In

at Marlborough College, he served an apprenticeship with Messrs. John Penn and Sons, Greenwich, and subsequently gained experience as a sea-going engineer and at Crewe locomotive works. 1866 he joined the firm of Messrs. John Fowler and Sons, Leeds, as a partner, and was associated with the business during the remainder of his life. In 1887 he was elected a director of the Great Northern Railway. He was also an Alderman of the City of Leeds, Chairman of the Electricity Committee of the Corporation, in which capacity he did much good work, and a Justice of the Peace for the West Riding of Yorkshire.

Mr. Wigram was elected a Member of the Institution on the 5th April, 1892.

GEORGE MCKERROW CLARK, born in Ayrshire on the 25th October, 1881, lost his life by drowning in Ceylon on the 18th May, 1914. He was articled to Mr. R. C. Brebner, of Edinburgh, and subsequently acted as his assistant on Teignmouth Waterworks. After a short period under the City Superintendent of Works, Edinburgh, he joined the Irrigation Department of Ceylon, and was employed for 2 years at headquarters, Trincomalee. At the date of his untimely death he was in charge of the Kirinde Oya district.

Mr. Clark was elected an Associate Member of the Institution on the 7th April, 1908.

THOMAS BOOTH FARRINGTON, born at Chorley on the 20th March, 1854, died at Llandudno on the 2nd May, 1915. He served his articles to Messrs. Maxwell and Tuke, of Manchester, for whom he acted as resident engineer at the Winter Gardens, Southport, and in laying out St. Anne's-on-Sea. He then became engineer and architect to the Pwllycrochan Estate Company, for whom he laid out the Welsh coast resort of Colwyn Bay. He was next appointed engineer and surveyor to Conway Corporation, an office which he held for 20 years. He designed and carried out the Cowlyd Lake water-supply scheme for Conway and Colwyn Bay, including a suspension-bridge across the Conway estuary. He also carried out water and sewerage schemes for many local authorities, and was in frequent request as an arbitrator and expert witness.

Mr. Farrington was elected an Associate Member of the Institution on the 7th February, 1899.

WILLIAM FROGGATT, born on the 23rd September, 1852, at Chapeltown, near Sheffield, died there on the 7th March, 1915. He served his apprenticeship at the Thorncliffe Ironworks of Messrs. Newton, Chambers and Company, under the late Mr. John Depledge, whom he subsequently succeeded as Chief Engineer of the works. He retained this position until his death, having served the firm continuously for a period of 47 years. During this period he carried out extensive alterations and improvements in

workshops and machinery, and superintended the design and execution of all work carried out by the firm.

Mr. Froggatt was elected an Associate Member of the Institution on the 2nd December, 1884.

JOHN GALBRAITH, born in Montreal on the 5th September, 1846, died at Muskoka, Ontario, on the 22nd July, 1914. He graduated at the University of Toronto in 1868, and obtained his practical training under Mr. G. A. Stewart, then Chief Engineer of the Midland Railway of Canada, also qualifying as a land surveyor. Between 1870 and 1878 he was occupied on railway surveys and construction in various parts of the Dominion. In the latter year he was appointed to the Chair of Engineering in the School of Practical Science, Toronto; in 1889 he became Principal of the School, and in 1906 he was elected Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering in the University of Toronto, a position which he filled with ability and distinction until his death. He received the degrees of M.A. and LL.D. from Toronto, and the latter degree also from Queen's University. He was a member of the Quebec Bridge Commission and a founder and past-president of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers.

Mr. Galbraith was elected an Associate of the Institution on the 29th May, 1877, and was subsequently placed in the class of Associate Members.

CHRISTOPHER LITTLE, born at Blackburn on the 5th July, 1859, died at Sydney, New South Wales, on the 20th August, 1914. He was articled to the late Mr. W. B. Bryan, M. Inst. C.E., then Engineer to the Blackburn Corporation, and left this country in 1881 for Australia, where he obtained a post on the New South Wales Government Railways. He remained in the railway service from 1881 until his death, a period of 33 years.

Mr. Little was elected an Associate Member of the Institution on the 14th April, 1885.

JOSEPH MACLENNAN, born on the 14th July, 1845, died at Paris on the 1st March, 1914. Trained under his father, Mr. John MacLennan, a railway contractor, he devoted himself to the study of the mining industry, and in 1869 settled in Santander and obtained various mineral concessions from the Spanish Government. In 1872 he formed the Vizcaya Santander Mining Company, and undertook the commercial development and treatment of the mineral ores of the district, introducing several new processes and improvements in working, and acquiring important mining properties in Biscay, Santander, Leon, and Asturias. He was a director of the Circulo Minero of Bilbao, and a member of the Iron and Steel Institute.

Mr. MacLennan was elected an Associate Member of the Institution on the 4th February, 1879.

