342

LUXURIAE SORDES.

CRUDUS PAVO.

I 138I 138 COMEDUNT Ath. 166a. Plut. II 199b n. 21. Cic. fam. Ix 20 f. bona tua. Sen. ep. 122 § 14.

PATRIMONIA VII 113. x 13. XII 50 51 n. xiv 116. 229. Sen. ben. vII 9 § 4 non satis muliebris insania viros subegerat, nisi bina ac terna patrimonia auribus singulis pependissent. Won in trade Sen. n. q. II 38 § 2.

139 PARASITUS C. Beaufils de parasitis apud veteres 1861. 8vo. QUIS FERAT VII 147. cf. v 164. II 24 quis tulerit? v1 166 quis feret? Ov. am. I 13 26. Vopisc. cited on ш 61.

140 LUXURIAE SORDES XIV 124. Oxymoron xiv 120-1 beati pauperis. Plin. ep. 1 9 § 2 n. Sen. vit. beat. 20 § 4 non sordide nec maligne. brev, vit. 15 §3. Kiaer compares with luxuriae sordes = luxuriam sordidam 1 10. I 4. 143. ш 118. 304. Iv 6. 39. 72. v 9. 11 sordes farris canini. 153. VI 40.

GULA II 34 vitia ultima.

140 141 TOTOS APROS Ath. 129b at the wedding-feast of the Macedonian Karanos there was served to each guest (to be taken away) a silver-gilt dish containing a boar, stuffed with all manner of delicacies. 141 PONIT ind. APROS, ANIMAL ind. (pp. 412, 415) under apposition. Liv. v 47 § 3 ne canes quidem, sollicitum animal ad nocturnos strepitus. Apul. de deo Socr. 8 f. aves terrestre animal. Eus. mart. Pal. 12 pr. καμήλων ἀλόγου καὶ τῇ τοῦ σώματος φύσει σκολιωτάτου Sov. Hier. ep. 82 9 noverit nos homines esse, rationale animal. On boars as a dish see Petron. 40 with the comm. Sen. brev. vit. 12 § 1. Macrob. Sat. III 13 § 13 porcum Troianum...aliis inclusis animalibus gravidum, ut ille Troianus equus gravidus armatis fuit. Lips. poliorc. iv 1 (opp. III 332). Plato rep. 373°.

142 DEPONIS AMICTUS in the άróleσis, άπoduтýρlov or spoliarium (dressing-room) Marquardt Privatleben 272; where the clothes were guarded by capsarii (ibid. 143) from the numerous fures balnearii (ibid. 273). 143 Lucr. vI 799--801.

CRUDUM PAVONEM many admirable protests against dietetic excess in Seneca (Haase's ind. crudus, epulae, luxuria) e.g. ep. 95 §§ 15-28. 119 §§ 13 14. On the dietetic use of emetics see Daremberg's note (Oribase II 829-832). The peacock indigestible (vol. v 169 16, I 224 4). So the μýrpa (vulva, sumen 1 223 9). Orib. declares that emetics are needless to those who live by rule (τοῖς εὐτάκτως ζώσι) and take exercise (III 182 3). Sen. ad Helv. 10 § 3 vomunt ut edant, edunt ut vomant, et epulas, quas toto orbe conquirunt, nec concoquere dignantur. ind. to Plin. h. n. cruditas. Aretaeus 1 16 names omission of customary vomiting as one cause of cachexia. Dr Adams in his excellent commentary on Paulus Aegineta 1 73 (vol. 1 pp. 107–110) enumerates the ancient authors on dietetics, commending Galen as not yet superseded. Aug. c. D. xxi 4 sent away from table at Carthage a slice from the breast of a peacock, and found after the lapse of a month, and then of a year, that it was shrunk and dry, but not putrid. Heliogabalus had dishes of peacocks' tongues Lampr. 20 § 5 (imitated in a wedding breakfast at a Rothschild's some years ago) and heads (ib. § 6).

