1244. When the enemy is too strong to be attacked, the convoy is parked in square if there be room; if not, closed up in double file; at the front and rear the road is blocked by wagons across it. The drivers are dismounted at the heads of the horses. They are not permitted to make their escape. The light troops keep the enemy at a distance as long as possible, and are supported when neces sary, but prudently, as the troops must be kept in hand to resist the main attack.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 769.]

1245. If a wagon take fire in the park, it must be removed if possible. If this be not practicable, the ammunition wagons shall first be removed, then those to leeward of the fire.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 770.]

1246. When a whole convoy cannot be saved, the most valuable part may sometimes be by abandoning the rest. If all efforts fail, and there is no hope of succor, the convoy must be set on fire and the horses killed that cannot be saved; the escort may then cut its way through.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 771.]

1247. If the convoy be of prisoners of war, every effort should be made to reach a village or strong building where they may be confined; if forced to fight in the field, the prisoners must be secured and made to lie down until the action is over.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 772.]

ARMY TRAINS AND BAGGAGE.

1248. There will be allowed for headquarters train of an army corps, four wagons; of a division or brigade, three; a full Infantry regiment, six; and a Light Artillery battery or squadron of Cavalry, three. This is the maximum allowance, always to be proportionately reduced according to the number of officers and men actually present.-[Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 41.]

1249. The following extract of special orders issued from Headquarters Armies of the United States, under date of February 23, 1865, is here inserted:

Special Orders, No. 44, of date June 28, 1864, from these headquarters, prescribing the means of transportation, camp and garrison equipage for the armies in the field operating against Richmond, is republished, with changes and additions, to read as follows:

1. For the headquarters of the Lieutenant General commanding the armies of the United States in the field, and Major Generals commanding separate armies, such wagons, light spring carriages, saddle horses, and camp equipage, as may be deemed necessary, from time to time, to be assigned by the Chief Quartermaster at general headquarters.

2. For the headquarters of an army corps, 2 wagons or 8 pack mules for baggage, &c.; 1 two-horse wagon, 1 two-horse spring wagon, and 10 extra saddle horses for contingent wants; 2 wall tents for the personal use and office of the Commanding General; 1 wall tent for every two officers of his staff.

3. For the headquarters of a division, 1 wagon or 5 pack mules for baggage, &c.; 1 two-horse spring wagon, 1 two-horse wagon, and 5 extra saddle horses for contingent wants; 1 wall tent for the personal use and office of the Commanding General; 1 wall tent for every two officers of his staff.

4. For the headquarters of a brigade, 1 wagon or 5 pack mules for baggage,

1 two-horse spring wagon, and 2 extra saddle horses for contingent wants; 1 wall tent for the personal use and office of the Commanding General; 1 wall tent for every two officers of his staff.

5. The allowance of wagons and pack mules to officers detached: to every three company officers when detached or serving without wagons, 1 pack mule; to every twelve company officers when detached, 1 wagon or 4 pack mules; to every two staff officers when not attached to any headquarters, I pack mule; to every ten staff officers when serving similarly, 1 wagon or 4 pack mules.

6. These wagons and pack mules will include transportation for all personal baggage, mess chests, cooking utensils, desks, papers, &c. The weight of officers' baggage, specified by Army Regulations, will be reduced so as to bring it within the foregoing schedule.

All excess of transportation, camp and garrison equipage, now with the army corps, divisions, brigades, regiments, or batteries, over the allowance herein prescribed, will be immediately turned in to the Quartermaster's Department at the general depot, now at City Point.

7. Commissary stores and forage will be transported in the supply trains. When they are not convenient of access, and when troops act in detachments, the Quartermaster's Department will assign wagons or pack mules for that pur pose, but the baggage of officers or troops, or camp equipage, will not be carried in the wagons or on animals so assigned.

8. For each regiment of Infantry, Cavalry, and Heavy Artillery of less than three hundred (300) men, for baggage, camp equipage, &c., one (1) wagon; over three (300) hundred and less than seven (700) hundred, two (2) wagons; over seven (700) hundred, three (3) wagons. Three wall tents for field and staff; 1 shelter tent for every other commissioned officer; 1 shelter tent for every two non-commissioned officers, soldiers, servants, and camp followers.

9. For each battery: for personal baggage, mess chest, cooking utensils, desks, papers, &c., 1 wagon, 2 wall tents, for officers; shelter tents same allowance as for Infantry and Cavalry regiments.

