uses.

And lastly, we do occasionally use bellows to excite the fire, and the said bellows are worked by the piston-rod or crank, and may be fixed in any situation or part of the several engines herein described, as may be found most convenient.

In witness whereof, &c.

Specification of the Patent granted to JOSEPH Everett, of Salisbury, in the County of Wilts, Clothier; for a certain Article manufactured of different Materials, and wove in a peculiar Manner, so as to give it an Appearance of Velvet, which he denominates" Salisbury Angola Moleskin." Dated June 30, 1803.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c.

Now KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said Joseph Everett do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said invention as follows; that is to say: I manufacture the Salisbury Angola Moleskin on two chains or warps, the upper chain is invariably woollen yarn, but the under chain is of cotton, linen, silk, mohair, or worsted. The above two chains are upon separate beams, the number of threads in the upper chain is twofifths of the whole number in both chains; wires being introduced when the upper chain is clear upon the surface of the ground, and kept confined by three threads of weft till cut out by an instrument, the face or pile is formed; the weft is of cotton, linen, silk, mohair, .worsted, or woollen yarn.

In witness whereof, &c.

VOL. IV.-SECOND SERIES.

Kk

Specification

Specification of the Patent granted to JOSEPH HATELY, of Cradely, in the County of Worcester, Assayer of Metals; for some reducing Fluxes for the Purification of Mineral and Metallic Bodies, with combustive and phlogistive Substances from their primitive Ores, to purify Metals in Conjunction with or without compressed Air.

Dated August 31, 1802.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c. I Joseph Hately do hereby describe that the nature of my said invention, and the manner in which the same is to be effected and performed, is particularly described and ascertained in the following specification herein-after mentioned; that is to say: The purification of mineral and metallic bodies extracted from their primitive ores, either in a crude or metallic state, is effected by the addition and application of the fluxes hereafter expressed, or any of them separately by themselves, or any mixture of them together, with or without absorbent substances of lime, gypsum, chalk, and whiting mixed therewith, consisting of the residue adhering to salt-pans and boilers, in which the sea-water brine from brine pits and salt rock are boiled, which is commonly called pancrach, common salt, rock salt, sal ammoniac, alum, glasgail called sandiver, nitre, tartar, vegetable, mineral, and animal salts; salts of any denomination in a humid or dry state.

In some cases I use salt water, brine from brine pits, or water strongly impregnated with any of the recited salts, in manner hereinafter described: viz. to refine copper, lead, tin, zinc, bismuth, and antimony, the ores are first cleaned and pulverized for melting in the usual manner, either in the great or small way.

The fluxes may be used either in a crude or prepared state; the latter I prefer, which is done by melting the salts

in melting pots or furnaces, and mixing them, or any of them, or all of them in equal parts, with two parts of the recited absorbent substances separately or together in a calcined state. Of that composition, I use two pounds weight to every hundred weight of crude ore, before expressed, and four pounds weight of the unprepared to the same quantity of ore aforesaid, more or less thereof, as the ores or metals may require for rendering them ultimately pure.

To refine iron ores, or iron mine, and pig metal made therefrom, the ores or mine thereof are to be pulverized and calcined in ovens or kilns with vegetable fuel, and the carbonated pit-coal, commonly called coaks, are washed in water, strongly impregnated with common salt or any of the recited salts before expressed, or sea water or brine from brine pits. The pig metal made therefrom, or the pig iron extracted by the usual process or common principles, I refine and purify with combustive and phlogistive substances, mineral or vegetable, prepared or unprepared as aforesaid, with addition of prepared or unprepared fluxes aforesaid, in proportion of three pounds thereof to one hundred weight of pig metal, more or less, as the foulness of the metal and fuel may require, when melting in a finery or in arunout fire, or in any other fire or furnace applicable thereto, with or without compressed air. The metal so, refined as before expressed, or pig metal unrefined, is purified by the addition of the aforesaid fluxes in the following proportions viz. to the refined metal as aforesaid, while it is in the puddling furnace or finery in a fluid state, I add thereto half a pound of the prepared flux, and to the unprepared pig metal in the puddling furnace is added four pounds of the said flux, more or less, if required to dispel the heterogeneous matter; but the former process Kk 2 I pre

I prefer when the iron is intended for the finest and best purposes, and for making steel, as the fluxes have the best effect when the metal is in contact with the fuel that possesses the least quantity of sulphur and other pernicious substances, that oppose malleability, ductility, and stability of metals.

In witness whereof, &c.

Specification of the Patent granted to WILLIAM Boond, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Manufacturer; for a new Manufacture of mixed and coloured Cotton Velvets, Velveteens, Velverets, Thicksets, Cords, and other Cotton Pile Goods, commonly called Fustians. Dated April 5, 1803.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c. Now KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said William Boond do hereby particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as follows; that is to say I take the cotton after it is picked and batted, or cleared of its seeds and other dirt which it may at any time collect by being exposed, and dye it or get it dyed in the usual way cotton is dyed, either fast or loose colours, to any shade or colour which fancy may dictate. After it is dyed I again batt it, open it, and pick out all the hard knots or lumps that would anywise injure the cards of the carding machine; and proceed to card, stretch, and rove it separately in the usual way cotton iscarded, stretched, and roved; by this means I obtain dyed and undyed rovings. I now proceed to spin them together thus: I place a dyed roving and an undyed or coloured

coloured roving in the frame or creel of a spinning machine, made for that purpose, and spin two or more rovings together into one thread, or one spindle, or bobbin ; by this means I make a mixture or mottled thread or weft, which weft I weave into the aforesaid goods; that is to say cotton velvets, tabby or Genoa velveteens, tabby or Genoa velverets, tabby or Genoa thicksets, tabby or Genoa cords of every description whatever; or' any other description of cotton or pile goods, commonly called fustians. After the goods are woven, I procced to raise the pile or finish them, so as to shew the mixture or mottle thus: I cut the face or tuft of the pieces longitudinally in a frame with knives, as fuștians in the grey are usually cut; after they are cut, I immerge them in lukewarm water, in which water I sometimes dissolve a little allum, or anything else that will serve to soften or brighten the colour, and dry them in the open air or in a stove. When the pieces are well dried, I rub them across or longitudinally with brushes, and a stone to raise the pile and make it knit together; this operation I repeat till such time as the pieces are well milled, and the pile well knit together; some picces when they have undergone this last operation will be sufficiently finished and ready for sale; and on others there will be on the top of the pile a kind of down, or ouse, or loose strands of cotton, that will not knit in with the pile; these (if made of loose colours) I cut off with a large pair of shears (after the manner woollen cloth is sheared), to clear the pile and make the mixture more perceptible; this operation of shearing is repeated till the face or pile is cicar to the satisfaction of the manufacturer, and the piece is then ready for sale; the goods that are made of such colours as will stand bleeching, I sometimes draw over a red-hot iron, to clear the pile, and afterwards bleach the

brown