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and we heard them dealing out unquali-
fied execrations on their "
late infamous
government." While this was going on in
Spain; while a radical change of the go-
vernment there was in a fair way of being
accomplished, and that, too (from the
lucky circumstance of the abdication of
the royal family) without any danger of
the horrors of civil strife; and, while the
people of England hailed the dawn of
liberty in that long-oppressed portion of
the world; in this promising state of
things, the Turtle Patriots met, as it were
for the express purpose, and from the table
at this meeting, the king's Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs, proclaimed to
the nation what they had to expect from
the part we were about to take in the war;
he proclaimed to us, in short, that the war
was to be for FERDINAND VII, who, in spite
not only of Napoleon's decrees but of his
own abdication, was to be king of Spain,
and that, too, while his father was yet
alive and declared the son not to have his
consent to mount the throne. Soon after
this an English Embassador was appointed
to the court of this king of Spain, who
was, in fact, and still is, a prisoner in the
hands of Napoleon.--Was any thing but
what has happened to be expected? It is
notorious, that many of our people have
been in danger of having their sides
pierced by the Spaniards for pronouncing
the name of Ferdinand VII. with approba
tion. We are not here under any Orders
like those, said to have been issued at Lis-
bon, and, therefore, I will state, that an
officer, who was in Sir John Moore's army,
told me, that, being sent out to purchase
mules, he was compelled, in order to avoid
being killed, to pull out of his hat the
ticket, which was worn by our people,
with " "Ferdinand VII." upon it; and,
that, upon his and his companions (before
they were aware of the sentiments of the
people) crying out, "huzza for Ferdinand
"VIIth," they and the object of their de
votion were loaded with execrations. And
that, in fact, of all the names he heard pro-

which the minister chooses to give us, We spare not Buonaparté; we abuse him for keeping his subjects in darkness; but, how different is his conduct? When he enters upon a campaign, he also enters upon a series of bulletins, which, day by day, contain an account of the progress of that campaign, and which bulletins are, without any mutilation, published in all his newspapers. It may be improper for the government to tell the world all that the Viscount of Talavera says; but why not, then, give us from themselves, such bulletins as they think proper? Herein consists the deception, that, by giving us extracts, they give us what is believed to be the words of the General, and which, in fact, are not his words, until they are rejoined to those of his words, which are kept out of our sight. Suppose he were to say, "To-day plenty "of provisions have been sent me for a "couple or three days' consumption;" | and the ministers were to suppress all the words after the word me; is it not evident, that we should have words that were not his? In short, words, like individual letters, are one thing, or another, accordingly as they are combined and connected; and, of course, it is very possible to give us words out of a letter, which words do, in reality, make no part of that letter.If the ministers would tell us the news in their own words; if they would say, "thus and "thus things stand;" then we should know what we had before, and should, at a future day, be able to verify these accounts by comparing them with the real transactions; but, this is precisely what they do not wish us to be able to do.- -At any rate I hope we shall look sharp after these " extracts,” and if we do so, we shall be able to trace out every fact of importance. But, every thing, relating to this campaign in the Southern Peninsula, is of great importance, especially if we bear in mind the origin and principle of our interference in the affairs of Spain. We took up the cause apparently for the express purpose of preventing a radical change in the government of that country. We saw such a change approach-nounced, no one appeared to be so unpoing; we saw the two kings abdicating the throne, and calling upon their quondam subjects to yield obedience to the Emperor Napoleon; we heard the people of Spain, as distinctly as it was possible for us to hear them, protest against this base attempt to transfer them like a herd of cattle; we heard them, from one end of the kingdom to the other, assert their right to be free, to choose another government;

pular as that under which we were car rying on the war. This is the great point for the nation to keep in view. We should not let the failures, or even the miseries, of our armies, efface from our minds the great and original cause of all these calamities and disgraces; namely, the determination of our government to make war for a king, and not for a people, in Spain. That this cause would produce

right to complain of the result.—————I said, from the first, that, if JOHN EARL OF ChatHAM (as we say, JOHN DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH) did not look sharp, some one of Napoleon's new-made Dukes might send

