-16

RECITATIONS.

REDA.

JEWS IN ROME.

347 a classic in my hands and was entreated to read it for all to hear. I did so, adding here and there, and throwing in explanations, not, μà tòv Xóylov, after deliberate study, but as they came to my thoughts and tongue: καὶ δῆτα θόρυβος ἤρθη παλὺς καὶ κρότος ἐρράγη, as they praised the author, and not least for my additions.' Eus. h. e. vII 30 § 9 Firmilian's vanity in church, ‘βῆμα μὲν καὶ θρόνον ὑψηλὸν ἑαυτῷ κατασκευασάμενος, smiting his thigh, stamping on his tribune, rebuking and reviling those who do not applaud nor wave their handkerchiefs as in theatres, nor shout aloud, starting to their feet, like the men and women of his party, but as in God's house listen with decency and order.' P. 178 recitations burdensome to the hearers Cic. ad Att. II 2 § 2 coniurasse mallem, quam restitisse coniurationi, si illum mihi audiendum putassem. Ov. a. a. II 507-8 sed neque declament medio sermone diserti, nec sua non sanus scripta poeta legat. Phaedr. Iv ad fin. ‘poeta ad Particulonem' 7-9 commend, if not my wit, my brevity, which deserves the more credit, quanto poetae sunt molesti validius. Mart. III 45. 50. Ix 83. xi 52 16. anth. Pal. x 140. 143 Pluto shuts the door against the rhetor Marcus; one Cerberus is enough in hell. If he must needs declaim, let him take Ixion and Tityus and the lyric poet Melito as his audience. No worse company can pester me, until the grammarian Rufus descends with his. solecisms. P. 179 recitations at feasts Plut. qu. conv. 1 4 3 § 2 p. 621. § 9 p. 622. P. 180 1. 5 biographies recited Plin. ep. III 10.

III 10 TOTA DOMUS REDA COMPONITUR UNA Sen. ep. 87 § 2 cum paucissimis servis, quos unum capere vehiculum potuit, sine ullis rebus, nisi quae corpore nostro continebantur, ego et Maximus meus biduum iam beatissimum agimus. The carriage took the family up at the gate because of the police restrictions on street traffic (x 36 n. ad fin.). Bassus started from the same gate in a reda full of vegetables of all kinds, thrushes, a hare, a sucking pig, which he was exporting to the country. urbem petebat Bassus? immo rus ibat (Mart. III 47). A rich man drove from his house in the suburbs to the place (Galen x1 299 K) ëvła Tŵv оxnμáтwν ȧтоßalveu cioiv elloμévol. Sen. ben. vII 5 § 3 let for hire. Among Maximin's feats of strength (Capitol. Max. 6 § 9) iam illa prope in vulgi ore sunt posita, quod...redam onustam solus moveret. Friedländer 15 60-63. On the reda Marquardt Privatleben 711-2.

11 MADIDAM CAPENAM R. Burn in journ. of philol. x 2. Jordan Topogr. d. St. Rom 1 (1878) 227-231. II (1871) 380. 615.

12 HIC UBI NOCTURNAE NUMA CONSTITUEBAT AMICAE VI 531 en animam et mentem, cum qua di nocte loquantur! arg. Ov. met. IV fab. 4 of Pyramus and Thisbe constituerunt itaque ut matutino ad monumentum Nini regis sub arborem morum convenirent ad amorem. cf. Ov, am. ir 17 18 (creditur) Egeriam iusto concubuisse Numae. Aug. c. D. vII 35 Numa, having no authentic revelation of prophet or angel, was fain hydromantian facere,...ut in aqua videret imagines deorum vel potius ludificationes daemonum, a quibus audiret, quid in sacris constituere atque observare deberet. see Varro ibid.

13 SACRI FONTIS Ciofan. ad Ov. met. II 464. Ov. f. 1 261. Kepsalides Reise durch Italien 1 117 seq.

14 Schürer die Gemeindeverfassung der Juden in Rom in der Kaiserzeit 1879. Friedländer 115 576 n. 3 a Jewish cemetery has been found, where Iuv. stood, by the Appian road, outside the porta Capena. On FAENUM see Sen. (Iv 116 n.); on COPHINUS Wetstein on Matt. 14 20. Theophr. char. 4 fin. Plut. Cat. min. 32 § 1.

16 ARBOR VI 544 cited on 14.

348 PRAESENTIUS. NO ROOM FOR VIRTUE IN ROME. III 17—

III 17 EGERIAÈ ind. Schwegler 1 548. 558.