10. For the Artillery and small-arm ammunition train: the number of 12pounder guns multiplied by 122 and divided by 112; the number of rifled guns multiplied by 50 and divided by 140; the number of 20-pounder guns by 2, and the number of 44-inch guns multiplied by 2 will give the number of wagons allowed.

The number of guns in horse batteries multiplied by 100 and divided by 140 will give the wagons allowed.

For the Reserve Artillery, ammunition of 20 rounds to each gun in the armies, the number of wagons allowed will be obtained as follows: multiply the number of 12-pounders by 20 and divide by 112, and the number of rifled guns by 20 and divide by 140.

For every 1,000 men present, armed and equipped for duty, of Cavalry, Infantry, and Heavy Artillery, for small-arm ammunition, 3 wagons.

For carrying fuzes, powder, and primers, with the Reserve Artillery ammunition train, 2 wagons.

11. For general supply train, to each 1,000 men, Cavalry, Infantry, and Heavy Artillery, for forage, subsistence, &c., 7 wagons, sufficient to carry eight days' supply; to each Cavalry division, exclusively for forage, 50 wagons; to each battery, for its proportion of subsistence, forage, &c., 4 wagons; to each horse battery, for the same purpose, 4 wagons; to every 25 wagons of the Artillery ammunition train, 5 wagons additional for the forage of the animals of the ammunition and additional wagons, baggage, camp equipage, and subsistence of wagon-masters and teamsters. Ammunition trains will be loaded exclusively with ammunition, so far as practicable. The baggage of the drivers will be carried in the additional wagons allowed for that purpose.

To each brigade of Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery, of not less than 1,500 men, for hospital supplies, 2 wagons; for every one thousand men additional, 1 wagon. To each army corps, except the Cavalry, for intrenching tools, 8 wagons.

To each army corps headquarters, for subsistence, forage, and other stores not provided for herein, 3 wagons.

To each division headquarters, for similar purposes, 2 wagons.

To each brigade headquarters, for similar purposes, 1 wagor

To each brigade of Cavalry, Infantry, and Artillery, for (mmissary stores for sale to officers, 1 wagon.

For the ambulance train of each division, 2 wagons; for the ambulance train of an independent command, less than a division, batteries excepted, 1 wagon. To each division of Cavalry and Infantry, for armorers' tools, parts of muskets, extra arms, and accoutrements, 2 wagons.

It is expected that each ambulance and wagon, except those of the Artillery ammunition train, will carry the necessary forage for its own teams.

As these armies are increased, the ratio of wagons to each 1,000 men must be proportionately diminished.

12. The unit of organization for the supply trains of subsistence, ordnance, and forage, will be by division. Division Quartermasters will be responsible for them. Brigade Quartermasters will be responsible for the brigade baggage trains. Regimental Quartermasters will be responsible for regimental property and baggage.

Quartermasters will attend in person to the drawing of necessary supplies at depots, and will habitually accompany their trains on marches.

13. If Corps, Division, or Brigade Commanders take their guards or escorts from commands already furnished with the full allowance of transportation, a corresponding amount shall be taken by them to headquarters, but if they have not been provided for at all, then a proper number of wagons will be transferred by the Depot Quartermaster, on the requisition of the Chief Quartermaster, certified to and approved by the Commanding General.

14. As a rule, Quartermaster and Commissary Sergeants will not be allowed to ride public horses, nor will citizens or soldier clerks, except on the written order of a corps or other independent commander, setting forth the necessity.

15. It has been shown by experience that the advantage of keeping up regularly organized pack trains is not commensurate with the expense.

Two hundred pack saddles will be carried in the wagon trains of each corps. Whenever it becomes necessary to pack officers' baggage, provisions, or ammunition for short distances, over rough roads and broken country, pack trains will be made up temporarily by taking mules from the wagons, not to exceed two to any one wagon.

16. The maximum allowance of forage per day, for horses and mules, will be for horses, public and private, six pounds of hay and fourteen pounds of grain; for mules six pounds of hay and twelve pounds of grain. On a march the ration will be only ten pounds of grain.

17. A report of all property captured from the enemy, or seized for the public service, will be made monthly to the Chief of the Department at these headquarters to which it appertains.

18. That there may be a uniformity in the amount of stores to be kept at the front, Generals commanding the armies operating against Richmond are instructed to keep on hand not more than 60 rounds of small-arm ammunition per man, and 8 days' subsistence and forage, besides the prescribed amount of Artillery ammunition. No more subsistence, forage, and ammunition shall be kept at the front than can be conveniently put into wagons in case of a sudden movement.

