1846 light-horse, and other military organization, shall be abolished, and the laws enforced by the civil authority alone.

No one shall be punished for any crime or misdemeanor, except on conviction by a jury of his country, and the sentence of a court duly authorized by law to take cognizance of the offence. And it is further agreed, all fugitives from justice, except those included in the general amnesty herein stipulated, seeking refuge in the territory of the United States, shall be delivered up by the authorities of the United States to the Cherokee Nation for trial and punishment.

ART. III. Whereas certain claims have been allowed by the several boards of commissioners heretofore appointed under the treaty of 1835, for rents under the name of improvements and spoliations, and for property of which the Indians were dispossessed, provided for under the 16th article of the treaty of 1835; and whereas the said claims have been paid out of the $5,000,000 fund; and whereas said claims were not justly chargeable to that fund, but were to be paid by the United States, the said United States agree to reimburse the said fund, the amount thus charged to said fund, and the same shall form a part of the aggregate amount to be distributed to the Cherokee people, as provided in the 9th article of this treaty; and whereas a further amount has been allowed for reservations under the provisions of the 13th article of the treaty of 1835, by said commissioners, and has been paid out of the said fund, and which said sums were properly chargeable to, and should have been paid by the United States, the said United States further agree to reimburse the amounts thus paid for reservations to said fund; and whereas the expenses of making the treaty of New Echoto were also paid out of said fund, when they should have been borne by the United States, the United States agree to reimburse the same, and also, to reimburse all other sums paid to any agent of the government, and improperly charged to said fund; and the same also shall form a part of the aggregate amount to be distributed to the Cherokee people, as provided in the 9th article of this treaty.

ART. IV. And whereas it has been decided by the board of commissioners recently appointed by the President of the United States to examine and adjust the claims and difficulties existing against and between the Cherokee people and the United States, as well as between the Cherokees themselves, that under the provisions of the treaty of 1828, as well as in conformity with the general policy of the United States in relation to the Indian tribes, and the Cherokee nation in particular, that that portion of the Cherokee people

known as the «Old Settlers », or « Western Cherokees », had no ex- 1846 clusive title to the territory ceded in that treaty, but that the same was intended for the use of, and to be the home for, the whole nation, including as well that portion then east, as the portion then west of the Mississippi; and whereas the said board of commissioners further decided that, inasmuch as the territory before mentioned became the common property of the whole Cherokee Nation by the operation of the treaty of 1828, the Cherokees then west of the Mississippi, by the equitable operation of the same treaty, acquired a common interest in the lands occupied by the Cherokees east of the Mississippi river, as well as in those occupied by themselves west of that river, which interest should have been provided for in the treaty of 1835, but which was not, except in so far as they, as a constituent portion of the nation, retained, in proportion to their numbers, a common interest in the country west of the Mississippi, and in the general funds of the nation; and therefore they have an equitable claim upon the United States for the value of that interest, whatever it may be. Now, in order to ascertain the value of that interest, it is agreed that the following principle shall be adopted, viz: all the investments and expenditures which are properly chargeable upon the sums granted in the treaty of 1835, amounting in the whole to five millions six hundred thousand dollars (which investments and expenditures are particularly enumerated in the 15th article of the treaty of 1835), to be first deducted from said aggregate sum, thus ascertaining the residuum or amount which would, under such marshalling of accounts, be left for per capita distribution among the Cherokees emigrating under the treaty of 1835, excluding all extravagant and improper expenditures, and then allow to the Old Settlers (or Western Cherokees) a sum equal to one-third part of said residuum, to be distributed per capita to each individual of said party of « Old Settlers » or «Western Cherokees ». It is further agreed that so far as the Western Cherokees are concerned, in estimating the expense of removal and subsistence of an eastern Cherokee, to be charged to the aggregate fund of five million six hundred thousand dollars above mentioned, the sums for removal and subsistence stipulated in the 8th article of the treaty of 1835, as commutation money in those cases in which the parties entitled to it removed themselves, shall be adopted. And as it affects the settlement with the Western Cherokees, there shall be no deduction from the fund before mentioned, in consideration of any payments which may hereafter be made out of said fund; and it is hereby further understood and agreed, that the principle above

1846 defined shall embrace all those Cherokees west of the Mississippi, who emigrated prior to the treaty of 1835.

In the consideration of the foregoing stipulation on the part of the United States, the « Western Cherokees » or «Old Settlers » hereby release and quit claim to the United States all right, title, interest, or claim they may have to a common property in the Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi river, and to exclusive ownership to the lands ceded to them by the treaty of 4833 west of the Mississippi, including the outlet west, consenting and agreeing that the said lands, together with the eight hundred thousand acres ceded to the Cherokees by the treaty of 1835, shall be and remain the common property of the whole Cherokee people, themselves included.

ART. V. It is mutually agreed that the per capita allowance to be given to the Western Cherokees » or «Old Settlers », upon the principle above stated, shall be held in trust by the government of the United States, and paid out to each individual belonging to that party or head of family, or his legal representatives, first deducting therefrom the sum of fifty thousand dollars, to be paid to the delegation of that portion of the Cherokee people who are parties to the treaty, to defray the expenses of prosecuting their claims against the Government of the United States, including the late Captain John Rogers. And it is further agreed, that the per capita allowance to be paid as aforesaid shall not be assignable, but shall be paid directly to the persons entitled to it, or to his heirs or legal representatives, by the agent of the United States, authorized to make such payments.