144 HINC SUBITAE MORTES verb omitted with inde (1 168. II 236. XIV 173), unde (1 150. II 127. Ix 8. XIV 56).

144-5 see journal of philol. XIII (1885) 231-2.

145 IT PER CUNCTAS CENAS OV. f. 1 15 per laudes ire tuorum. Tac. d. 32. Quintil. per totas-omnes—singulas (Bonnell lex. p. 235 fin.). FABULA Plin. ep. 1 13 § 2 plerique in stationibus sedent tempusque audiendi

-157

ULTERIUS.

SULCUM DEDUCIT HARENA.

343

fabulis conterunt. Suet. Aug. 70 pr. cena quoque eius secretior in fabulis fuit.

I 147 ULTERIUS ind. IX 38 quod tamen ulterius monstrum, quam mollis avarus? Ov. her. 17 28. Our author's pessimism (XIII 26 n.) is overdrawn. Hear a contemporary, assuredly no flatterer: Tac. Agr. 3 nunc demum redit animus: sed quamquam primo statim beatissimi saeculi ortu Nerva Caesar res olim dissociabiles miscuerit, principatum ac libertatem, augeatque quotidie felicitatem temporum Nerva Traianus. cf. an. III 55 f. h. 1 3 pr. (BOISSIER).

149 IN PRAECIPITI ind. in.

VELIS ind.

150 SINUS ind. DICAS P1 dices which Beer receives, cl. vI 473. VIII 163. XII 125. But none of these is 2 pers. sing. I retain dicas. the figure occupatio as vIII 163-5.

151 INGENIUM PAR MATERIAE Ov. tr. 11 335-6 divitis ingenii est immania Caesaris acta | condere, materia ne superetur opus. GRANG, PRIORUM Plin. ep. III § 5 n. Mart. x 72 Veritas returns to earth after the fall of Domitian.

152 Dürr die Majestätsprocesse unter dem Kaiser Tiberius. bronn 1880. 4to.

Heil

153 SIMPLICITAS Plin. ep. 1 4 § 9 n. Sen. rh. contr. 30 § 8 patience of Metellus, Cato, Pompeius, Brutus, under lampoons and accusations. CUIUS cet. L. Müller (Lucil. dub. 12 p. 160) reads

(monosyllable) non audebo dicere nomen?

cuius

154 REFERT Tac. a. IV 33 antiquis scriptoribus rarus obtrectator, neque refert cuiusquam, Punicas Romanasve acies laetius extuleris: at multorum, qui Tiberio regnante poenam vel infamias subiere, posteri manent. MUCIUS Roby introd. to the study of Justinian's digest xcviii—c. Lucil. vI 30 31 M qui te bonu' Iuppiter, inquit, | Crasso Muciu' cum cenabat. 155 PONE Hor. c. Iv 1 20.8 8. TIGELLINUM even Mart. 1 20 16 can trample on the dead favorite impudici balneo Tigellini.

,,,, TAEDA Hertzberg Gesch. Griechenl. II 280 15. Eus. h. e. vI 41 SS 5-8. 15. 17. 21. Commodus (Vulcat. Avid. Cass. 13 § 6) ordered the descendants of Avidius Cassius omnes vivos incendi.

157 relative supplied in another case Munro on Lucr. vI 52.

