Specification of the Patent granted to DANIEL PAULIN DAVIS, of Bloomsbury-square, in the Parish of Saint George, Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Surveyor; for an improved Machine for, and Method of, cleansing and sweeping Chimneys, and extinguishing them when on Fire, which will supersede the Necessity of their being explored by Children as now practised.

Dated April 11, 1803.

To O all to whom these presents shall come, &c. Now KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said Daniel Paulin Davis do hereby declare, that my said invention of machines or apparatus for cleansing chimneys, and extinguishing them when on fire, hoping thereby to supersede the necessity of that business being performed by children as is at present generally practised; the particulars and explanation to the respective `parts, collectively as well as individually, of each and every part of the said machine or machines, or apparatus, are as follows: A swinging or fixed bar or roller, as the case may require, is to be fixed at the top, or thereabouts, of the funnel or flue of the chimney, in an horizontal direction, from side to side, over which a chain or rope, formed of metal, or other materials proper for the purpose, is to be suspended, and sufficiently long to reach below the mouth or mouths of each chimney, where an expanding or flexible brush or brushes, composed of hair, cane, willow, birch, or other proper materials, is to be hooked, or otherwise fastened to the said chain, wire, or rope, as occasion may require, or when wanting for use, and taking off when the flue or chimney is sufficiently swept or cleansed. And in order to do that the more effectually, a roller or bar is to be fixed from

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the inside of the breast to the back, at a sufficient distance from the jamb on each side the mouth or throat of the chimney. A few inches above the chimney-bar, or mantle, over which the chain, wire, or rope, or projecting wings of the flues will not escape being swept, as well in the channel of the flues as the mouth or throat of the same, some of which run in a zigzag or crooked direction, so as to leave the points of the gathering wings with a sharp edge; and therefore to prevent the brush or brushes, chain, wire, or rope, from meeting with any effective impediment in its passage from the mouth or throat of the chimney to the top of the channel of the said flues in passing up or down, some small balls of cork will be hung on various parts of the said chain, wire, or rope, to become moveable whenever it meets with the smallest interruption in its passage, as before described. And, to prevent the necessity of any person or persons going withinside the mouth of the chimney, for the purpose of drawing up or down the brush or brushes before named, as well as to keep the soot withinside when falling by being so disturbed, I have formed an apron or cloth to be hung against the opening of the chimney, with two arm-holes therein, through which the hands or the arms of the person so employed are to be placed; by which the brush and chain, wire, or rope, can be drawn up and down without being exposed to the soot when falling or receiving it into the room or works. And after the business is so performed, either the same chain, wire, or cord, may be left in the chimney, across the bar, or some other hauled by the end into its place, and the ends thereof fastened within reach of the hand. And in case a flue or chimney should be on fire, wherein the aforesaid machine or apparatus is contained, I have formed a bag or parcel of wadding, which by being

wetted and hung on the chain or rope in lieu of the brush, to be drawn up and down the flue or channel in the same way as is recommended for cleansing the same. The brush or broom above alluded to may be made in a variety of forms, suitable to the size, shape, or direction of the flues intended to be therewith cleansed. That best calculated for general use is made of balls of wood, or other materials, closely connected to each other by links, yielding to every direction, and adapted to receive, and securely hold, stiff horse-hair, bristles, slender twigs of willow, cane, or strips of whalebone; which brush or broom may easily be drawn over the aforesaid roller, and is indispensibly necessary for cleansing the tops of hovelled and hooded chimneys. In other cases, where it is not requisite to carry it over such roller, another kind of brush or broom, of like materials, may be used, made of four or more noveable sides, supported by, and moving upon, transverse props; which sides may be drawn together at either end by means of lines fixed at the top and bottom of each moveable side, and passing through a ring at each end of the bar, whereon the props are fastened. The sides should be about the same length as the stem or bar to which the drops are fixed; and the props may be set either at the centre of the stem, or nearer to one end, according to the expansion required. I propose also, that the props themselves be made to slide across the bar similar to the slide of a gauge, and to be fastened in any position by a setting screw pressing against their side; and the length of the whole is to be governed by the di mensions of the flue or chimney intended to be swept. In witness whereof, &c.

Specification

Specification of the Patent granted to THOMAS KENTISH, of Baker-street North, Portman-square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman; for an improved Derrick, for the Purpose of more expeditiously, with less Labour and at less Expense than heretofore, loading and unloading Ships and Vessels, and removing heavy Bodies in any Direction; and which is also applicable to other useful Purposes. Dated July 29, 1803.

With a Plate.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c.

Now KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said Thomas Kentish do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, by the drawings in the margin of these presents, and as follows; that is to say:

In Fig. 1, (Plate V.) A represents the derrick; B, the purchase wheel; C, the axletree; D, four plates of iron to support the wheel; E, an iron cap for the two plates of D, to fasten with an iron bolt; G, a roller to take the rope of the wheel B; H, the handles; I, four plates of iron to support the roller; K, a break-wheel; L, a lever to press on the wheel K, to lower the weight down. M, a ratched-wheel and paul to stop the roller from going back when hoisting up the weight; 0, a ship's mast or a post in the ground on shore, to keep the derrick with a guy; P, the guy; R, a shieve to keep the rope extended; S, a hook to draw the weight; T, the step for the derrick; V, two thwart guys; U, a lever to direct the purchase wheel B and axletree C to keep its level.

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To fix the derrick for use on board a ship or other vessel, the step should be secured so near the gunwhale as to allow room for the handles to work, and the head should be secured to the main-yard when stopped up to plumb the step, or to the head of the main-mast, as occasion may require. To fix the derrick for use on shore, a strong oak post of about fifteen inches diameter, more or less, according to the weight to be raised, should be well secured about six feet in the earth with spur-shores. By the derrick thus constructed and fixed, a considera-,* ble deal of labour will be saved, and the removal of heavy bodies in any direction very much facilitated.

Fig. 2, the roller, detached, for the purpose of shewing its form and construction, it being different from the roller hitherto used for that purpose.

In witness whereof, &c.

OBSERVATIONS BY THE PATENTEE.

The derrick described above has been tried on board a West India ship, and approved. I have now one nearly finished, calculated to hoist up a hogshead of sugar from a ship's hold, twenty-three feet deep, which may be done by three men, equal to eight men, now required at the capstan on-board ship, to deliver a cargo of sugar.

During forty-five years experience in the sea-service, part in his Majesty's navy, and part in the merchant-service, no improvement has been made in the method of loading and unloading ships. I have by study, perseverance, and expense, improved a derrick, which I hope will benefit the public.

By the cranes, both of the old and new invention, there is no difficulty in raising a weight; but I have fre

quently