such effects as it has produced was very evident to me and to many others; we foretold what has come to pass; but the hirelings, whose sole business it is to deceive the people, asserted that we were instigated by the devil; that we were ja-him back" with a flea in his ear;" and, cobins and levellers, and wished to see a if the Earl had not wisely resolved to stop revolution in Spain, that the example night where he did, this would, in all likelihood, extend to England. They prevailed; or, have been the case. The thing will, it at least, there existed no where the is said, cost about eleven millions of money, position accompanied with sufficient power, for which I am not at all sorry; and, into prevent the war from being carried deed, the only subject of national regret, on for Ferdinand; they prevailed, and, connected with this affair, is, the loss and as it is just due, this nation has felt, is the sickness of the army and navy, which, feeling, and will long feel, the conse- if so great as they have been described, is quences. Great things are now, by a very serious matter. It is stated, that some persons, expected from what is some thousands of our men have actually called the "energy" of the Marquis bro- died of sickness at Walcheren, and that ther. My expectations are not such. I there are about sixteen thousand of them am, as i alw ys have been, convinced, sick. The account of the deaths are truly that for a choice of kings, named by others, dreadful. It is to be hoped, that there is the people of Spain will never fight; and some exaggeration in every part of these that, unless we have the people with us, statements; but, at the same time, there our exertions are of no avail.Again, can be no doubt of the loss and the sufhowever, I cannot refrain from expressing fering having been very considerable. my satisfaction, that the concern, the And, for what! What purpose will the exwhole concern, in the cabinet as well as in pedition answer? What will it effect? the field, is in the hands of the Wellesleys; How will it alter the condition of any nabecause, if the thing had not been so tion or any human being? It will have placed, we should always have heard some made some few thousands of unoffending of the base insolent partizans of that fami- persons in Zealand miserable for life; ly asserting, that the undertaking failed many it will have destroyed; and it will only because they were not at the head of have fattened some hundreds of English it. The hirelings, the unprincipled con- commissaries, quartermasters, staff-people, ductors of no small part of the press, threw paymasters, agents, and contractors! It all the blame of the Convention of Cintra will have created an immense quantity of upon others than the Wellesley, who had patronage, and will have greatly added to a hand in it, though it was negociated by the value of the power of the Boroughhim. We all remember how he carried mongers. These are the purposes, which that affair off; with what an air the whole this Grand Armada will have answered. of their adherents braved the just resent- Would it not be better, at once, to give ment of the people. There is nobody to those Borough-mongers a certain portion throw the blutne upon NOW; except, in- of the national revenues, and leave the deed, the Spanish government and armies king and his servants free to choose their and people; and, then, we come upon the ministry, and say: "What! this was your "universal Spanish nation, who were mad "with enthusiasm for Ferdinand?" Let them get out of that if they can. Let them choose the object of their censure. They cannot choose amiss for those, who have disapproved of the principle of the war, and who have no opinion of the Wellesleys.

WALCHEREN EXPEDITION.. -There is very little to say upon this subject. That has happened, which, for every reason that can be named, might have been expected to happen, and those, who approved of the undertaking, have not the smallest

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measures and to choose their men?
to keeping Walcheren, which poor Lord
Chatham denominates an important pos
session," it is, I am convinced, little short
of madness to think of it. The utility
of it, if practicable, is matter of great
doubt with men more capable of judging
upon the subject than I am; and, to ef-
fect it would, I am convinced; cost, at
least, ten millions a year. Less than 20,000
troops, including casualties, would not do.
Then there must be a fleet, and both must
be fed and watered from England. In
short the idea is absurd.There ap-
pears to be much dispute, as to whether
Lord Chatham be to blame, or not; and

a great deal of sarcasm has been bestowed upon him. But, really, I can discover ne ground for this blame. It is impossible, that he should have acted without orders from home, in the taking of Flushing before he proceeded further; and, besides, I do not believe, that he could have got to Antwerp, even if he had found Flushing ready captured to his hand. We were in this, as in all other instances, told lies about the disposition of the people. The Dutch, as we are compelled now to confess, did not want us. They did not want to be delivered. They were all ready to snickersnee us; and, we have not, during the whole affair, been able to produce a single proof of disaffection towards Louis Napoleon, who appears to be as firmly seated upon the Dutch, as his brother is upon the French, throne. For my part, I should not wonder if this most expensive and calamitous undertaking originated at the suggestion of some of those babbling creatures, whom, in every part of Europe, we have the folly to supply with money; and, who, for the far greater portion are, I am thoroughly persuaded, in the pay, and in the interest of Buonaparté, who could desire nothing better than what we have been doing for several months past.

THE WHIGS appear to be all alive, upon the present occasion. There are reports of changes; the happy dog may, perhaps, let go the bone! The Whig Oracle, the Morning Chronicle, has, for some weeks past, been hard at work endeavouring to pave the way for the return of its party, and, as the most likely means of succeeding, it has set about a deliberate attack upon Mr. Wardle, knowing that nothing will be so likely to be received as a peaceoffering. This alone, if we could forget all their conduct while in power, would be quite sufficient as a proof of what we should have to expect from the WHIGS, who, I am, at any time, ready to show, did more harm, more permanent mischief, to the country, during their reign, than was ever done, in a similar space of time, by any ministry, that the country ever knew. What! and is there a man in this kingdom, base enough, and if base enough, impudent enough, to bid the nation look for safety in the hands of those, who nearly doubled the income tax, who openly avowed, that they would make perpetual war for Hanover, and who had the merciless insolence to tell us that Hanover ought to be as dear to us as Hampshire! What! bid us look for help to that set, who did their utmost to deprive