Euseb. cited on x 361 ad fin. I now with Grangaeus, Gesner, Heinrich, interpret this verse of the uncus (x 66 n.). Stanley ms. 'int. eos qui cremandi trahebantur per harenam.' Borghesi oeuvres v 532 cites Philo in Flacc. 9 (11 527 M): the Alexandrian mob fell upon the Jews with fire and sword; without mercy they burnt men, women and children. When fire-wood ran short, they used brushwood, rather stifling their victims with smoke, than burning them; many bodies lay about half-burnt. Then follows: πολλοὺς δὲ καὶ ζῶντας τοῖν ποδοῖν τὸν ἕτερον ἐκδήσαντες κατὰ τὸ σφυρόν, είλκον ἅμα καὶ κατηλόων ἐναλλόμενοι, θάνατον ὠμότατον ἐπινοήσαντες, καὶ τελευτησάντων, οὐδὲν ἧττον ἀτελεύτητα μηνιῶντες, βαρυτέρας αἰτίας τοῖς σώμασιν ἐπέφερον, διὰ πάντων, ὀλίγου δέω φάναι, τῶν τῆς πόλεως στενωπῶν κατασύροντες, ἕως ὁ νεκρὸς δορὰς σάρκας ἵνας ὑπὸ τῆς τῶν ἐδάφων ἀνωμαλίας καὶ τραχύτητος περιδρυφθείς, καὶ τῶν ἡνωμένων μερῶν τῆς συμφυίας διαστάντων καὶ διασπαρέντων ἀλλαχόσε ἄλλων, danavon. The same story in fewer words leg. ad Gaium 19 fin. (11 564 M). Grang. cites Lykophr. 263 (of Achilles drawing hektor through the plain) λευρᾶς βοώτης γατομῶν δὲ αὔλακος. Το the conjectures in Jahn add that of Ptolomaeus Flavius, who (reading deducat) carries the line below 159 (vehatur et deducat). As a makeshift we might read (if the rhythm may be pardoned): et latum media SVLCVM VNCVS ducet harena.

344

SULCUM.

ACCUSATOR ERIT.

VERBUM. I 157

cf. VII 48 49 tenuique in pulvere sulcos ducimus. In Plin. pan. 33 § 3 (cited) the uncus goes with ignes, as in Sen. de ira II 3 § 6 circumdati defossis corporibus ignes et cadavera quoque trahens uncus. Friedländer in his review of my book (Bursian Jahresber. xiv 175) reads with Jahn deducis: Iuv. here can have reproduced Verg. g. 1 114 deducit harena only by changing the 3rd person into the 2nd, for what draws a furrow in the sand, cannot surely be the torch (the body burning upright at the stake) but only die geschleifte Leiche.' I agree entirely with the last remark; but when Fr. explains the change of fut. to pres. (lucebis... deducis) from the influence of the presents ardent, fumant, I appeal to Madvig's invincible confutation of the sequence lucebis et deducis (Meinertz also Zeitschr. f. Gymn. 1874 233 thinks the change of tense possible). Dean Merivale (trans. of Cambr. philolog. soc. I 1881 12) prefers the conjecture (Dobree adv. 11 387) dant lucis. Rigault would have every one with him if iam ecce were expressed in Iuv. He says: 'ardebis in tunica molesta, et iam ecce raptaris per mediam harenam, ut pice oblitus et impactus unco flammeris.' schol. 'addictus enim cum per harenam traheretur, sulcum corpore suo fecit.'

I 158 DEDIT Hor. ep. 1 1 115. ACONITA Varro sat. 496 Bü. (in Non. pp. 406, 422) nunc quis patrem decem annorum natus non modo aufert sed tollit nisi veneno? Luc. somn. 26 pr. VEHATUR Verbum huic rei usitatum GRANG. citing Suet. Cl. 28. Mart. Iv 51 2. So vector. 159 PLUMIS Friedländer 1115 21. Prop. IV 7 (=IV 8=111 8) 50. 161 ACCUSATOR ERIT QUI DIXERIT the interpretation given in my first edition (a. e. [ei] q. d. si quis dixerit) is still held, e. g. by Nägelsbach-Müller lat. Stilistik". § 90 3 a p. 259, who cites Garatoni (in Halm p. 59) on Cic. in Vatin. § 12 and adds Cic. dom. § 51 poena est (ei) qui receperit. legg. 1 § 21 quique non paruerit, (ei) capital esto. Heinrich cites Bos-Schäfer ellips. 364, 899. Add Phaedr. v 3 12. Staveren and Bremi on Nep. x 8 § 4. But I adhere to the natural view (the subject of erit antecedent to qui). So the contrast is far more forcible: 'the innocent exclamation "here he is!" to this conscience-stricken sinner, sounds like an accusation, arousing his deadly hatred.' The names of Holyday, Adrien de Valois and Dryden might save this rendering from contempt. For a commentary see Tac. an. 1 74 quia vera erant, etiam dicta credebantur. DCass. LVII 23. esp. Sen. contr. 30.