And it is further agreed that a committee of five persons shall be appointed by the President of the United States, from the party of « Old Settlers », whose duty it shall be, in conjunction with an agent of the United States, to ascertain what persons are entitled to the per capita allowance provided for in this and the preceding article.

ART. VI. And whereas many of that portion of the Cherokee people known and designated as the Treaty party, have suffered losses and incurred expenses in consequence of the treaty of 1835, therefore, to indemnify the Treaty Party, the United States agree to pay to the said Treaty Party the sum of one hundred and fifteen thousand dollars, of which the sum of five thousand dollars shall be paid by the United States to the heirs or legal representative of Major Ridge, the sum of five thousand dollars to the heirs or legal representatives of John Ridge, and the sum of five thousand dollars to the heirs or legal representatives of Elias Boudinot, and the balance,

being the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, which shall be paid 1846 by the United States, in such amounts and to such persons as may be certified by a committee to be appointed by the Treaty Party, and which committee shall consist of not exceeding five persons, and approved by an agent of the United States, to be entitled to receive the same for losses and damages sustained by them, or by those of whom they are the heirs or legal representatives: Provided, That out of the said balance of one hundred thousand dollars the present delegation of the Treaty Party may receive the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, to be by them applied to the payment of claims and other expenses. And it is further provided that if the said sum of one hundred thousand dollars should not be sufficient to pay all the claims allowed for losses and damages, that then the same shall be paid to the said claimants pro rata, and which payments shall be in full of all claims and losses of the said Treaty Party.

ART. VII. The value of all salines, which were the private property of individuals of the Western Cherokees, and of which they were dispossessed, provided there be any such, shall be ascertained by the United States agent and a commissioner to be appointed by the Cherokee authorithies; and should they be unable to agree, they shall select an umpire whose decision shall be final, and the several amounts found due shall be paid by the Cherokee Nation; or the salines returned to their respective owners.

ART. VIII. The United States agree to pay to the Cherokee Nation the sum of two thousand dollars for a printing press, materials, and other property destroyed at that time; the sum of five thousand dollars, to be equally divided among all those whose arms were taken from them previous to their removal west by order of an officer of the United States; and the further sum of twenty thousand dollars in lieu of all claims of the Cherokee Nation as a nation, prior to the treaty 1835, except all lands reserved, by treaties heretofore made, for school funds.

ART. IX. The United States agree to make a fair and just settlement of all moneys due to the Cherokees, and subject to the per capita division under the treaty of 29th December, 1835, which said settlement shall exhibit all money properly expended under said treaty, and shall embrace all sums paid for improvements, ferries, spoliations, removal, and subsistence, and commutation therefor, debts and claims upon the Cherokee Nation of Indians, for the additional quantity of land ceded to said nation; and the several sums provided in the several articles of the treaty to be invested

1846 as the general funds of the nation; and also all sums which may be hereafter properly allowed and paid under the provisions of the treaty of 1835. The aggregate of which said several sums shall be deducted from the sum of six millions six hundred and forty-seven thousand and sixty-seven dollars, and the balance thus found to be due shall be paid over per capita in equal amounts to all those individuals, heads of families, or their legal representatives, entitled to receive the same under the treaty of 1835, and the supplement of 1836, being all those Cherokees residing east at the date of said treaty and the supplement thereto.

ART. X. It is expressly agreed that nothing in the foregoing treaty contained, shall be so construed, as in any manner to take away or abridge any rights or claims which the Cherokees now residing in States east of the Mississippi river had, or may have, under the treaty of 1835 and the supplement thereto.

ART. XI. Whereas the Cherokee delegations contend that the amount expended for the one year's subsistence, after their arrival in the west, of the eastern Cherokees, is not properly chargeable to the treaty fund: It is hereby agreed that, that question shall be submitted to the Senate of the United States for its decision, which shall decide whether the subsistence shall be borne by the United States or the Cherokee funds; and if by the Cherokees, then to say, whether the subsistence shall be charged at a greater rate than thirty-three, 33/100 dollars per head; and also the question, whether the Cherokees Nation shall be allowed interest on whatever sum may be found to be due the nation, and from what date and at what rate per annum.

ART. XII. The Western Cherokees, called « Old Settlers», in assenting to the general provisions of this treaty, in behalf of their people, have expressed their fixed opinion that, in making a settlement with them upon the basis herein etablished, the expenses incurred for the removal and subsistence of Cherokees after the twenty-third day of May, 1838, should not be charged upon the five millions of dollars allowed to the Cherokees for their lands under the treaty of 1835, or on the fund provided by the third article of the supplement thereto; and that no part of the spoliations, subsistence, or removal provided for by the several articles of said treaty and the supplement thereto, should be charged against them in their settlement for their interest in the Cherokee country east and west of the Mississippi river. And the delegation of « Old Settlers », or « Western Cherokees », propose that the question shall be submitted with this treaty to the decision of the Senate of