us of the very faculty of calling for help. Oh, no! we have, very lately, heard that faction cordially join the other faction in defending those who stood detected in having had a hand in buying and selling places and seats in parliament; through the whole of the shameful scenes, here alluded to, we uniformly found the our faction more regardless of the people than the IN faction; and, as to their deeds in war, what have they to boast of? But, the main point, at present, is, would they, or would they not, have aided a revolution in Spain? It is clear, from all they have, at different times, said, that they would not; and, therefore, why would they have been better than the present set? la fact, does the reader believe, that they would not have done just as this set has done? Did they not, from the first, laugh at the idea of restoring liberty to Spain; And, as to the Wellesleys, were they not as much cherished by the Whigs as by the present ministry?- -It is absurd; it is empty nonsense, to suppose, that the Out faction, if in power, would, or, indeed, could, do any better than those who now are in power. It is the system that is in fault much more than the men; and, therefore, those are fools, who look to any set of men, without a change of that system.We go on from bad to worse, and this is in the very nature of the system. We see millions laid out upon en terprizes, and we see no good to us, and no hurt to our enemy, result therefrom. if, now-and-then, success attends the act itself, it is pretty sure to be followed by no beneficial consequence; and, thus, are we going on steadily towards that period, when we are to see Napoleon with all the force of Europe in his hands to wield against us.) Nothing, it appears to me, can save this country from subjugation by France, but that measure of Reform, which, while it gave heart-felt satisfaction to the people, while it put an end to all discontents, would call forth new talents and new energies.The counsellors of the king would not then be eternally engaged in weighing parliamentary interests; their time would not be spent in the invention of excuses, and all sorts of paltry intrigues; they would have the time necessary to attend to great affairs; and, which is the great thing of all, they would be free to choose those persons, who were to put their plans in execution. When any such change will take place I shall not pretend to say; but, I am quite certain, that, until it does

take place, any change of ministry must be useless, one set of men being just as good as another, so long as both remain in subjection to the will and pleasure of the borough-mongers. While this system remains, there will, with me, always be an objection to any change, general or partial; and that, if it were only for this one reason, namely, that, at every change, the borough-mongers have a fresh dip into our pockets. In short, the people of this country are sick of changes, which always add so greatly to the list of pensions and allowances, without producing any change whatever in their favour. If, indeed, the Whigs (it is truly ludicrous to call the Grenvilles Whigs) would give us a specific promise, that they would bring in a Bill for the purpose of insuring a fair Representation of the People; then we might wish for a change; but, so far from there being any reason for us to expect such a measure at their hands, we know that they have been, and yet are, the most loud and unqualified in their abuse of all those who profess to wish for such a measure. Therefore, I wish for no change of ministry.It is quite monstrous to attempt, at this day, to amuse us with a change of ministry. It is as bad, nay to the full, as flagrant, as the invention of THE JUBILEE; but, neither will impose upon the people. A crowd of raggamuffins may be assembled, and, after being drenched in the gin-cellars, may be set to threaten the people in London into an Illumination apon pain of having their windows smashed to pieces; but the sentiment of the nation will remain the same; and so it would after a change of ministry. What! is it possible, that any man can be found impudent enough to attempt to persuade us, that we shall derive any benefit from a ministry to consist of those, who, last spring, cried out "make a stand!" Oh, monstrous! I see nothing that lord Casilereagh has done, that any of those who want him out would not do. They stood by him, they justified him, they voted for aim, in the case of Quintin Dick, and why hould he not remain where he is?

JACOBIN GUINEAS.There is a curious dispute going on between two philosophers, one of whom writes in the Mornng Chronicle and the other in some ministerial paper, about the discount upon guineas, which, it seems, is now openly confessed to exist to what one of these writers calls "an alarming degree," though, for my part, I see nothing alarming in