99

18 19 QUANTO PRAESENTIUS ESSET NUMEN AQUAE R. Beer spicileg. Iuvenal. 64 'P non praesentius sed tantum praes ||| ||| ||| ||| praebet litteris ultimis erasis. recte tamen praesentius restitui cum loci ratio tum cod. Vindob. ostendit, qui hoc loco unus omnium librorum correctura non infectus est. atqui verbis vulgo traditis alia subest interpolatio: exhibet enim P aquis a prima manu conscriptum aptum illud fonti qui antro includitur; orta est mutatio ex voce praestantius qua intrusa dativus non habuit quo referretur.'

19 NUMEN AQUAE Preller-Jordan röm. Myth. r3 57-59. 86. Verses 18-20 remind one of the protests of Wordsworth and Ruskin against the desecration of the lake country (cf. the fate of loch Katrine and Thirlmere). The Reatini in a like spirit resisted the proposed works on the lacus Velinus and the Nar Tac. an. 1 79 optime rebus mortalium consuluisse naturam, quae sua ora fluminibus, suos cursus, utque originem, ita fines dederit; spectandas etiam religiones sociorum, qui sacra et lucos et aras patriis amnibus dicaverint: quin ipsum Tiberim nolle prorsus accolis fluviis orbatum minore gloria fluere. Every one will remember Pliny's letter (VIII 8) on the Clitumnus.

MARMORA

20 VIOLARENT Gataker on Antonin. vi 30 pr. Verg. g. 466 nec casia liquidi corrumpitur usus olivi. Pers. i 64 Jahn. TOFUM Mitford cites Sidon. c. XXII 226 nec exesum supplebunt marmora tofum.

21 HIC TUNC UMBRICIUS Cic. Verr. 1 § 66. II § 94 hic tum repente Pacilius. Cluent. § 56 hic tum Fabricius. ib. §§ 73. 76. cf. § 51. Sest. § 25 hic tum senatus sollicitus. Phaedr. v 10 6 hic tunc venator. 1 14 5 "Burman. Bremi on Nep. 18 4 § 3. Serv. Aen. x 345 HIC CURIBUS hoc est 'tunc'.

21 22 QUANDO ARTIBUS HONESTIS NULLUS IN URBE LOCUS Plin. ep. П 20 § 12 ảλλà Tí diareívoμaι in ea civitate, in qua iam pridem non minora praemia, immo maiora, nequitia et improbitas quam pudor et virtus habent? Mart. IV 5 vir bonus et pauper linguaque et pectore verus [ver. 41], | quid tibi vis, urbem qui, Fabiane, petis? | qui nec leno [ver. 156] potes nec comissator haberi | nec pavidos tristi voce citare reos; nec potes uxorem [ver. 110] cari corrumpere amici,│..... vendere nec vanos circum Palatia fumos, | plaudere [ver. 42. 86-108] nec Cano, plaudere nec Glaphyro. | unde miser vives? 'homo certus, fidus amicus' [ver. 137-146]-| hoc nihil est: numquam sic Philomelus eris. On artibus see Tac. an. vi 7 sanctissimis Arruntii artibus.

On the whole context Grangaeus: 'mera est imitatio Plaut. merc. 836-841 ego mihi alios deos penatis persequar, alium Larem, | aliam urbem, aliam civitatem: ab Atticis abhorreo. | nam ubi mores deteriores increbrescunt in dies, | ubi qui amici, qui infideles sint nequeas pernoscere, | ubique id eripiatur, animo tuo quod placeat maxume, | ibi quidem si regnum detur, non cupitast civitas.'

23 Bücheler (in Rhein. Mus. XXIX 636—7) ‘Lepida Vmbricii sententia res hodie minor est here quam fuit, atque eadem cras deteret exiguis aliquid non potest non deformata esse mendo. Nam eadem res deterere sibi aliquid absurde dicitur, urbs autem sicui posse videatur intellegi commemorata in versu superiore nec pronomini illi vis sua maneat et sententiae retundatur acumen. ignorarunt opinor librarii cras pro nomine positum ut Tv aplov tam audacter aut paulo etiam audacius quam a Persio ecce aliud cras egerit hos annos (Priscianus XVIII § 298) et

-31

DAEDALUS.

NIGRUM IN CANDIDA.

