fingular the articles contained and established in this present treaty, and fhall caufe the fame to be obferved by their fubjects and inhabitants, neither fhall they directly or indirectly tranfgrefs them, or fuffer them to be tranfgreffed by their fubjects or inhabitants directly or indirectly: and they shall ratify and confirm all and every thing as they are above covenanted, by letters patent, fubfcribed with their hands, and corroborated with their great feals, conceived and written in fufficient, valid, and effectual form, and fhall reciprocally deliver, or cause the fame to be delivered here at Breda, bona fide, really and effectually, within the space of four weeks next enfuing the date of these prefents, or fooner if it may be done.

Breda, the day of July, 1667.

[The following is printed from the treaty which was published by authority in 1686.]

Articles of Alliance and Commerce between the Moft Serene and Potent Prince, Charles the Second, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. and the Moft Serene and Potent Prince, Christian the Fifth, by the grace of God, King of Denmark, Norway, &c. Concluded at Copenhagen, the 11th day of July, 1670.

I. THAT there be between the two Kings, their heirs and fucceffors; as alfo their kingdoms, principalities, provinces, eftates, counties, iflands, cities, fubjects, and vaffals, of what condition, dignity, and degree foever, by land and fea, in rivers, fresh-waters, and all places whatsoever, as well in Europe as out of Europe, now and for the time to come, a fincere, true, and perfect friendship, peace, and confederation; fo as that neither party do any wrong, injury, or prejudice to the kingdoms, principalities, provinces, and

eftates,

eftates, or to the inhabitants and fubjects of the other; nor fuffer any to be done by others, as much as in him is: but rather live as friends together, ufing each other with good-will and refpect; and promoting upon all occafions the interefts and advantages of each other, and their fubjects, as if they were their own: and preventing and hindering with all their power, by their affiftance and advice, any damage, wrong, and injury, that may be offered them.

II. Neither of the forefaid Kings and their heirs fhall confent to any thing that may be to the prejudice or detriment of his ally; but if either of the Kings fhall know that any thing is propofed, or is in agitation or contrivance, or that will be proposed, agitated, or contrived, which may tend to the detriment of the other, he shall be obliged to fignify the fame unto him without delay, and in the mean time to hinder and prevent it by all ways poffible.

III. The forefaid Kings for themselves, their heirs and fucceffors, mutually do undertake and promise, That they will not aid or furnish the enemies of either party, that shall be aggreffors, with any provisions of war, as foldiers, arms, engines, guns, fhips, or other neceffaries for the ufe of war, or fuffer any to be furnished by their subjects: but if the subjects of either Prince fhall prefume to act contrary hereunto, then that King, whofe fubjects fhall have fo done, fhall' be obliged to proceed against them with the highest feverity, as against feditious perfons, and breakers of the league.

IV. It is further covenanted and agreed, That if at any time hereafter, any prince or ftate fhall invade, or by any hoftile way attempt upon the hereditary kingdoms, provinces, counties, towns, islands, territories, or dominions of the King of Denmark, which he now poffeffeth, then the King of Great Britain fhall affift the faid King of Denmark in time, with fuch number of land forces and ships of war, against fuch aggreffor,

aggreffor, as fhall fuffice to repel the force, and as the ftate of the faid King's affairs fhall require. And the faid King of Great Britain fhall therefore with all his power endeavour to hinder, that by fuch invafion or disturbance the King of Denmark be not prejudiced in any wife in his kingdoms, dominions, or rights. And if the faid King of Great Britain, or the faid King of Denmark, fhall contract or make any league, alliance, or union with any other king, prince, com→ monwealth, or state, they fhall refpectively endeavour to comprehend therein each other, and their dominions (as much as in them lies) if they fhall defire to be comprehended.

V. It fhall be lawful for the fubjects of both Kings, with their commodities and merchandize both by fea and land, in time of peace, without licence or fafe-conduct general or fpecial, to come to the kingdoms, provinces, mart towns, ports, and rivers of each other, and in any place therein to remain and trade, paying ufual cuftoms and duties; referving nevertheless to either Prince his fuperiority and regal jurifdiction in his kingdoms, provinces, principalities, and territories, refpectively.