it. The philosopher, who writes in the Chr Chronicle, has suggested a remedy; and what does the reader think it is? Why, nothing short of compelling the Bank of England to confine its issues to a certain reduced amount; that is to say, to the putting down of its paper altogether; for, the moment it begins to draw in, the whole thing vanishes into its native nothingness. Like the other parts of the system, the paper must go on increasing, or it falls.This philosopher would fain have the Bank make such regulations as would enhance the value of money; that is to say, as would make us pay more to the fund-holders than we now pay, when every reflecting man wishes that we had to pay them less instead of more. —————) -Besides, does this writer imagine, that the countrybankers would not make money to supply the place of any reduction at the Bank of England? He seems to imagine, that no paper money is good for any thing except that of the Bank, as it is called. But, have we not thousands of banks? Aye, and that make as good money as the Bank in Threadneedle street. Indeed, the Threadneedle street money will not pass only at this distance from London half so well as the money made by our neighbours, and that this writer would have plainly seen if he had been with me, last Tuesday, at Giles's Hill Fair, where he would not have got a hundred weight of cheese for a thousand pounds in the Threadneedle street money. The truth is, that the paper-money makers in the country are known to those who use their manufactory; and, what is more, the estates of most of them are known. If a contrary wind were to blow away the credit of all papermoney, those who hold notes of their neighbours fall upon their lund, in default of specie; but, where are those to go, who hold the notes of the manufacturers in Threadneedle street? The consy mana. factory is not a legal tender. Its makers are under no " RESTRICTION," not to pay in gold! Oh, the pretty phrase "Bunk "Restriction!" How will our sons laugh at this? Nay, what fun shall we yet have with it ourselves! The Bank of England gets a law passed to prevent their creditors from demanding gold for its promissory notes; and then the law that lays " a re

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striction" on them not to pay gold for their promissory notes! And, because guineas will not associate with such paper; because a guinea, which has an intrinsic value, will not degrade itself by circulating

in company with such paper, calling itself money, is it to be accused of Jacobinism? | The persons who take, as well as those who give, three or four or five and twenty shillings for a guinea (it fetched, I believe, only 22 shillings at Giles's Hill fair, owing, perhaps, to the purchase being made in country made paper-money) are accused of Jacobinism; but, it is the guinea's fault. It will not go for less. You cannot get it to stir without a discount. It feels its superior worth, and asserts it. But, there is nothing Jacobinical in all this; if there be, at any rate, the Jacobinisin is in the guinea.. -The guinea is now become an object of purchase and sale, and no longer a piece of current coin. No man ever sees a guinea paid away, except by mere accident; but, to the comfort of our two philosophers, be it known, that when the trade in guineas shall have become well established, which time is, in all probability, at no great distance, guineas will flock back again into the kingdom. They go abroad at present only because they will not circulate with papermoney, and because they are not as yet a well-known article of commerce. When they become the latter, back they will hasten, from all parts of the world; and, indeed, they will do well; for they will very soon be wanted. Then, indeed, will be a day for a Jubilee; then the people of England may again dance and sing; but, at present, I see no reason for a Jubilee, which, to make the thing complete, is called for by those, who have been most instrumental in driving the king's image and superscription from the land. When his Majesty's picture returns to our dwellings, then will we join in a Jubilce; but until then, let Jubilees, like Turtle Meetings, be confined to those who make contracts and loans, and who bask in the sunshine of "Bank-restrictions."

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corps, and the reserve, defeated on that day the enemy. On the 27th, he repassed in great haste the Alberche. On the 28th, attacked in a position judged unattackable, 80,000 men have not been able to contend against 40,000 French.-From that time, renouncing their chimerical project of conquest, they have thought but of safety, and have abandoned the field of battle. More than 6,000 English wounded are in our hospitals; the least of our corps, the Ist, was judged sufficient to observe and keep in check this army, still so numerous, in spite of its losses. It remained the Alberche, whilst the 4th corps, and the reserve, set out on the 20th, to succour Toledo, besieged by the army of La Ma cha; and that of Madrid, menaced by the same army, has forced the enemy, already within four leagues of the capital, to relinquish its prey. It has repassed the Tagus in the greatest haste, and thes towards the Sierra Morena, after har ing abandoned some thousands of killed, wounded, and prisoners. The 2d, 5th, and 6th corps are following the rear-guard of the enemy's army. These corps formed a junction with the 1st corps, at Oropesa, on the 7th August.-The English fly every way, in disorder, and by roads hitherto judged impracticable to artillery. The 2d and 5th corps are pursuing them.-Soldiers, you have saved my capital, the King of Spain thanks you; you have done more, the brother of your Emperor sees fly be fore your eagles the eternal enemy of the French name.-The Emperor will know all that you have done, he will acknow ledge the brave, who have made them seives conspicuous among the brave, those who have received honourable wounds; and if he says to us, "I am content with you," we shall be sufficiently recompensed. (Signed)

JOSEPH.

Royal Order addressed to Senores Don Lab Mendoza, and Don Andres Gonzalez Pacheco, members of this Supreme Junts. Dated Royal Palace of Seville, Aug. 15.

The Supreme Junta of the government of the kingdom have seen, with the most lively interest, the observations which your Excellencies make in your memorial of the 12th inst. on the causes which have led to the want of provisions in the com bined army, and the means of remedying this evil; and while it employs the neces sary measures for this purpose, it charges me to inform your Excellencies that our

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