work according to the strength. N. B. When the wheel. is made to work in the tide, then the floats may be twelve feet long, more or less. The scouring away the ground for getting ships off the sand (as per Fig. 8.) being an entire new principle, though it is evident it may be performed by various other machinery, yet I conceive that will be an infringement of my Patent.

In witness whereof, &c.

Specification of the Patent granted to JAMES BEVANS, of Castle Street, City Road, in the County of Middlesex, Carpenter, being one of the Society of the People called Quakers; for Methods of applying Machinery for the Purposes of more expeditiously striking or sticking Mouldings, and for rabbetting, ploughing, or grooving, fluting, and excavating Wood in every Manner now usually performed by any Kind of Plane.

Dated November 19, 1803.

With a Plate.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c.

NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the said James Bevans do declare, that the object of my invention is to perform the operations of striking or sticking mouldings, rabbetting, ploughing, grooving, fluting, or excavating wood in a much more expeditious manner than that now practised, by substituting in lieu of manual labour the machinery hereafter described.

These operations are to be performed by the planes or other instruments now used for similar purposes, or with such alterations as are necessary to adapt them to the machinery. These instruments are to be used either singly or combined in any number, according to the

Z 2

width

width of the board or boards to be worked at once, and according to the nature of the work to be done. The instruments are made to pass horizontally over the material (which is to be firmly fixed in the usual manner) in the direction of the mouldings, grooves, flutes, or other work, by a connecting rod or shaft communicating at one end with the instruments, with the box or frame containing the same, with the quadrants, or with the bearing shaft, (all of which are more particularly described in the drawings hereunto annexed), and at the other end with machinery, capable of affording a reciprocating motion.

This machinery may consist of a crank; whose radius must be nearly half the length of the required stroke, and must be regulated accordingly; this regulation may be effected by the arm of the crank, passing through a mortise in a strong box fixed on an axis, and sliding in the said box to any required length, where it must be fixed by strong screws, the axis being turned by manual exertion, by horses, water, steam, or any other power, and having its motion regulated by a fly-wheel or otherwise. I claim no exclusive privilege for the invention of this part of the machinery, but have described the same as an example of a simple method of giving a reciprocating motion.

In the drawing annexed to this specification, (see Plate VIII.) Fig. 1, shews the side of the box or frame containing the planes or other instruments, with the quadrants and bearing shaft. Fig. 2, the end of the same. Fig. 3, a horizontal section inthe line wx. Fig. 4, a vertical section in the line y z. The references to each part are the same in all the figures.

A, the planes (in this instance three) notched out, as are the blanks B, to fit the end of the box or frame at C,

and

and fixed firmly by screws and nuts, which are moveable in the metal slips D, according to the number and situation of the planes; EE, are two quadrants, placed one on each side of the box or frame, and resting on the tongues F, which form rabbets, in which chains connecting the quadrants with the sides of the box or frame may be, without being subjected to the pressure of, the quadrant. It is hardly necessary to observe that cords or straps may be substituted for the chains-in this latter case the tonge F may be omitted. G is a moveable upright shaft, which I term (from its pressure on the box or frame and the planes) a bearing shaft, fixed at its lower end to the two quadrants, and its upper end sliding between friction wheels, or otherwise, in a tube, hung on two pivots perpendicularly over the centre of the work, and at such height as may be most convenient for the length of stroke required, as may be seen in Fig. 5. H is the connecting rod or shaft, which in this instance turns on a joint at the lower end of the bearing shaft; its connection with the crank rod, which gives the required motion, is shewn in Fig. 5; II, are fences sliding perpendicularly in tubes or sockets in the box or frame, and clipping a tongue K, fixed, in the direction of the required stroke, in the frame supporting the bench. Instead of these may be substituted fences similar to those of a common plough, or a tongue, fixed either to the planes or to the box or franie containing them, may slide in a groove in the bench or its frame, or the said box or planes may slide with or without friction rollers between direction pieces fixed for that purpose. In some cases it will be more convenient for the bearing shaft to be fixed at the upper end to a centre or axis over the work, and to slide at bottom in a tube affixed between or above the quadrants. In other instances the bearing shaft may be

entirely

entirely omitted, the quadrants being retained in their position by sliding in grooves, fixed a little above their centres, in which case stops are to be affixed at each end of the stroke to tilt the quadrants, and by this means effect the purpose intended to be answered by the bearing shaft, of supporting that end of the planes which is off the wood, by throwing the pressure of the quadrants on the other end of the same; but in this case the connecting rod must be fixed to the box or frame.

The Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, are drawn to a scale of three inches to the foot. And Fig. 5, is drawn to the scale of half an inch to the foot *.

In witness whereof, &c.

Specification of the Patent granted to ELIZABETH BELL, of Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex, Spinster ; for an artificial Method of sweeping Chimneys, and of constructing them in such a Manner as to lessen the Danger and Inconvenience from Fire and Smoke.

NOW KNOW YE,

Dated May 10, 1803.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c. that I the said Elizabeth Bell, in pursuance of the said proviso, in the said letters patent, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed; that is to say: My artificial method of sweeping chimneys is carried into effect by means of certain apparatus, fixed, or applied, or used at the top and bottom of the flue of any chimney, by means of which a chain or rope can be drawn up and down, and is made to carry certain other apparatus, consisting of brushes or scrapers, or other fit instruments for

*These drawings have been reduced to suit the size of our plate.

cleansing