRIBUNI XIV 197 n. ACCIPIUNT 25,000 sesterces in the third century A.D. Marquardt StV. 112 97. Spartian. Hadr. 10 § 7 (Salmas. p. 95) nec pateretur quicquam tribunum a milite accipere.

133 CALVINAE see ind.

134 SEMEL AUT ITERUM Cic. Brut. § 308 (s. atque i. Cic. Caes. Colum. in Hand III 527. lexx. also cite Liv. Suet. Aug. 22. 27 f. Claud. 46 f. not so common as semel iterumque). Vulg. and Greg. (in Krebs) in same sense semel et bis.

136 ALTA SELLA VI 351 quae longorum vehitur cervice Syrorum. 353 conducit comites sellam. Grang. gives a choice of three meanings for DEDUCERE; the abl. shews that the simplest, 'to hand her down,' is to be preferred.

137 DA TESTEM=XVI 29 n. 8 exx. from Cic. orr. in Merguet do (I 147b). Plin. ep. 111 20 § 5. In the text-books humilitas discredits a witness Quintil. v 7 § 23 si humiles producet, vilitatem... oportebit incessere. § 30. In conflicting evidence § 34 the question might arise utri meliores viri? Paullus sent. v 15 § 1 suspectos gratiae testes, et eos vel maxime, quos... vitae humilitas infamaverit, interrogari non placuit.

370

PALLADIUM.

VENALITY OF ROME. III 137

cf. Cic. p. SRosc. § 43 fin. firmissimis et sanctissimis testimoniis virorum optimorum causa... communita. § 44 witnesses worthy of trust, ordine.. senatores, aetate grandes natu, natura sanctos et religiosos, copiis rei familiaris locupletes et pecuniosos.

III 137 138 HOSPES NUMINIS IDAEI Plin. h. n. VII § 120 vir optimus semel a condito aevo iudicatus est Scipio Nasica a iurato senatu. Pauly 11 666 n. 11. 138 NUMINIS IDAEI Preller-Jordan röm. Myth. 113 54—60.

PROCEDAT

Cic. p. Cael. § 66 fin. testes... exspecto. § 67 qui se numquam profecto, si in istum locum processerint, explicabunt. p. Flacco § 11 Graecus testis cum ea voluntate processit ut laedat, non iuris iurandi, sed laedendi verba meditatur. anth. lat. 787 3 R. NUMA who introduced the worship of Fides 1 115 n. Liv. 1 21 § 4. DH. 11 75. Plut. Num. 16 § 1. Clem. Al. str. v § 8. esp. Amm. xvi 7 § 4.

,, 139 SERVAVIT TREPIDAM FLAGRANTI EX AEDE MINERVAM on the Palladium see Preller-Jordan röm. Myth. 13 299. 113 169. Marquardt StV. 1 242. Ov, tr. III 1 29. Luc. 592-3. IX 991-2. Argos also (Paus. II 23 § 5 rebukes the Argive claim: τὸ μὲν δὴ Παλλάδιον, καλεῖται γὰρ οὕτω, δῆλόν ÉσTW és 'Iraλíav koμɩσlèv væò Alvelov), Lavinium, Luceria, Ilium, Siris, all shewed the genuine Palladium of Troy (Schwegler 1 332-4). Profane eyes first beheld it after the fire of A.D. 191 (Hdn. 1 14 §§ 4 5. cf. v 6 § 3). Constantine, si credimus, imbedded it in the basis of the still existing porphyry monolith, set up in the forum of Constantinople. The Byzantine Christians, regarding it as the fatal pledge of the city's safety, kindled tapers and incense there (Lasaulx Untergang des Hellenismus 49 50). On the fire of B.C. 241 see Oros. IV 11 § 9 (ignis) cum omnia in circuitu fori popularetur, aedem Vestae corripuit, et ne sibi quidem dis subvenientibus ignem illum, qui aeternus putabatur, temporarius ignis oppressit; unde etiam Metellus, dum arsuros deos eripit, vix bracchio semiustulatus aufugit. Sidon. c. 9 (=1 Baret) 195-7. cf. Firm. Matern. 15 § 3 Troy was burnt by the Greeks, Rome by the Gauls, et ex utroque incendio Palladium reservatum est, sed reservatum non propriis virtutibus, sed humano praesidio: ab utroque enim loco homines liberarunt et translatum est ne humano flagraret incendio cet. cf. 16 § 2 seq. where the emperors are adjured to burn it. Aug. c. D. 1 2. A very high character of Metellus, by his son Q. Metellus Macedonicus, with Pliny's criticism h. n. vii §§ 139-141. Pauly 11 22 n. 2. Sen. exc. contr. Iv 2. Heyne exc. Ix on Aen. II, Klausen Aeneas 276 n. 1.