WILLIAM RUSSELL, born in 1850 at Islington, died on the 27th April, 1915. He served his pupilage with Messrs. Edwin Clark and Punchard, and in 1874 took charge for them as resident engineer of the construction of a mole and harbour at Callao, subsequently destroyed by earthquake. He afterwards practised in partnership with Mr. Henry Wyndham in Westminster, especially in connection with floating docks, the large floating dock at Malta being designed and built by them. Mr. Russell retired from practice in 1890.

He was elected an Associate of the Institution on the 1st February, 1876, and was subsequently placed in the class of Associate Members.

He was

JEREMIAH WOLSTENHOLME, born on the 10th April, 1854, at Blackburn, died at Blackpool on the 11th January, 1915. educated and trained at Blackburn, where he held the post of Deputy-Engineer and Surveyor for 12 years until 1885, when he was appointed Borough Engineer and Surveyor of Blackpool. During 15 years' service he carried out extensive improvement works, including the North Shore Esplanade, promenade extension, public buildings, drainage, electricity and tramway works. He resigned office in 1900, and subsequently engaged in private practice. Mr. Wolstenholme was elected an Associate Member of the Institution on the 10th January, 1888.

JAMES WILLIAM BUTLER, born at Chatham on the 20th May, 1827, died at Eltham, Kent, on the 28th January, 1915, aged 87. Having gained practical experience under the late Mr. Brassey on railway works in the Midlands, he was employed successively on the Paris and Caen Railway, Leicester and Hitchin, and Salisbury and Yeovil Railways, North Metropolitan mid-level sewer, the Dunmow line, reclamation and wharf-construction at Wapping, the Powell Duffryn line, Garston dock entrance, and other contracts. He relinquished active professional pursuits

about 1880.

Mr. Butler was elected an Associate of the Institution on the 6th February, 1872.

AUGUSTO DUPRAT, born in Pernambuco, Brazil, on the 19th December, 1841, died at Buenos Aires on the 25th November, 1914. From 1860 to 1879 he occupied the position of Chief of the Traffic Department of the Recife-São Francisco Railway, under the late Mr. G. O. Mann. Leaving Brazil in 1879 for reasons of health, he was for some years attached as an auxiliary engineer to the French Corps des Ponts et Chaussées. In 1884 he became General Manager of the Southern Brazilian Rio Grande do Sul Railway, a post which he retained until the recent transfer of the undertaking to the Brazilian Government.

Mr. Duprat was elected an Associate of the Institution on the 4th December, 1894.

PHILIP OSBERT GORDON USBORNE, Capt. R.E., eldest son of Capt. George Usborne, of Dunlea, Queenstown, was born on the 16th February, 1879, and died at Calcutta on the 15th March, 1915. Educated at Repton, he entered Woolwich Academy, and received his commission in 1898. He served through the South African War, and was afterwards employed on cantonments at Bloemfontein. Subsequently he was employed by the Colonial Office as Colonial Engineer in Uganda, and retiring from military life, he carried out surveys of the lower branches of the Congo for the Belgian Government. In 1914 he accepted an appointment in Calcutta. Whilst at Chatham he was Assistant Instructor at the School of Military Engineering, helped in revising text-books, and later published a treatise on the Design of Steel Bridges.

He was elected an Associate of the Institution on the 3rd December, 1907.

THOMAS WALTER WOODHOUSE, born on the 15th July, 1839, at Keyworth, Leicestershire, was educated at Edinburgh and in France, and obtained practical experience under his father, Mr. George Woodhouse, on Messrs. Brassey's railway contracts in France and Russia. He subsequently acted for the same contractors on railway works in Devon, and on the East London Railway and Thames Tunnel, but gave up professional pursuits early in life. He died at Kensington on the 25th January, 1915.

Mr. Woodhouse was elected an Associate of the Institution on the 2nd May, 1876.

The following deaths have been made known between the 15th May and the 30th September, 1915:

Members.

ALLEN, EDWARD; died July, 1915.
BOWER, THOMAS; died 10 September,
1915.

CAMPBELL, CHARLES ORR; died 10
July, 1915.

CARNT, EDWIN CHARLES; died 5
August, 1915.

COLSON, CHARLES, C. B.; died 8 June,
1915.

DAVIES, WILLIAM; died 7 May, 1915.
DIXON, JAMES RUSH; died 6 May, 1915.
FLEMING, Sir SANDFORD, K. C.M.G.;
died 22 July, 1915.

HAMMOND, ROBERT; died 5 August,

1915.

HEPWORTH, JOSEPH; died 14 September, 1915.

HURTZIG, ARTHUR CAMERON; died 26
June, 1915.

LLOYD, ROBERT SAMUEL; died 23 Sep-
tember, 1915.

MAVOR, HENRY ALEXANDER; died 16
July, 1915.

PASSMORE, FRANK BAILEY; died 31
August, 1915.

PEARSON, FRED STARK; died 7 May,
1915.

SPAGNOLETTI, CHARLES ERNEST PAOLO

DIANA; died 28 June, 1915.
STABLES, HENRY LEONARD; died 25
May, 1915.

TWIGG, ROBERT HARKNESS; died 15
June, 1915.

WATSON, CHARLES; died 27 July, 1915.

Associate Members.

Associates.