VERBUM R. Beer spicil. Iuv. 60 verbum mera coniectura est; P enim praebet versum cum quo fere concinit quod fragmenta Vindobonensia habent versu,' which Goebel approves, 'who had said in his verses only, without naming him,' an interpretation justly rejected by Beer, who continues, 'quam explicationem ut probarem a me impetrare nequivi; arridet vero Hartelii quam mecum communicavit coniectura versus (abgewandt)=secum.' This seems to me impossible; verbum, if a conjecture, has all the marks of certainty.

HIC EST ind. hic. Ov. amor. III 1 19 20 saepe aliquis digito vatem designat euntem | atque ait ‘hic hic est quem ferus urit Amor'. Plaut. capt. 783 Br.

162-4 epics less dangerous than satire Hor. s. II 1 10-46. cf. I 4 22-38. So Pliny (ep. 11 3 § 5) contrasts the harmless goodnature of the scholasticus Isaeus, with the cunning of pleaders in the courts: § 6 schola et auditorium et ficta causa res inermis innoxia est. Tac. d. 2 Curiatius Maternus was said offendisse potentium animos by his tragedy Cato, and there was per urbem frequens sermo about it; 3 nihilne te, Materne, · fabulae malignorum terrent, quo minus offensas Catonis tui ames? Can you

-III 3

SATIRE DANGEROUS.

BURIAL IN TOWNS.

345 not strike out what has given offence, and publish Catonem non quidem meliorem, sed tamen securiorem? 10 cum praesertim ne ad illud quidem confugere possis, quod plerisque patrocinatur, tamquam minus obnoxium sit offensae poetarum quam oratorum studium. effervescit enim vis pulcherrimae naturae tuae, nec pro amico aliquo, sed, quod periculosius est, pro Catone offendis. I know that Cato's words will be applauded by the audience and repeated everywhere. tolle igitur quietis et securitatis excusationem, cum tibi sumas adversarium superiorem. Let us content ourselves with the private controversies of the day, in quibus si quando necesse sit pro periclitante amico potentiorum aures offendere, et probata sit fides et libertas

excusata.

I 164 MULTUM QUAESITUS HYLAS see ind. cf. Serv. Aen. I 619. Müller Dorians 1 12 § 7. Hermes xvIII (1880) 30 31. Strabo 564 after telling the legend: καὶ νῦν δ ̓ ἔτι ἑορτή τις ἄγεται παρὰ τοῖς Προυσιεῦσιν καὶ ὀρειβασία, θιασευόντων καὶ καλούντων Ὕλαν, ὡς ἂν κατὰ ζήτησιν τὴν ἐκείνου πεποιημένων τὴν ἐπὶ τὰς ὕλας ἔξοδον. The hackneyed theme attracted Dracontius c. 2 Hylas' (Bährens p. 1. m. v 129). With the whole passage cf. Mart. x 4 cited on ver. 52. On the risk of writing history see Plin. ep. 1 5 § 5 n. p. 85. Two leading Greeks were driven to commit suicide, because their ancestor Theophanes (as a friend of Pompeius and deified by the Greeks) aroused the jealousy of Tiberius (Tac. an. vi 18).

SECUTUS ind. sequor.

166 RUBET ind.

FRIGIDA MENS Lucr. Iv 1060 frigida cura. Sil.

II 338-9 licet formidine turpi | frigida corda tremant.

167 TACITA SUDANT PRAECORDIA CULPA belongs to the relative clause cf. II 215--6 (Kiaer).

169 Madvig also (advers. 1 79) reads anime; but Adrien de Valois and Friedländer (in his review of my book) animo. Rigault cites Laevius erotopaegnion IV (fr. in Weichert poet. Lat. rell. p. 44, Priscian XI 19) meminens Varro corde volutat, and Gratian (in Aus. grat. act. § 43) cum de consulibus in annum creandis solus mecum volutarem.