140 cf. 183 184. VII 138. Sall. Catil. 10 § 4. Iug. 8 § 1 (=20 § 1) Romae omnia venalia. cf. 28 § 1. 35 § 5 Iugurtha, leaving Rome, fertur saepe eo tacitus respiciens postremo dixisse: o urbem venalem et mature perituram, si emptorem invenerit. Freinsheim on Flor. I 1 § 18. 5 § 18. 9 § 3. Ov. f. 1 209-218. App. Mithr. 56 f. Petron. 14 quid faciant leges, ubi sola pecunia regnat, | aut ubi paupertas vincere nulla potest? cet. 119 ver. 39-44. See the terrible indictment against the mystic Babylon apocal. 18 with the πâv Tâν πâv of ver. 12, and the climax 'souls of men' in ver. 13. Countless proverbs and protests in every style of composition attest that Rome has never washed away this hereditary taint. Wander deutsches Sprichwörter-Lex. v 1685 n. 114 (in Rome the 10 commandments consist in the 10 letters da pecuniam). PROTINUS AD CENSUM, DE MORIBUS ULTIMA FIET QUAESTIO Phokylides (cf. Plat. rep. 407a) in Diogenian. IV 39 díšeσlai Biotńv, åpetǹv d'ÖTav Bios. Contrary to the rule of ethics Cic. off. 11 § 69 cum in hominibus iuvandis mores spectari aut fortuna solet, dictu quidem est proclive itaque volgo loquuntur, se in beneficiis collocandis mores homi

— 1.44

SLAVES. MONEY MAKES THE MAN.

371

num, non fortunam sequi. § 71 sitque omne iudicium non, quam locuples, sed qualis quisque sit.

III 141 QUOT PASCIT SERVOS Sen. tranq. 8 §§ 6 8. Apuleius (apol. 17-23) had gone, so his enemies affirmed, to Oea c. 17 uno servo comite; and had manumitted three slaves: 'supposing I had, cur potius tres servos inopiae signum putares, quam tres libertos opulentiae? Know that not philosophers only, verum etiam imperatores populi Romani paucitate servorum gloriatos; that M. Antonius, a consular, solos octo servos domi habuisse; Carbo had only seven; that Manius Curius had only two calones in camp, counting more triumphs than slaves. M. Cato, when he went as consul to Spain, tres servos solos ex urbe duxisse; when he found that more were required, he bought two more from the market; eos quinque in Hispaniam duxisse.' c. 21 will you accuse me, not of any vice, sed quod vivo gracili lare, quod pauciores ego habeo, parcius pasco, levius vestio? He ends with a tu quoque c. 23 never again taunt any one with poverty, for you yourself alone, with a single ass, ploughed the one little field, your sole inheritance.' Scipio Africanus took five slaves on his campaign, Iulius Caesar three to Britain (Ath. 273ab). Sil. XI 274-7. XIII 357-360. Petron. 37 f. 47 Burm. (400 cooks). 53 seventy slave children born in a day on the Cumanum praedium of Trimalchio. 117 familiam quidem tam magnam per agros Numidiae esse sparsam, ut possit vel Carthaginem capere. The freedman C. Caecilius Claudius Isidorus had 4116 slaves (Plin. xxxIII § 135). Luc. navig. 22 f. πaîdas @palovs dσov dioxiλious. Wallon г 71-159. Becker-Marquardt III 2 100. Marquardt Privatleben 189. See Catull. (cited 231 n.) L. and S. adovλos (with Ruhnken and Madvig there cited), adovλía. Add for ådovλos DH. VIII 41. Georg. Pis. hexaëm. 1842: also the verb ảdovλéw Strabo 712 fin. 141 142 AGRI IUGERA Mart. x 58 9 dura suburbani dum iugera pascimus agri.

142 QUAM MULTA MAGNAQUE sing. as I 120 n. Pacat. 47 f. quam multo circumdabor auditore! Merguet lex. Cic. Iv 24 b 25b 27 b shews that quam multi is as usual as quot. In such a passage as Cic. Lael. § 86 honores vero...quam multi ita_contemnunt! the bare quot (without homines) would scarcely be allowed.

PAROPSIDE Suet. Galba 12. Becker Gallus 13 279. Mart. xI 31 18. Prud. hamart. 532 Dressel. epilog. 18 (p. 487 Dr.). Wetstein on Matt. 23 25. HSt. Sidon. ep. 11 9 (with Savaro p. 106). Isid. xx 4 § 10. Charis. 1 82. Migne patrol. CVI 1150a. 1474°.

143 144 Hor. s. II 3 94-99. ep. 11 3 31-40 esp. 36 fidem. Apul. apol. 23 tu vero, Aemiliane, et id genus homines, uti tu es, inculti et agrestes, tanti revera estis, quantum habetis. Aug. enarr. in ps. 51 9 § 14 quantum habebis, tantus eris. proverbium avarorum_rapacium, innocentes opprimentium, res alienas invadentium, commendata negantium. quale hoc proverbium quantum habebis, tantus eris? id est, quantum habueris pecuniae, quantum acquisieris, tanto plus poteris. The proverb is cited also Aug. de discipl. Christiana §§ 9 pr. 12 (vi 983a, 986 Gaume). In the former passage there is a riming proverb unnoticed by Erasmus: quid illi in aures insusurrabis, homo avare, nisi Fili, aut frater aut pater, bonum est nobis ut cum hic vivimus bene sit nobis? quantum habebis, tantus eris. frange lunam, et fac fortunam.'

143 ARCA XI 26 n.

144 TANTUM HABET ET FIDEI Sall. Iug. 24 § 4 iam ante expertus sum parum fidei miseris esse. Menand. monost. 512 rŵv yàρ TEVÝTWV