349

cum nomen aliud requirerent, atq. eadem fecerunt ex atq. adeo. quae particula et apte argumento praeponitur graviori et saepe adhibita est ab Iuvenale.' When Prof. Bücheler raised this objection years ago at Bonn, I thought he was seeking nodum in scirpo, and I think so more and more, the more I consider the verse. Why may not an estate, less today than yesterday, rub off, wear away, waste, something tomorrow from its little remnant? Eadem is gleichfalls, zugleich, as in Cic. Brut. § 273 cited by Klotz oratio splendida et grandis et eadem in primis faceta. The emphatic atque adeo is quite out of place. Friedländer (Bursian's Jahresber. III 214) rejects it. Markland, I must confess, is also puzzled: 'quis potest construere? mihi videtur excidisse versus post cras. Priscianus p. 1011 citat quemadmodum hic legitur.' Mart. Iv 7 1 5 6 has here and hodie twice.

III 24 25 PROPONIMUS ILLUC IRE Hor. s. II 6 99 ambo propositum peragunt iter.

GRANG.

25 Badham Iuv. is fond of describing places by a periphrasis, in which he makes some allusion to their mythological reputation 117-8. I 10. XII 70-74.' FATIGATAS UBI DAEDALUS EXUIT ALAS to dedicate them to Apollo Ov. m. vIII 260-1 iamque fatigatum tellus Aetnaea tenebat | Daedalon. id. her. 17 (18) 49 nunc daret audaces utinam mihi Daedalus alas. Aen. 1 689 690 alas exuit of Cupid. The wings (remigium alarum) of D. became to rationalists (velorum alae) sails, the invention of D., who by their means escaped the oarsmen of Minos (Paus. Ix 11 § 4 cited by Böttiger). cf. Phanodicus in Serv. Aen. vi 14. Plin. h. n. vii § 209 vela [invenit] Icarus, malum et antennam Daedalus. Sil. XII 89-103 ending audaces exuit alas, Sall. h. 11 4 D (in Serv. Aen. vi 14) Daedalus vero primum Sardiniam, ut dicit Sallustius, post delatus est Cumas.

26 DUM NOVA CANITIES Hor. c. 1 9 17 donec virenti canities abest. PRIMA SENECTUS from 45 to 60 (age of seniores) Censorin. 14 § 2 (after 60, senes). cf. Tubero in Gell. x 28 § 1.

27 DUM SUPEREST LACHESI QUOD TORQUEAT technical terms oтρÉPEL (περιστρέφειν) τὸ νῆμα, τὴν κρόκην, fila (stamina) pollice (manu, digitis) versare or torquere (Blümner Technologie.. der Gewerbe... Leipzig 1875, I 114 who cites exx. from Ov. Tibull. Sen. Petron. Sil. Apul. Hier.).

28 NULLO DEXTRAM SUBEUNTE BACILLO Apul. met. v 1 summa laquearia citro et ebore curiose cavata subeunt aureae columnae.

99

29 CEDAMUS PATRIA II 131—2 cede severi | iugeribus campi. cf. Hor. epod. 16. Tac. XIII 47 fin. cedere patria iubetur. ib. 11 34 inter quae L. Piso ambitum fori, corrupta iudicia, saevitiam accusatorum accusationes minitantium increpans, abire se et cedere urbe, victurum in aliquo abdito et longinquo rure testabatur. Tiberius, personally and by his friends, brought him from his purpose. IV 21 Piso's rashness was not forgotten or forgiven.

30-57 Iuv. mixes together breaches of moral law and of conventional decorum as Tac. an. IV 62. XIV 13-16.

99

30 QUI NIGRUM IN CANDIDA VERTUNT Ter. Ph. 771 eis nunc praemiumst, qui recta prava faciunt. Pers. I 110 per me equidem sint omnia protinus alba. Many proverbs (see Wander Sprichwörter-Lex. schwarz) e.g. 'schwarz bleibt schwarz.' 'Black stones will never grow white.' 'Aethiops non albescit.' 'Einem schwarz für weiss vormachen.' 'Schwarz weiss nennen.' 'Schwarz für weiss.'

ep.

31-38 QUIS FACILE EST...CONDUCERE cet. ¿pyoláßol. Hor. I 177 pars hominum gestit conducere publica, others hope to rise by fortune

350

ELUVIES.

PRAEBERE CAPUT.