1250. Surplus wagons will be turned over to the Chief Quartermaster, to be organized, under direction of the Commanding Generals, into supply trains, or sent to the nearest depot. The requisite supply trains, their size depending upon the state of the roads and character of the campaign, will be organized by the Chief Quartermaster, with the approval of the Commanding Generals, subject to the control of the War Department.-[Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 41.]

1251. The baggage train of general headquarters and the

trains of the several divisions are each under the charge of an officer of the Quartermaster's Department. These officers command and conduct the trains under the orders they receive from their respective headquarters, in such manner as not to obstruct the movement of the troops. When the trains of different divisions march together, or the train of a division marches with the train of general headquarters, the senior Quartermaster directs the whole. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 773; Ap. B, ¶ 47.]

1252. The wagons allowed to a regiment, battery, or squadron, must carry nothing but forage for the teams, cooking utensils and rations for the troops, hospital stores, and officers' baggage. One wagon to each regiment will transport exclusively hospital supplies, under the direction of the regimental Surgeon; the one for regimental headquarters will carry the grain for the officers' horses; and the three allowed for each battery or squadron will be loaded with rations and forage in proper proportions for the same number of days' supply of each. Stores in bulk and ammunition will be carried in the regular or special supply trains.—[ Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 42.]

1253. The regimental Quartermaster has charge of the wagons, horses, equipments, and all means of transport employed in the service of the regiment. Under the orders of the Colonel, he assembles them for the march, and maintains the order and police of the train in park and on the march. On marches, the regimental trains are under the orders of the Quartermaster of the division. When the march is by brigade, the senior regimental Quartermaster in the brigade, or the Quartermaster of the brigade, has the direction of the whole. The necessary wagon-masters, or noncommissioned officers to act as such, are employed with the several trains. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 774.]

1254. None but the authorized wagons are allowed to march with the train. The wagons of the several headquarters, the regimental wagons, and the wagons of traders authorized by orders from headquarters to march with the train, are all to be conspicuously marked.-[Regs. 1863. ¶ 775.]

1255. The General whose headquarters train is to be guarded regulates the strength of the guard. The regimental trains are loaded, unloaded, and guarded, as far as practicable, by convalescents and men not effective in the ranks; in the Cavalry, by dismounted men. When the guard of a train is the escort for its defense, the regulations in regard to convoys and escorts take effect. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 776.]

1256. In large commands the roads, if possible, are left to the Artillery and trains. The order of march should state whether the troops or trains have the right of way. The order for the movement of the divisions, brigades, and regiments contains the necessary directions in regard to the assembling and marching of the respective trains. The several trains march in an order analogous to

the rank of the Generals, and the order of battle of the troops to which they belong. Trains are not allowed in any case to be in the midst of the troops, or to impede the march of the troops.—[Regs. 1863, ¶ 777.]

1257. The wagon-masters, under the orders of the officers of the Quartermaster's Department, exercise the necessary restraints over the teamsters and servants under their control, and are responsible that they do not leave their teams, ill-treat their animals, or pillage.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 778.]

1258. General officers will not permit any General or Staff officer or regiment under their orders, or any person whatsoever attached to their command, to have more than the authorized amount or means of transportation. For this purpose they will themselves make, and cause to be made, frequent reviews and inspections of the trains. They will see that no trooper is employed to lead a private horse, no soldier to drive a private vehicle, and that no trooper is put on foot to lend his horse to an officer. They will not permit the wagons of the Artillery or of the train to be loaded with anything foreign to their proper service, nor any public horse, for any occasion, to be harnessed to a private carriage. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 779.]

1259. The officers of the Quartermaster's Department, the wagon-masters, and all conductors of trains, are charged with watching that the regulations respecting transportation allowances are strictly observed.—[Regs. 1863, ¶ 780.]

AMBULANCES.

[Act March 11, 1864, in G. O. 106, 1864.]

1260. The following are the rules for a uniform system of ambulances in the armies of the United States:

The Medical director, or chief Medical officer, of each army corps shall, under the control of the Medical director of the army to which such army corps belongs, have the direction and supervision of all ambulances, medicine and other wagons, horses, mules, harness, and other fixtures appertaining thereto, and of all officers and men who may be detailed or employed to assist him in the management thereof, in the ar.ny corps in which he may be serving.

The commanding officer of each army corps shall detail officers and enlisted men for service in its ambulance corps, upon the following basis, viz: One Captain, who shall be commandant of said ambulance corps; one 1st Lieutenant for each division; one 2d Lieutenant for each brigade; one Sergeant for each regiment; three privates for each ambulance, and one private for each wagon. The officers and non-commissioned officers of the ambulance corps shall be mounted.