171 TEGITUR Sepulcrale verbum de humatis GRANG. citing Aen. x 904. Ov. tr. III 3 46. Sen. Oed. 66, and contego from Plaut. and Cic.

Varro cited on v 55. cod. Theod. Ix 17 6. Voet. ad dig. de sepulcro viol. [XLVII 12] 2 (11 1005-6). Bingham antiq. XXIII 1. Exception in favour of St Meletius A.D. 381 (Sozom. h. e. vII 10). Greg. Naz. or. in Melet. II p. 25 ver. 1581. Le Blant les actes des martyrs 213-4. lex col. Iul. Genetivae c. 73 (ephem. epigr. 111 94) ne quis intra fines oppidi coloniaeve, qua aratro circumductum erit, hominem mortuom inferto neve ibi humato neve urito neve hominis mortui monimentum aedificato under a penalty of 5000 sesterces (Mommsen ib. 110). Herald. advers. 1 6. Cic. Tusc. v § 65. Intramural interment at Sparta Plut. Lycurg. 27 § 1.

III Samuel Johnson, in notes to his London', gives the verses of our satire which he imitates.

1 CONFUSUS troubled Plin. ep. г 10 § 2 n. Ov. am. III 9 15 nec minus est confusa Venus moriente Tibullo. Pont. 1 3 3.

SEDEM FIGERE

2 VACUIS desolation of Samnium Strabo 253. cf. Hertzberg Gesch. Griechenl. II 193-4. Liv. xxxix 3 §§ 4-6. XLI 8 § 2. priap. 63 1 parum est mihi, quod hic fixi sedem? GRANG. CUMIS ind. 3 DESTINET Plin. ep. 111 5 § 20 n.

UNUM CIVEM DONARE SIBYLLAE Plutarch's reason (vit. Demosth. 2 § 2) for dwelling at Chaeroneia, 'that it might not become smaller than it was.' Grat. cyneg. 35 Aeolia de valle Sibyllae. [Aristot.] mirab. ausc. 95.

346

BAIAE.

RECITATIONS.

III 4

Hor. ep. 1 15 3 4

Ellis on Catullus

III 4 BAIARUM XII 80 n. ind. Cic. x1 199 Baiter. Obbar. ib. 11--13. Tibull. 1 5 3. Ov. a. a. 1 255—8. p. 344. Pauly 12 2239-40. Dissolute life there Prop. 1 11 2 Burm. (pp. 113-6). ibid. 27–30 (cf. on the sea-side generally Hor. ep. 1 15 18—21). III (IV) 18 2. The atriensis Baias relegatus (Petron. 53) was not banished far (from Cumae), nor to a solitude. Stat. s. 1 5 60. ш 2 17. IV 3 26. Sil. VIII 539. XII 113-5. anth. Lat. ind. p. 366 Riese. Plin. h. n. II § 227. xxxi §§ 4 5. Among the luxuries which ruined Hannibal's troops at Capua Livy (XXIII 18 § 12) names balinea. Flor. 11 6 goes farther (§ 21) Capua was Hannibal's Cannae. § 22 invictum Alpibus, indomitum armis, Campaniae (quis crederet?) soles et tepentes fontibus Baiae subegerunt. So Prud. c. Symm. II 740. Frequented by Augustus (Suet. 16. 64), Tiberius (id. 6), Caligula (id. 19. Ios. ant. XVIII 7-9 § 2. cf. Philo leg. ad Gai. 29), Nero (Suet. 27. 31. 34), Hadrian, who died there (Spartian. 25 §§ 5 6. Capitol. Ant. Pius 5 g 1. id. Ant. phil. 6 § 1. AV. Caes. 14 § 12), Alexander Severus (Lamprid. 26 §§ 9 10), Tacitus (Vopisc. 7 § 6. cf. 19 § 5). Fronto p. 17 Naber. Athalaric's description in Cassiod. var. vIII 6. On the bathing see Celsus II 17 pr. ( 21 p. 107 2 Dar. the name is now erased). Vitruv. II 6 § 2. Not mentioned in Galen. Many of the ancient authorities are given at length by Cluver. Italia pp. 1119-21. Zell's 'Baiae, a Roman watering-place' (Ferienschriften 1 139-154) is very slight. The Saracens, the malaria, and Louis XII of France, depopulated Baja; the so-called temples of Diana, Mercury, and Venus, are remains of thermae and frigidaria.