HASTA. III 31—

hunting or usury. of the farmers of tolls. III 32 SICCANDAM ELUVIEM Hier. in Eph. c. v 12 (vii 674o, Ven. 1769) in urbibus eos qui aliquid commisere flagitii videmus vel bestias alere vel secare marmora vel mundare spurcitias cloacarum vel praeesse gladiatoribus et fundendo reorum sanguini destinari. Plin. xxxvi § 6 redemptor cloacarum. Epaminondas, when made telearch (aedile) from envy, raised to great honour (Plut. praec. ger. reip. 15 § 2 p. 811) τnv τελεαρχίαν, οὐδὲν οὖσαν πρότερον, ἀλλ ̓ ἢ περὶ τοὺς στενωποὺς ἐκβολῆς κοπρίων καὶ ῥευμάτων ἀποτροπῆς ἐπιμέλειάν τινα. With like patriotism Agrippa B.C. 33 (DCass. XLIX 43 § 1) voluntarily undertook the aedileship, and at his own cost restored the public buildings and streets, and cleared out the sewers, passing through them in a boat to the Tiber. A.D. 39 Caligula (ib. LIX 12 § 3) seeing mire in the streets, ordered it to be cast on the clothes of Vespasian, then aedile; afterwards interpreted as an omen of his future elevation; he was destined to reform the state, which he found in confusion. Lips. de magnit. Rom. 11 6 refers to the chrysargyrum, a tax (among other things) on excrements, imposed on every man, woman and child, abolished by Anastasius (Cedren. I 626-7 Bonn. Constantin. Manasses 3087—90).

FLUMINA PORTUS Friedländer 15 277 understands this

33 PRAEBERE CAPUT V 172. Hegesipp. bell. Iud. 1 23 § 1 Pompeio interfecto, qui dum arma Caesaris fugit spadoni Aegyptio caput suum amputandum praebuit, conversae res. praebuit tamen ea patientia caput. dig. 1 5 5 § 1 servi autem in dominium nostrum rediguntur aut iure civili aut gentium: iure civili, si quis se maior viginti annis ad pretium participandum venire passus est. Plaut. Curc. 482 in Tusco vico ibi sunt homines qui ipsi sese venditant.

,,,, DOMINA VENALE SUB HASTA Sen. cons. ad Marc. 20 § 5 if Cicero had died B.C. 63 or after his daughter's death, non vidisset strictos in civilia capita mucrones nec divisa percussoribus occisorum bona, ut etiam de suo perirent, non hastam consularia spolia vendentem.

DOMINA HASTA Mart. and Ov. Pont. IV 5 5 and am. I 14 16 domina urbs. am. II 5 30 domina manus. Stat. s. IV 2 6 domina mensa. Mart. II 31 3 domina arca.

34 35 CORNICINES ET MUNICIPALIS HARENAE PERPETUI COMITES II 118. a college of cornicines inscr. Rheni 731. Friedländer (115 345) compares CIG 3675

οὐκέτι χαλκελάτου φωνὴν σάλπιγγος ἀκούων οὐδ ̓ ἀνίσων αὐλῶν, κέλαδον λαῶν ἀνεγείρω. cf. Stat. s. v 3 138-9 of his father inde frequens pugnae nulloque ingloria

sacro vox tua.

MUNICIPALIS HARENAE at Fidenae an amphitheatre hastily reared by one Atilius (Tac. an. Iv 62) libertini generis, . . . non abundantia pecuniae nec municipali ambitione, sed in sordidam mercedem, fell, A. D. 27, crushing 20,000 (Suet. Tib. 40) or 50,000 (Tac. 63) spectators in its ruin.

36 MUNERA NUNC EDUNT II 148. Tac. an. Iv 63 cautumque in posterum senatus consulto, ne quis gladiatorium munus ederet cui minor quadrin gentorum milium res. The best commentary on the text ib. xv 34 (cited on v 46).

99

37 OCCIDUNT SO of Cerdo (who exhibited gladiators Mart. III 16. 59) ib. 99 3 4 cur ludere nobis | non liceat, licuit si iugulare tibi? cruelty of the spectators Sen. de ira i 2 § 5. Aug. conf. vI 13. Prud. hamart. 368373. Luc. Demon, 57 (the Athenians ought not to institute gladiatorial

I

-42

FORICAE. EX HUMILI.

FORTUNE'S SPORT.

351

shows, so long as the altar of Pity stands). Plut. Flamin. 18 §§ 4-7. Hertzberg Gesch. Griechenl. 11 252 73. 253 80. INDE REVERSI ruined by the cost, or rather still continuing their filthy trade.