VI. It is notwithstanding covenanted and concluded, that the fubjects of the King of Great Britain fhall in no wife come to the prohibited ports, of which mention is made in precedent treaties, nor colonies, without the special licence of the King of Denmark firft defired and obtained; unless they fhall be compelled to make thither, and enter therein, by stress of weather, or purfuit of pirates; in which cafe, neither fhall it be lawful for them to buy or fell. As alfo in like manner the fubjects of the King of Denmark fhall not come to the Britifh colonies, unless by special licence of the King of Great Britain firft defired and obtained.

VII. It shall be lawful for the fubjects of the Moft Serene King of Denmark to bring into their own

ftores

ftores and warehouses in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and other the ports of the King of Great Britain in Europe, fuch commodities as now, or hereafter fhall be of the growth and production of the eftates, countries, and dominions, fubject to the King of Denmark, or of the manufacture thereof, and likewife fuch as come from any part of the river of Elbe.

In like manner shall it be lawful for the fubjects of the King of Great Britain to import and bring into Denmark, Norway, and all other ports and colonies not prohibited of the King of Denmark, all kinds. of merchandize which now or hereafter fhall be produced or made in the kingdoms, countries, and estates under the subjection of the King of Great Britain. But if at any time hereafter it be permitted to any foreign nations, to bring all kinds of commodities without exception, into England, Scotland, and Ireland, and other the ports belonging to the King of Great Britain, then the fame alfo fhall be lawful for the fubjects of the King of Denmark: which in like manner fhall be permitted to the fubjects of the King of Great Britain, upon the like occafion, in the prohibited ports and colonies of the King of Den

mark.

VIII. It is alfo covenanted and agreed, that the people and fubjects of the King of Great Britain, failing to any the hereditary kingdoms, countries, or dominions of the King of Denmark, or trading in the fame, fhall pay no more or greater customs, tribute, toll, or other duties, nor in any other manner than the people of the United Provinces of the Low Countries, and other ftrangers (the Swede only excepted) trading thither, and paying leffer customs, do or fhall pay; and in going, returning, and ftaying, as alfo in fifhing and trading, and all other things, fhall enjoy the fame liberties, immunities, and privileges, which the people of any foreign country in the faid kingdoms and dominions of the King of Denmark, abiding and trading,

VOL. I.

G

trading, do or fhall enjoy. And fo on the other fide, the people and fubjects of the King of Denmark fhall have and enjoy the fame privileges in the countries and territories of the King of Great Britain; to wit, that the people and fubjects of the King of Denmark, failing to any the kingdoms, countries, or dominions of the King of Great Britain, or trading in the fame, fhall not pay any more or greater customs, tributes, toll, or other duties, nor in any other manner, than the people of the United Netherlands, or other ftrangers trading thither, and paying leffer customs, do or fhall pay and in going, returning, and ftaying, as alfo in fifhing and trading, and all other things, fhall enjoy the fame liberties, immunities, and privileges, which the people of any other foreign country in the faid kingdoms and dominions of the King of Great Britain, abiding and trading, do or fhall enjoy: but fo, as that the power of each King of making or altering customs, or other duties, as they fhall fee occafion, in their refpective kingdoms, countries, dominions, and ports, remain full and entire; provided the forefaid equality be ftrictly obferved on both fides in manner aforefaid.

IX. It is also covenanted, that when the fubjects of either King have imported their commodities into the dominions of the other, have paid the ufual cuftoms for them, and undergone their fearch, it fhall be free and lawful for them to bring their faid commodities into their own proper ftorehouses and cellars, or into places which they fhall think moft fit and convenient, and there ftore them; nor fhall any magiftrate or officet of any the cities or ports of either, impofe upon them any cellars or ftorehouses without their confent.

X. The fubjects of either crown trading upon the feas, and failing by the coafts of either kingdom, fhall not be obliged to come into any port, if their courfe were not directed thither; but fhall have liberty to pursue their voyage without hinderance or deten