AMOENI Tac. Xv 55 liberales semper epulas struxisse amoenam vitam et duris iudicibus parum probatam.

5 SECESSUS Sen. ben. Iv 12 § 3.

Plin. ep. г 5 § 14 n.

9 recitations Schiller's Nero 566 seq. Rohde d. griech. Roman (1876) 304 seq. As here the poets are more terrible than falling houses and conflagrations, so anth. Pal. xr 131 οὔτ ̓ ἐπὶ Δευκαλίωνος, ὕδωρ ὅτε πάντ' ἐγενήθη, ͵ οὔθ ̓ ὁ καταπρήσας τοὺς ἐπὶ γῆς Φαέθων, \ ἀνθρώπους ἔκτεινεν ὅσους Ποτάμων ὁ ποιητής | καὶ χειρουργήσας ὤλεσεν Ερμογένης. | ὥστ ̓ ἐξ αἰῶνος κακὰ τέσσαρα ταῦτ' ἐγενήθη, | Δευκαλίων, Φαέθων, Ερμογένης, Ποτάμων. Add to reciters (pp. 174-5) Terence (Suet. v. Ter. p. 28 8 R) scripsit comoedias sex. ex quibus primam Andriam cum aedilibus daret, iussus ante Caecilio recitare ad cenantem cum venisset, dicitur initium quidem fabulae, quod erat contemptiore vestitu, in subsellio iuxta lectulum residens legisse, post paucos vero versus invitatus ut accumberet cenasse una, dein cetera percucurrisse non sine magna Caecilii admiratione. Ammianus (Liban. ep. 983, written to Ammianus at Rome, 'where it would have been a great thing to live even in silence, and listen to the words spoken by others. For Rome maintains many orators who follow in the track of the ancients. But as we learn from those who come from you, αὐτὸς ἡμῖν ἐν ἐπιδείξεσι ταῖς μὲν γέγονας, ταῖς δὲ ἔσει, τῆς συγγραφῆς εἰς πολλὰ τετμημένης καὶ τοῦ φανέντος ἐπαινεθέντος μέρος ἕτερον εἰσκαλοῦντος. ἀκούω δὲ τὴν Ρώμην αὐτὴν στεφανοῦν σοι τὸν πόνον, καὶ κεῖσθαι ψῆφον αὐτῇ, τῶν μέν σε κεκρατηκέναι, τῶν δὲ οὐχ ἡττῆσθαι. ταῦτα δὲ οὐ τὸν συγγραφέα κοσμεί μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμᾶς, ὧν ἐστιν ὁ συγγραφεύς. μὴ δὴ παύσῃ τοιαῦτα συντιθεὶς καὶ κομίζων ἐκεῖθεν εἰς συλλόγους, μηδὲ κάμῃς θαυμαζόμενος, ἀλλ ̓ αὐτός τε γίγνου λαμ πρότερος καὶ ἡμῖν τοῦτο δίδου. For a citizen so distinguished is an ornament to his country'). P. 176 (1. 20 up) criticism invited Mart. v 80. P. 176 (1. 14 up) Sen. ep. 52 § 9 cited on VII 44. P. 177 the audience at recitations, see esp. Epikt. III 23. P. 178 applause Quintil. x 1 § 17 1. 35 n. Synes. Dion p. 62ab once in a company I had

6