III 38 CONDUCUNT FORICAS ind. s. v. forica. dig. xx11 1 17 § 5 foricarii. Marquardt StV. 11 270 9 and 10 (following another interpretation of the schol. alii tabernas dicunt foro vicinas) understands a rent paid to the fiscus by the boothkeepers, and farmed to publicani. Furnaletto (in Forc.) understands a warehouse at Ostia, and the payment a dogana di transito. cf. lexx. forica, foricula, foricularium. Rodbertus (cited by Friedländer 15 277 2) rightly understands Iuv. 'vom Pachten von Abtrittssteuern.' The other renderings give no climax. See Friedländer 1115 151-2 'Das Latrinenwesen in Rom.' Arcad. p. 98 24 popeià ò ẞipßopos.

39 EX HUMILI Caes. Ov. ex humili loco. Sall. Quintil. h. 7. subst. Cic. Tusc. II § 5 oratorum quidem laus ita ducta ab humili venit ad summum. Spartian. Sever. 18 § 11 huius dictum est, cum eum ex humili per litterarum et militiae officia ad imperium plurimis gradibus Fortuna duxisset: 'omnia' inquit 'fui et nihil expedit.' MAGNA AD FASTIGIA RERUM Aen. I 342 summa sequar fastigia rerum. Vell. I 11 § 6. II 128 § 2. ben. vI 30 § 3 monstrabo tibi, cuius rei inopia laborent magna fastigia. brev. vit. 4 § 1. tranq. 10 § 6. cons. Marc. 4 § 4. Tac. an. III 56. XIV 54 f. h. I 15. Manil. 1 40 proxima tangentes rerum fastigia caelo.

Sen.

39 40 XIV 262-4 n. Schmidt Denk- u. Glaubensfreiheit 257 has many references (from Hor. Prop. Petron. Mart. cet.) to shew the prevalent belief in the power of Fortune under the empire e.g. Iuv. VII 190—3. 197. x 52. XIII 86 seq. XIV 314 seq. A favorite of Fortune Sen. rh. contr. 34 § 22 Timagenes ex captivo cocus, ex coco lecticarius, ex lecticario usque in intimam amicitiam Caesaris felix. Vulcat. Avid. Cass. 14 § 8 audisti praefectum praetorii nostri philosophi ante triduum quam fieret mendicum et pauperem, sed subito divitem factum.

40 VOLUIT FORTUNA IOCARI VII 197-8 n. xiv 262 n. Sen. tranq. 11 § 5 Fortuna illa, quae ludos sibi facit. Stanley cites anth. Pal. x 80 (where see Boissonade) παίγνιόν ἐστι τύχης μερόπων βίος, οἰκτρός, ἀλήτης, πλούτου καὶ πενίης μεσσόθι ῥεμβόμενος. | καὶ τοὺς μὲν κατάγουσα πάλιν σφαιρηδὸν ἀείρει, | τοὺς δ ̓ ἀπὸ τῶν νεφελῶν εἰς ἀΐδην κατάγει. Ovid complains of upstarts am. III 8 9 10 ecce recens dives parto per vulnera censu | praefertur nobis sanguine pastus eques! tr. Iv 10 8 non sum Fortunae munere factus eques. Hor. c. III 29 49-52. Claud. in Eutr. 1 23-25 sic omnia volvis? | hoc regni, Fortuna, tenes? quaenam ista iocandi | saevitia? Boet. cons. II 1.

41 QUID ROMAE FACIAM Mart. III 30 1 quid Romae, Gargiliane, facis? x 10 3 hic ego quid faciam? Pers. I 12. Gifford cites Cowley's version of Mart. Iv 5 (cited on 21 22) and imitations of this satire from Wyatt's epistle to Poynes.

Hor. a. p.

41 42 LIBRUM LAUDARE 9 n. pp. 177-8. cf. XIII 32 n. 426-433. ep. 1 19 35-40. Mart. 1 49 37-40. VIII 76. Lucian adv. indoct. 20 you are persuaded by flatterers not only that you are handsome and loveable, but a sage and orator and historian without a peer; and you buy books to confirm the truth of their commendations. They say that you also recite speeches to them at dinner, κἀκείνους χερσαίων βατρά χων δίκην διψῶντας κεκραγέναι, καὶ μὴ πίνειν, ἢν μὴ διαρραγῶσι βοῶντες. Epikt. I 23 § 13 τὸν δεῖνα δὲ πρῴην οὐκ ἐπῄνεις παρὰ τό σοι φαινόμενον ; LIBRUM LAUDARE ET POSCERE Arntzen (before his Arator, 1769 sign. ****) prints a note from the mss. Arator read a specimen of his work April 6 A.D. 544 to pope Vigilius; who, at the request of 'all